Part erwizi. Ndechipi rwizi Delta. Gulf muna dzakaderera kunosvika yorwizi

Ndechipi rwizi, anoziva wose. Ichi muviri mvura, iyo yakatangwa, sezvo mutemo, mumakomo kana napazvikomo, uye akashanda nzira yake yakareba kubva makumi nemazana makiromita, runoyerera kupinda dura, nyanza kana gungwa. Kuti chikamu rwizi, inoyerera kubva huru gwara, inonzi ruoko. Zano ane hadzi ano kumhanya pamwe mugomo neyemitenusirwa, - chikumbaridzo. Saka chii chiri rwizi? Izvo zvinoumba anogona kuchiudzawo? Ngatitarisei muudzame chii isu airevei akadaro nyore uye kujairana nemashoko akadai sokuti "rwizi".

Chii chinonzi rwizi?

Kuziva zvinhu zvipenyu nezvisiri zvipenyu hunhu yokutanga zvinokosha, tinowana kuchikoro zvidzidzo zvenyika. Vadzidzi nezvevanakomana pfungwa dzakadai sorukova, rwizi, nyanza, negungwa, gungwa uye zvichingodaro. Sezvingatarisirwa, mudzidzisi haigoni kubatsira asi kutaura chii vari chikamu rwizi. 2 kirasi - zviri zvakare mangwanani nomusoro yakawanda mashoko uye pfungwa. Saka, vana kutsvaka rubatsiro kubva kuvabereki vavo. Uye ndinofanira kutaura, uzviise deadlock. Nekuti vakuru kazhinji haagoni kupindura mibvunzo iri nyore iyi. Saka, havasi vose vachakwanisa kutsanangura musiyano Delta porwizi, kana oxbow madhamu kuumbwa. Kana pano chimwe muenzaniso - kuti mupata rwizi? Ngatitaurei kuzodzosera ongorora zvose izvi pfungwa.

River - zvachose mvura. Mugore dzisinganayi kumatunhu Pasi Somuenzaniso, muAfrica uye Australia, zvingaita kwechinguva kuoma kunze. Chando zvokudya nzizi, pasi, mvura uye glacial mvura. Ichi muviri wechisikigo mvura ine kwemazana emakore dzakabudirira ayo Drain chiteshi. Uye ukama okunze uye rwizi zvakajeka. Uye zviri nyore kuti kuronda. Okunze kunobva chokubuda muoti: hazvisi chete akasiyana kukwira, rusununguko uye Longitude zvikamu.

Mamirire tiri kufunga mvura zvekuvaka inobvawo pamusoro Nzvimbo uye nharaunda umo riri. Mepu inoratidza rwizi, kuti varege kupfuura kubani, mugomo dzakatenuka. Vanogona kuonekwa kunyange pachivande. Neyamapani nzizi dzinoyerera kuburikidza flat yakafara nzvimbo. Zvinonzi hunodzorwa Kuparara mumhenderekedzo, kureva lateral Kuparara. Neyemitenusirwa raiiswa Dam, mubhedha kazhinji ichitenderera, vanopfuura zvakaneta raidudzwa. Very akasiyana zvatariswa kubva hova gomo. Nhovo dzavo yakatetepa chaizvo uye matombo. Valley havaratidzi yakagadzirwa, pamwe kumawere, mahombekombe. Kazhinji, waterways izvi hazvisi yakadzika, asi mwero chekubuda hwakakura kwazvo.

Also kusiyanisa mudziva rwizi. Vanokwanisa kana ichiyerera kubva madhamu kana kugadzira nzira kuburikidza navo. zvinhu zvakadaro vane yepamusoro zvaimutambisira mumvura pasi. At mudziva rwizi yakareba yakakwirira mvura. Kazhinji, havasi yakarebesa. Several dzimwe murove rwizi. zvaitika, Chokwadi, zvinenge. Vane vaizvambarara mafashamo, vane kakawanda mafashamo nokuda hunhu flat nomunzvimbo dzine, apo murwizi iyo kuramba kukasawedzerwa nemvura zvishoma nezvishoma kubva doro.

Zvikurukuru zvinokosha karst rwizi. Vakaguta dzinenge nguva dzose kubva pasi, iyo izere anonzi karst in. Drain mumvura pasi yakawedzera munzizi idzi.

springhead

Pakutanga rwizi anonzi kunobva. Iyi ndiyo nzvimbo yechigarire gwara aumbwa. Kunobva angava akasiyana: sorukova, nyanza, doro. Start nzizi huru kazhinji zvinopa madziva maduku anoverengeka. Panyaya iyi, panobva ichava nzvimbo batanidzo yavo. Somuenzaniso, pakutanga Ob River zvinopa mvura Katun uye Biya. Mountain hova dzinenge nguva dzose kuumbwa nenzira confluence pamusoro pehova zhinji. Well sandara kutanga kubva kugungwa. Zvinokosha kuyeuka kuti nzvimbo mumwe nomumwe Dam. Uye panobva nerimwe rwizi uyewo yakasiyana nedzimwe.

rwizi mupata

Asati ongorora mazita zvikamu rwizi, unofanira kumisa pamusoro akadai sokuti "rwizi mupata". Kutaura mutauro sayenzi, tiri kutaura pamusoro elongated mukudzokera akasikwa inoyerera. Vane chaicho kutsvetera kurutivi uno. parameters Vose rwizi mumipata (upamhi, kudzika uye kunzwisisa meimba) vari zvachose novimba mwero inogona norwizi. Tsika dzine ya ivepo, hunhu yakapoteredza mamiriro enzvimbo. Kufungwa nokugadzikana padombo uye kukura kwakaita nzvimbo tectonic basa.

All mumapani rwizi mumupata une pasi uye dzakatenuka. Asi, zvakare, maitiro avo vanovimba rokuyamura nzvimbo. Mountain enzizi kusiyaniswa kumawere. Ndivo Hwakadzika kupfuura mumapani. In mupata uyu havasi paupamhi uye yakatetepa. Kazhinji, havana wakaratidza akapindira pasi. Pamapani mumupata uri zvakasiyana. Zvinosanganisira pitted oxbows uye floodplain gwara. Young mupata dzinoratidzwa kumawere uye vakura vachinge vafamba kumahombekombe. dzakatenuka yakadaro inonzi tenuka. Mukuru rwizi, saka yakatowedzera kwemhenderekedzo yakareba uye vakwanise.

Young rwizi tenuka havasi. Kunyange floodplain kunoitika kwose kwose. Pasi madziva izvi muchimwiro serin'i, kazhinji nokuti kuti mundima iyi kare akabata rechando. Asi pane kusaina.

The chikuru Chikamu rwizi - kushandiswa uye floodplain - kuumbwa nenzira dzakasiyana. The ateerere kune nokukurumidza Kuparara mabwe vakwanise zvikuru kupfuura crystalline nevhu. Uyewo, chikuru chepfungwa rwizi mumipata ndechokuti vari nguva dzose zvishoma nezvishoma kuratidzirwa miromo. dzakatenuka yavo yakawanda munyoro uye tenuka - Tsvakiridzo.

Iva rwizi mumipata uye rinokosha inoshanda kukosha. It ndiyo nzvimbo tsvene dzinokodzera pakuvaka nemisha. Kazhinji, pamusoro tenuka pane nemisha, uye mafashamo mumapani chakanakisisa nyika mafuro.

mafashamo bani

Kana zvashandurwa chaizvoizvo, "floodplain" - chinhu wakazara mvura. Uye tsananguro Zvemazvirokwazvo ichokwadi. Chikamu ichi murwizi mumupata, iyo panguva nemafashamo uye mafashamo akazadza chose nemvura. Floodplain ane yayo akasiyana yakanaka. chinowanzoonekwa huviri nhanho. Bottom floodplain izere kugara gore negore. Yokumusoro Chikamu - chete mumakore iwayo kana paine mukuru mvura pamwero.

mafashamo ose akasiya rupawo dzayo floodplain. Iye blurs pemvura ivhu, kusika nemipata uye oxbows nezvimiro. Gore negore pose panyika ndiro jecha, mavhu uye loam. Izvi anowedzera mafashamo revarombo. Panguva iyo pane muitiro kudzamisa chiteshi. Nokufamba kwenguva, rakadzika floodplain anova mukuru, kuumbwa floodplain tenuka. Vakaita akapindira hunhu. Floodplain kumahombekombe mawere ane yakakwirira mamita anoverengeka. pamusoro payo kazhinji vakaumba nemipata uye oxbows.

In nokumapani floodplain pahupamhi nzizi. Somuenzaniso, Ob upamhi kunosvika 30 km, uye mune dzimwe nzvimbo uye zvakawanda. Mountain rwizi floodplains havagoni kuzvirumbidza. dzakadaro akawana chete zvimedu, vanogona kuonekwa kubva rumwe rutivi kana mumwe mavakanga.

Zvichireva wetlands makuru. nzvimbo zvinokosha zvakadai zvinoshandiswa sezvo mafuro uye uswa Mafuro. Floodplain dzinenge dzose huru rwizi iri steppes, dondo-steppes uye taiga - yakatsiga nzvimbo yezvipfuwo.

rwizi

Yakadereresa chikamu rwizi, kana panzvimbo mumupata, yainzi murwizi. It akaumba chinoramba mvura murukova. Sezvazvakanyorwa kunoita kuramba wopedza vakawanda pasi emadhaka. Channel, sezvo mutemo, ane Mapazi. Zviri kashoma zvakarurama, asi kuti hova gomo.

Direction, sezvo anosvika muromo, uye zvikonzero muzvizhinji kuyerera dzisimbe. Kunyanya yakawanda navo Delta. Yerera ari floodplain aumba panguva dzakakwirira mvura, asi mukati inopisa mwedzi zhizha zvinogona kuoma. Maoko nokumapani nzizi dziri chakakombama nomunzvimbo dzine. Vakaona ichifamba wakaisvonaka-clastic emadhaka kuwanda. In yemakomo nzizi vakaumba ducts vari apo neapo, uye maoko vari yakananga. Kazhinji ungawana nzvimbo Mangondo nemapopoma kunosiyana dzakakwirira. Vangave encumbered norukangarabwe uye boulders makuru. Re- - zvakadzama nzvimbo dzisimbe - chinjana pamwe rifts. Kazhinji kuchinja akadaro kuchengetwa rezasi rinosvika. Yakafara dzisimbe vane nzizi huru Somuenzaniso, akadai Yenissei Lena, Volga, Ob anogona kusvika makumi anoverengeka makiromita.

nezvikumbaridzo

The rwizi kazhinji rinoumbwa Mangondo. Kakawanda zvinowanika pamubhedha mugomo rwizi. Vomukova - ari kudzika nzvimbo yakazara hurungudo uye boulders. Anogadzirwa munzvimbo idzodzo umo zvakaoma overlie kwakakanganisa nematombo. Kune anyatsoona akasiyana guru dzenzvimbo. Nezvikumbaridzo, nokuda kwayo kwakaita nzvimbo yacho, kuti zvisabvira kutumirwa uye kuti chiwanikwa zvakaoma chaizvo. Dzimwe nguva nokuda kwavo, munhu anomanikidzwa kuvaka ne-zvichipfuura makwara. Kazhinji nomurwizi kubva Mangondo dzichiisa Hydroelectric simba miti. Kana ichi chinoshandiswa zvakanakisisa uye chinokosha vanowira murwizi dzakatenuka. Mumwe muenzaniso Ust-Ilim Hydroelectric yemapurisa iri pamusoro Angara River.

Chii chinonzi rwizi Delta?

Delta - a pamapani rwizi. Zvinonzi inenge nguva dzose dzinoratidzwa mapazi ducts yakawanda uye dzisimbe. Delta akaumba chete rezasi rinosvika. Zvinokoshawo kuziva kuti muchikamu ichi dura inoumbwa rinokosha Mini-mararamiro. rwizi ose akasiyana uye inimitable.

Vazhinji mikuru nzizi Russia ine huru Delta pamwe zvakanaka dzakabudirira alluvial basa. A muenzaniso chaiwo nguva dzose kuguma muna Volga uye Lena. Delta yavo huru uye bazi rive rose richikurukura hoses. Kunze izvi unogona cherechedza Kuban, Terek uye Neva River. A pachena chepfungwa Delta, riri kumaodzanyemba kunzvimbo dzinokudziridzwa marshes. Pano cherechedza yakazara kusiyana rezvinomera achitevedza mahombekombe kuwana pokugara siyana mhuka, amphibians uye nezvinokambaira. Vazhinji eshiri kuvaka masango dzavo uye mumatenhere pedo nemvura adzo. Asi zvinokosha zvikamu fishery mari. Achiona mubvunzo chii rwizi Delta, tinogona kutaura nechivimbo kuti ichi chinhu akasiyana Microcosm wayo pachake.

Limani

Panguva iyo confluence enzizi mugungwa kazhinji kuumbwa kudzika bays. Ndivo vakadanwa estuaries. Izvi Bay panzvimbo dzapasi kunosvika rwizi - nzvimbo kujairika uye wakajeka. Lyman kunoitika apo ichizadza pamapani gungwa nzizi. Inogona kuvhurwa - zvino anonzi guboyu. Panyaya iyi, kuti Gulf hazvirevi kuva chokuita gungwa. Kune up estuaries, kureva, akaparadzaniswa gungwa nemvura Sushi mutsetse - .. Narrow pfira. Kazhinji, mvura wakawanda estuaries, asi kwete kusvika kugungwa. Zvisinei, ane diki inflow mvura yakachena, unogona zvakasimba sesaline. Gulf muna dzakaderera kunosvika kworwizi hakusi kuumbwa. Vakawanda vavo riri pamhenderekedzo yeGungwa Azov. Estuaries vane nzizi Dniester uye Kuban.

rwizi muromo

Nzvimbo rwizi runoyerera mugungwa, Dam, gungwa kana zvimwe muviri mvura, anonzi muromo. Zvingava zvakasiyana. Somuenzaniso, munzvimbo yakabatana muromo, anogona kuumba estuary, Bay kana estuary. Asi rwizi mvura inogona kubviswa nokuda kwezvikonzero zvinoverengeka - fenzi yokudiridzira okurima yecocoa, kana kungoita sasana. Muchiitiko ichi tinotaura pamuromo mapofu, kureva, rwizi runoyerera kupinda asiko. Kazhinji zvinoitika kuti panopera nzira kwayo mvura chete kupinda muvhu, uye rukova nokupera. Naizvozvo, hatigoni kutaura kuti rwizi ose ane muromo yakajeka. Somuenzaniso, kushandiswa iri Okavango rwizi haazombotaurwi iri marshes of Kalahari Desert. Saka, panobva murwizi uye estuary haisi hazvo yakajeka, uye kuziva kwavari hazvibviri nguva dzose.

rechibharo

Mutsika - a norwizi inoyerera kuva rwizi yakakura. Kubva ekupedzisira kakawanda dzinoratidzwa mavhoriyamu maduku mvura uye urefu. Asi, sezvinoratidzwa zvidzidzo kuitwa emakore achangopfuura, haisi nguva zvakadaro. Pane nzizi dzinoverengeka kuti kutyora mutemo wakadzikwa. Somuenzaniso, Oka runoyerera kupinda Volga kuti muduku pedyo Vhoriyamu mvura. Panguva iyoyo vari gang ichi chikuru inoyerera ichipinda uye Kama, riri kupfuura garika. Asi pazuva Volga ose anozivikanwa kunze regai kugumira ipapo. Angara akazivisa mutero of Yenisei. Panyaya iyi, chikamu River, iyo merges wechipiri chinhu, ane kaviri sezvo mvura zhinji. Ndiko, tinogona kutaura chokwadi kuti Angara yakakura. Kazhinji, kuerera ndiye musiyano nenzira mumupata, saka unogona kuona chaizvoizvo ndiko anowa.

Asi rwizi haasi nguva dzose batanidza pamwe nemumwe. Ivo dzimwe nguva anowira mudziva kana zvimwe miviri mvura. Rechibharo akakamurwa kurudyi nekuruboshwe, zvichienderana nokuti idivi vachiuya mubhedha. Ivo vane yakasiyana kurongeka: nesekondari. Vamwe vawe zvakananga munzvimbo huru abudise chiteshi. Ndiro huru vabati vechibharo. Nzizi dzose zvine chokuita navo, achava yechipiri. Somuenzaniso, Zhizdra ndiye chikuru mutero mukuru Oka uye Volga nokuda yechipiri.

distributary

Sleeve - zviri zvakare chikamu rwizi. Izvi zvingava bazi kana "kukamurwa" ari gwara. Cherechedza kuti ruoko anofanira kuwira shure murwizi. Dzimwe nguva zvinoitika mashoma makumi ezviuru metres, asi kakawanda rinokoka anoverengeka makiromita. The ruoko chakaumbwa sedimentation. Panyaya iyi, chitsuwa achiumbwa mumutsara. The dzisimbe vane mazita akawanda dzomunharaunda. Volga wavo anonzi "Volozhka". On kuNorthern Dvina rwizi dzinomirira shoko "negomba." At Don veko vanovati starodone. Musi Danube River - "ngavazvigadzirire". The dzisimbe zvingava kukosha. Zvadaro vari kazhinji vachinzi makwara. Anenge zvose hoses uye ducts papera nguva vanova oxbows. Sezvo choruzhinji ari kuchinja, izvo akochonorwa.

bayou

Bayou - iri elongated nyanza kana rwizi nzvimbo, patsanura kubva choruzhinji. Starkey anogona kuwanika mafashamu mubani kana rezasi chinjiri. Simukai pavanenge bindepinde kana jecha nevhu shoals dzisimbe, uyewo breakout kwemitsipa meanders. In vakadzi vakura nguva dzose sevanhu chidhongi chimiro. Vari chokuita huru nzira mvura apo teura chete. Zvisinei, kazhinji kacho vari vakaparadzana reservoirs. vanowanzoororwa kunzi floodplain madhamu. Driving chikamu rwizi, iro anozivikanwa vakadzi vose vakuru, anogona kupa pfungwa sei Track akatarisa pamberi. Nokufamba kwenguva, chinhu ichi nechakatsinhiwa - inokura, anove chimiro chayo. Bayou anotendeuka iri Wetlands, uye ipapo zvachose nyorova uswa. Papera nguva kubva kwaari hapana chero anoramba.

The pamwero rwizi

rwizi pamwero - kukwirira mvura pamusoro. Izwi iri rinoshandiswa kwerinenge zvose dzinongoitika uye dzinokonzerwa nevanhu reservoirs. rwizi nerimwe rine pasi uye yakakwirira tsika vanotaurwa. The kunonyanyisa mvura pamwero segwapa panguva zhinji, kazhinji muchirimo uye chirimo. Mumatsutso nenzizi uyewo kuitika. Chikonzero kuti ndivo vanoswerera mvura inopfunha. In yechando, mvura pamwero iri akatura kuna rakadzikadzika pamwero kwayo. Kazhinji, rwizi inova shoma vakapfuma uye chirimo - munguva refu kwemvura apo nenzizi kupinda murwizi, pakaoma. neimwe hurumende rorwizi ndekwokuda nomumwe. A kuderera uye nokuwedzera mumvura pamwero nguva dzose kunobva okunze uye kuzorodzwa mamiriro.