Modern kutsvakurudza Antarctica. Antarctica Research muzana remakore rechi21

The Kuwanika uye kudzidza Antarctica - mumwe mukuru zviitiko munhoroondo. Yawanikwa kondinendi rechitanhatu uye humwe kudzidza mamiriro ayo akapa vanhu vazhinji mikana yokuwedzera ruzivo rwavo pamusoro nyika. Most pamwero mukuru tsvakurudzo mabasa kuitwa Antarctica pakati pezana remakore rapfuura, asi nhasi yacho nechando haina kunyimwa hanya.

vakabvuma

Modern kutsvakurudza Antarctica kuitwa mauto dzakawanda. Gwaro iri chaizvo aiita akasiyana inoti munharaunda yacho nechando yakaumbwa muna 1959. Ipapo nyika gumi akasaina Antarctic Treaty, maererano iyo mukati kondinendi rechitanhatu hakubvumidzwi kuti kuitisa akavhiyiwa muchiuto, kunoviga chepfu uye mamwe matongo, uye kwekanguva chando chero miganhu zvaaitaura. To musi, chibvumirano ichi akabatana munyika 33. Somugumisiro, mashoko Antarctic kutsvakurudza remakore rechi21 kazhinji munyika zvakasikwa. Uyezve, kubva 1991 kondinendi nechando yakazivisa Nyika Natural Reserve.

Nzvimbo Russia

nyika yedu pamutemo haana miganhu zvaaitaura. Vaongorori Russian vashande National dzakawanda sectors pamusoro Antarctica. Rwakadini nezvebasa yesayenzi Zvisinei, uchigere kusvika pamwero raiva panguva Soviet Union. Zvisinei, mamiriro ezvinhu ari nani ose gore. Permanent rwendo wokuRussia polar vatsvakurudzi vari kudzidza akasiyana-siyana panyaya chokuita Geological, nenzvimbo, okunze uye zvimwe zvaidiwa kondinendi.

Areas zvinofadza

Modern kutsvakurudza Antarctica zvinoitiswa dzakawanda mirayiridzo:

• chinokosha kudzidza Antarctic;
• nesayenzi uye vakashandisa pakutsvakurudza uye kukura;
• muunganidzwa mashoko pamusoro zvepanyama ezvinhu South polar nharaunda;
• kudzivirira zvakatikomberedza;
• logistics tsvakurudzo, zvikaita, kunyanya kuwedzera kugona uye ichinyaradzwa nhepfenyuro Russian agare pamusoro pavo.

Microcosm

Antarctica - nzvimbo yawo landscape, kuti vanhu zvinhu zvipenyu, kunyanya ekunze - anoita zvikuru kunzwisisa. Zvisinei, mune imwe neimwe nzvimbo idzi dzaiva dzezvimwe dzavo. Somuenzaniso, pfungwa masayendisiti ari kuramba kukwezva munhu Microcosm kondinendi yaingowanikwa. Various utachiona uye hunokuvadza kuripo pano zvakasiyana nevaya hama dzavo nezvimwe makondinendi unyanzvi kuti ajairane zvikuru utsinye ezvinhu Antarctica. Kana musingadi kufunga mumhenderekedzo yegungwa munyika dzine, tembiricha pano rukasafashukira pamusoro -20 ° C, mhepo yakaoma, mhepo yakasimba kuridza dzose.

Vakawanda tsvakurudzo nhasi muna Antarctica chokuita kuziviswa zviri zvigare. Kukwanisa kwavo adaptive iri aronga kushandiswa zvokurapa zvinangwa. Masayendisiti pane maonero kuti kondinendi nechando zvinokosha kuwana zvimwe microbial nzanga. Ikoko vawane zvivako uye unhu hunodiwa nokuda kwokupukunyuka, uye ipapo kwakavakirwa pavo anogona kusika mishonga tibudirire.

nyanza Vostok

Chimwe chinofadza zvikuru munharaunda zvigare, masayendisiti anotarisira kuwana ari pasi-chando Dam. Lake Vostok, ainzi chokuremekedza pedyo Russian yemapurisa, riri pane imwe kudzika anenge 4000 mamita. kusiyana Its hakuna neVadzidzi Dzenyika muchadenga kwemakore mamiriyoni akawanda. Mararamiro kwegungwa "mothballed" uye ingasanganisira yakawanda zvinoshamisa tusingaoneki. Putative "vagari" gungwa anofanira kukwanisa kumira dzakakwirira kumanikidzwa, tembiricha yakaderera chaizvo, okisijeni wevasungwa ka50 kupfuura dhigiri mvura yokunwa, zvokudya uye inorganic kabhoni. Kusvikira zvino, zvinenge zvakadaro vasingazivikanwi kuti sayenzi.

Nokuti kudzidza dhamu 70s remakore rapfuura, kwakasarudzwa kutanga kuchera. Zvisinei, pose East asvika zvino uno ra2012. The zvino vakawana uye gare gare ivhu vaakawana 3507 rakasiyana DNA sequences. Vazhinji vavo, vanenge 94%, ndohwaJehovha utachiona, achiteverwa howa - zvavo zvina muzana. Uyewo sequences maviri zvevaPolish Archean inowanikwa ivhu.

Lake Research anoenderera nhasi, sezvo zvakafanira kuwana mvura ivhu kubva ayo pasi, uyewo kusimbisa kana agodzivisa yapfuura zvabuda. Mafungire kwavari munyika sayenzi chinoreva zvakawanda. Vamwe vaongorori afanotaura kuwanikwa kunyange guru zvipenyu akadai hove. vavengi vavo vanoti zviri zvimwe chikamu DNA chaitwa kuna zvisvundu, mumwe rinomiririra Zvisaririra ezvisikwa nokutsakatika.

zhinji

East - kwete chete subglacial mudziva kondinendi. Nhasi tinoziva 145 reservoirs, anofungidzirwa muri idzodzo zvakafanana. Uyezve, ongororo kuitika mu Antarctica iri kusimbiswa rimwe dhigirii kana mumwe kunhivi rakazaruka madhamu ari kondinendi. Vamwe vavo azara mvura yakachena, vamwe - mineralized. "Vagari" madziva ava vose zvakafanana tupukanana tusingaoneki, masayendisiti kugona kuona pamberi hove uye arthropods. Part madhamu iri vanonzi oasis uye zvitsuwa subantarctic vanosunungurwa kubva chando pagore. Vamwe nguva dzose zvakavanzika. Vamwewo hungabudiswa kamwe chete akawanda.

panhongonya

Land muna Antarctica, zvakawanda chaizvo pemvura kondinendi wayo munyika marongerwo handiyo chete chinhu kuti vaongorori vanofarira. In adzidze mwoyo kakawanda ratinoona uye mamiriro okunze kwendangariro. "Ozone mugomba" yakawanikwa muna 1985 pamusoro Antarctica. Kubvira ipapo, iye ari kuramba pasi nekushandiswa masayendisiti. The Data unganidzwa nokuda vaongorori panguva nhepfenyuro Russian, anoratidza kuti gomba nokukurumidza "kuporesa." Vamwe vatsvakurudzi iyi akapoteredza vanofunga kuti Chiitiko haasi murume-akaita sokuti aifanira ambotaurwa, uye zviwanikwa.

Kure, inoshamisa, chando, south - Antarctica kubvira kuwanika Antiquity The kubvuma kwayo kuvapo wokutanga akapiwa zvakawanda adjectives. Uye zvose wavo zvizere kufanira. The kuitika pavaipfuura Kugadzirwa kondinendi rechitanhatu yakasiyana yapfuura yakanakisisa yokugadzirira rwokugadzira uye unyanzvi. Inosimudzira nyaradzo kugara pa nhepfenyuro, nani kusarudzwa nzira polar (maererano zvidzidzo, pfungwa okunze ndiko zvikuru kupfuura mamiriro okunze). Kuramba kuvandudzika rutsigiro rwokugadzira mishoni. Muchidimbu, ose ezvinhu mamwe kudzidza zvakavanzika uye zvakavanzika chando kondinendi.