Chemosynthesis - rudzi autotrophic zvokudya

Zvakasikwa, pane nzira dzakawanda kupa muviri. Ivo vanovimba zvinoitwa marongerwo, budiriro uye dzinogarisana zvemupiro nhengo. Chemosynthesis - ichi ndomumwe wavo. Vamwe Utachiona, zviri kwese uye chii ezvinhu akanyatsonaka? Izvi uye nemimwe mibvunzo achapindura nyaya yedu.

autotrophs

Mbiri huru nzira kupa zvinenge - iri hetero- uye autotrophic. Wokutanga kunoitika vagadzirira kuitwa muviri: mapuroteni, lipids uye makabhohaidhiretsi. Saka kudya mhuka, notumwe tupukanana mamwe mabhakitiriya. Autotrophs vanokwanisa synthesize Organic zvinhu kubva inorganic pasi zvimwe ezvinhu. Ichi boka zvipenyu zviri zvinomera uye rinokosha boka mabhakitiriya.

Mhando autotrophic nzira kudya vari photosynthesis uye chemosynthesis. Musiyano mukuru ndiye tsime simba upenyu. Chemosynthesis - nzira kupa panguva iyo oxidation pamusoro inorganic yeimwe. Kuti tiite izvi hazvisi zvose zvipenyu.

chemotroph

Pfungwa chemosynthesis, iyo yakavhurwa 1887, akakurumbira Russian musayendisiti S. N. Vinogradovym, runozivisa imwe boka chete-celled prokaryotes. Izvi zvinosanganisira simbi, sarufa nitrifying utachiona. Vose akakodzera nerganicheskie oxidize zvinhu. Saka, simbi iri akarega va- kuti trivalent maererano makemikari maitiro oxidation. A rehydrogen sulfide - iri nyore fuma, kureva nesarufa ... Nitrifying utachiona vari zvikuru kukosha zvakasikwa.

Pamusoro manyowa uye putrefaction pamusoro makemikari nyaya yakabudiswa amoniya. Group nitrifying Mabhakitiriya oxidize nefuma kuti nitric acid. Zvazvichanyungudutswa mvura, mashoko aya anoumba munhu soluble munyu. Somugumisiro, zvinomera, yakayamwa navo kubva ivhu, vafumiswa pamwe senitrogen, kuvapo riri inodiwa zvimiso kukura midzi. Saka, chemosynthesis - ndiwo muitiro kupa anodiwa zvinhu zvakasiyana mapoka zvipenyu panguva imwe chete.

phototrophic

Rimwe boka autotrophic zvipenyu zviri zvirimwa. Vari kushandiswa pakugadzira Organic zvinhu chezuva. Naizvozvo, nzira zvokudya zvavo inonzi phototrophic. Izvi zvinogoneka chete chaiyo muchitokisi organelles - chloroplasts. Ivo ane colorant - ruvara chlorophyll.

Ndiye ruchipa ari photosynthetic zvikamu autotrophic zvipenyu rwegirini. Zviri rinofanirawo mamiriro izvi ndiko pamberi mvura uye carbon dioxide, iro anosunungurwa somugumisiro afemeruke zvipenyu. Pfungwa photosynthesis kunokosha yemapuraneti kukosha. Chokwadi chokuti akaumba kwete chete carbohydrate shuga, rinoshandiswa phototrophic sechinhu simba bhuku, asiwo okisijeni, somugumisiro leakage. Pasina urongwa uyu chinofema gasi hazvibviri, saka upenyu pachahwo.

Kusiyana chemosynthesis photosynthesis

Pasinei chokwadi kuti mhando mbiri inokurukurwa pamusoro pakupfuura autotrophic nzira kudya, uye vane zvinoverengeka zvinokosha kusiyana.

Photosynthesis hazvibviri pasina magetsi. Uyezve, rinowanikwa chete pamberi masero ari chloroplast. Chemosynthesis - Maitikiro acho kunoitika pasina kuvapo izvi zvinhu, asi chete utachiona.

Vakasiyana, uye zvipenyu kukosha kwavo. Phototrophic rinopa zvose zvipenyu zvinhu oxygen. Utachiona akaita kuparadzirwa senitrogen, sarufa nezvimwe zvinhu.

Chimwe musiyano chinokosha zvokuti inotengwa zvakananga autotrophic zvinenge pachavo. Photosynthetic miti vanoumba carbohydrate shuga. Muchisungo, mamorekuru kuti pfuma zvinopa polysaccharide starch. Ndiye negadziriro yeparutivi chirimwa inotonhorera. Chemotroph synthesized Organic zvinhu regai zvakananga, asi kuburikidza morekuru ATP - adenosine triphosphate. fuma uyu mhando simba chitoro ari mumasero zvipenyu. Kana zvakakodzera, zvinonzi rwakakamukana. Izvi kunoitika matanho akawanda, mune imwe neimwe imwe yakawanda simba asunungurwa. Uye kushandiswa kwayo chemotroph nokuda pezvakaitwa upenyu.

Saka, photosynthesis uye chemosynthesis marudzi akasiyana nzira autotrophic zvinovaka muviri zvipenyu, izvo pachavo pave simba zvakakodzera kuti kukura kwavo uye kubudirira.