Nzizi kweArctic Ocean: kuNorthern Dvina, Pechora, Ob

Nzizi dzose kweArctic Ocean vari ruchiyerera napakati munharaunda Eurasia uye North America. Somuenzaniso, chikuru American rwizi Mackenzie. Nyaya ino ichakurukura zvimwe nzizi kweArctic Ocean muna Russia, pakati pavo pane chikuru mvura tsinga panyika. Uyezve, vanenge makumi matanhatu nemashanu muzana yemvura Rwako venyika yedu ndowenyika bheseni kweArctic Ocean. Pakati pavo, chikuru mupiro kunobva nzizi dzakadai Pechora, Northern Dvina, Ob, Khatanga, Yenisey, Lena, Kolyma, Indigirka nevamwe vazhinji.

Zvakakurukurwa yenzizi kweArctic Ocean

Hova izvi inoyerera pedyo penyanza mhiri mumapani uye dzakaderera. Nekuti rezasi inosvika yakanyarara dzavo, uye munzira hapana chaiyo nezvipingamupinyi. Basin kweArctic Ocean kwenguva refu zvikuru nguva akafukidzwa chando. Eenhede kunyanya chando uye mvura. Muchirimo, pane mvura pamwero kuwedzera 10-15 mamita. Izvi imhaka yokuti nzizi kweArctic Ocean runoyerera kunonyanya kuchamhembe uye chando ikanyauka nomurwizi paya pane repamusoro. Naizvozvo zvinogadzirwa mumigwagwa yakawandisa motokari uye chando madhamu.

Northern Dvina

Northern Dvina River anotakura mvura yaro kuburikidza nyika nyaya vaviri Russian Federation - Arkhangelsk uye Vologda kumatunhu. The rwizi simba runoyerera muGungwa White, iyo inotanga mumvura kweArctic Ocean. Her "wakachena" urefu 0,7 zviuru makiromita, pamwe Sukhona - .. 1,3 zviuru km uye kana vaiona pamwe Vychegda -. Ipapo 1,8 zviuru? Km.

River Delta ane nzvimbo nzvimbo huru, wakatambanudzwa pamusoro munharaunda imwe pakureba 37 uye wakafara makubhiti 45 makiromita. Pano rwizi rinotsemuka kupinda hova dzakawanda uye dzisimbe (zana namakumi mashanu). River mvura pamuromo matatu uye chiuru hafu cubic metres por wechipiri.

Water hurumende of Northern Dvina

The koshesa mhando zvokudya chando. Northern Dvina River rinosanganisira aizi chivharo munguva kubva mukupera October kusvika mangwanani November, uye anosunungurwa pazviri munguva kubva mangwanani April kusvikira mangwanani May. Panovhurwa rwizi muchirimo kakawanda kuwandisa kwemotokari mumigwagwa, chando vasakukurwa nokukurumidza zvikuru.

Pool Northern Dvina River riri hombe, ndizvo 360 zviuru. ^Km2. chikuru rechibharo ayo kweArctic Ocean bheseni: Pinega, Vychegda, Elitsa, Vaga nevamwe. Kune zvinopfuura 27 marudzi hove.

Nhoroondo ukoshi

Sezvineiwo, Northern Dvina ndiye navigable zvinenge zvose pamwe (kureba navigable waterways pamwe vakawanda rechibharo mashanu nehafu chiuru kilometers). Kubvira muna 1989 pamusoro River unoshanda dzose mutakurwi basa. Saka kure naye mvura mugirazi anomhanya mukuru ari Russian chikepe "Nikolay Vasilevich Gogol", vakaburuka shipyards shure muna 1911.

Northern Dvina River airidza basa rinokosha munhoroondo muitiro. Somuenzaniso, panguva 1812 Hondo Yenyika II zviitiko, akanga, maererano dzekare tendero, anongoda bedzi kubatana Russia ne Europe. Uye muHondo Yenyika II kurwizi vakaita chinokosha mugove wedzerai "Zvipire-Lease" (vemauto ano, midziyo uye zvinhu nokukura kubva Europe uye United States panguva hondo muSoviet Union). Uyezve, vanyori venhau dzimwe nguva inonzi rwizi "Gateway kuti kweArctic", nokuti rwizi mu kweArctic nharaunda akatanga anopfuura mazana maviri tsvakurudzo nzendo.

Pechora

The rwizi runoyerera kuburikidza noUmambo maviri Russian Federation - Nenets zvionera Okrug uye Komi Republic. It kunotanga dzokuMadokero Urals kwakatangira matatu. Maererano nokufungidzira siyana, kureba rwizi kubva 1,7 kusvika 1.9 zviuru makiromita. By hunhu waro Chokwadi, muzvikamu zvitatu: rokumusoro, pakati uye ezasi.

Upper, Middle uye Lower Pechora

The Upper Pechora kureba 400 makiromita haisi vakawanda uye zvishoma kudzidza. Muchikamu ichi rwizi ane vakasiyana hunhu pegomo riri kwakunoitwa nokukurumidza aibuda, meandering mugero, mukuru pamaware Mahombekombe yakamanikana rwizi mupata chakafukidzwa coniferous miti. Upamhi Upper Pechora anoda kubva 10 kusvika 120 metres. The rwizi haasi rakadzika, richisvika maviri nehafu mamita.

Average Pechora - refu chikamu 1200 makiromita, kubva muromo muromo Volosyanitsy Tsilma. Kutanga Yashkinsky chengarava, rwizi kunova navigable. Pechory upamhi pakati mugove anoda kubva 0,4 kusvika 4 makiromita. At mvura pasi murwizi vakaumba shoals kuti kuchidzivisa wekushandisa.

Rezasi Chikamu rwizi atambanudza pamusoro mazana mana makiromita. Kusvikira pamuromo rwizi Shapkina rworudyi norwizi iri kutobaya, uye vakasiya - zvakaipa hunhu. Zvadaro, pemahombekombe maviri pamapani ane predominance pamusoro achinaya mvura zvinomera. Whiskey kubva mumusha rinotanga Delta. Kune vazhinji alluvial, pasi zvitsuwa (chikuru - 29). Zvitsuwa kureba 30 makiromita. Panguva confluence pamusoro muromo 20 rakakamurwa rwizi dzisimbe.

zvinobatsira

Pechora rakavhurika kwemazuva 120-170, dzakawanda kushandiswa kutumirwa motokari. Pane 80 vabati vechibharo. Bheseni anenge 19.500 mativi makiromita. Pechora kunyatsobudirira hove, Sarimoni hove rinoitwa, Pike, herring, whitefish, chena Sarimoni uye zvimwe zvakawanda.

Ob

Sezvambotaurwa, dziva worudzi ruduku gungwa Nyika inoremekedzwa 65% kana zvikamu zviviri kubva muzvitatu vari Russian Federation. Rivers chokuita kweArctic Ocean, zvikuru hombe uye renguva inoyerera. Asi hapana mumwe wavo haagoni kuenzaniswa Ob. Ndicho pakukura Siberian rwizi. Iye inotungamirira pakati zvose mvura inoyerera Eurasia. Iye vakakanda rwizi mvura yavo ukama Arctic Ocean, akadai Tom uye Irtysh, Biya, Katun.

Maererano nedzimwe ruzivo, rwizi zita rinobva pashoko "zvose" nokuti achiumbwa nokuda confluence nzizi mbiri zvikuru guru - Biya uye Katun. Kureba kubva batanidzo yaiva 3,65 zviuru km uye kana iwe zvinosanganisira Irtysh -. 5,41 zviuru Km.. rwizi iri kuonekwa wakarebesa kuRussia. Inoyerera kuchamhembe iri muGungwa Kara, achiumba Kureba Gulf Ob (urefu Bay - anenge 800 kilometers).

Economic kukosha Ob

The rwizi mubhedha ichipfuura kumatunhu Russian shanu, kusanganisira Altai Territory, Tomsk Region, ari Novosibirsk Region, kuti Yamalo-Nenets uye Khanty-Mansi zvionera District. Rwizi navigable. Kugara kutumirwa motokari pamusoro payo yakasimbiswa, kubvira 1844. Muna 1895, rwizi kwapfuura kumativi ngarava 120.

Ob - iri paradhiso iyi hove. Pano, panzvimbo vazhinji hove dzose akadai Pike, grayling, burbot, kabhu, Rudd, Sturgeon, lamprey, Sturgeon, uye vazhinji, vamwe vakawanda. Pane mhando vanenge makumi mashanu, makumi maviri navashanu izvo pasi zvakasimba hove (knot, Ide, Pike, muramba, dace, bream, crucian kabhu, roach, knot nevamwe).

Water utongi, vabati vechibharo

The rwizi - kazhinji chando, chikuru kubuda kunoitika panguva yechirimo nemafashamo. Ob rinosanganisira chando chivharo kwemazuva 180-220 pagore. Pool anenge mamiriyoni 2,99 km ^2, pamusoro chakarurama ichi River rakava kutanga muRussia. Unokudzwa nzvimbo yechitatu inogarwa mariri mashoko emvura tigutsikane, uye vasati pane nzizi vakadaro ruchiyerera kupinda kweArctic Ocean, sezvo Yenisei uye Lena.

Kumaodzanyemba chikamu Ob ndiyo yakakurumbira Novosibirsk Dam kana sezvazvakanyorwa zvakawanda unowanzonzi, Gungwa Ob, inova kufarira wemapoka zviuru zvevashanyi uye veko. The mugero pakati Ob uye Yenisei, yakavakwa mukupera namapfumbamwe remakore, hausi kushandiswa uye akasiyiwa.

Obi ane 30 huru rechibharo uye vazhinji maduku vaduku. Remasangano aya ndiwo Irtysh, ane kureba 4250 km riri kupfuura yayo Kureba rwizi. Pemhomho Zvinounza Ob avhareji zviuru zvitatu cubic metres mvura pa wechipiri.