Saul Bellow: biography nemifananidzo

Nobel laureate, munyori mukuru wezvinyorwa anonyora wezana remakore rechi20, munyori wemuAmerica Sol Bellow akararama upenyu hwakareba uye hwakafuma hwekusika. Pamabhuku ake mazera mazhinji evanoda mabhuku ezvinyorwa akakura. Mashoko ake nemabhuku zvinoramba zvakakosha nhasi, uye biography inofadza.

Mhuri uye mwana

Akazvarwa Sauro Bellow musi waJune 10, 1915, mumusha muduku weKanada weLashin pedyo neMontreal. Mhuri yake makore maviri asati abva kuSt. Petersburg achitsvaga hupenyu huri nani. Pakutanga zita remukomana rainzi Soromoni Belous. Mhuri yaiva nemidzi yechiJudha-chiLithuania, baba vaiva munzvimbo yevaJudha uye saka vakapa mukomana zita rechiJudha. Asi gare gare, kuti kuve nekubatanidzwa kwakanakisisa kwomwanakomana muAmerican society, Abraham Belous akaderedza zita uye zita romwana. Saka akaonekwa Sauro Bellow. MuSt. Petersburg, mhuri yacho yakanga iri kubudirira, asi kubuda munyika kwakaoma zvikuru upenyu hwake. Baba vomunyori weramangwana vakawana kutengesa kwemalahle, uye amai vake vakashanda sebibi uye vanochera. Mhuri yaiva nevana vana, muduku kuna vose vaiva Sauro. Upenyu hwangu hwose vabereki vangu vakaedza kuwana mari uye kuvadzidzisa. Kuvandudza hupenyu hwemhuri Abhurahama anomutora kuenda kuChicago. Sauro akakurira muguta rino uye akazviona seChikori chechokwadi. Akaratidza mafungiro evanhu kubva pazera remakore, achiri muhuduku hwake aiva nemitauro yakawanda uye aifarira chaizvo kuverenga. Mumakore mana akadzidza chiHebheru ndokudanana neBhaibheri nokusingaperi. Apo Sol aiva nemakore 9, akanga achirwara zvikuru uye akasungirirwa pamubhedha, panguva iyo akaverenga mabhuku akawanda akanaka. Apo mukomana uyu aiva nemakore 17, mai vake vakafa, ainetseka zvikuru pamusoro peizvi kwemakore akawanda.

Dzidzo:

Pasinei nokuti Sol kubva paudiki chaizvo aida kuverenga uye aida kudzidza mabhuku, akasarudza kusarudza rwendo rwake zvakasiyana zvakasiyana. Akakurira mumamiriro ezvinhu echitendero chakasimba, amai vake vakarota kuti aizova violinist kana rabbi, asi Sol anosarudza imwe nzira. Pakupera kwechikoro, anopinda yunivhesiti, asi kwete paDhipatimendi reChirungu, nokuti paive nesimba rakasimba revaJudha, asi pachikwata cheanthropology nemagariro evanhu. Asi makore maviri gare gare, akati, "yakava yakaoma muChicago" uye akatamira kuNorweswestern University kuItaly. Muna 1937 akagamuchira chikoro chebhaibheri. Gare gare akaenderera mberi zvidzidzo zvake paYunivhesiti yeWisconsin. Makore anoverengeka mushure meyunivhesiti, anoshandisa semupurofesa mumasangano akasiyana-siyana emedzi, asi aigara achisara ane hope yehuduku.

Kudana

Somukomana muduku, Sol Bellow verenga bhuku raG. Beecher Stowe "Amai Tom's Cabin" uye vakasarudza kuva munyori. Zvisinei, nzira yekuenda kurota yakanga yakareba. Kwapera kwekunge apedza kudzidza, anotanga kuparidzira mhinduro dzake dzezvinyorwa zvebhuku uye shanduro dzemagwaro echiJudha. Kushanda semudzidzisi, Bellow anonyora nhamba yake yokutanga "Pakati peDenga nenyika", izvo zvichaita kuti ave nehupfumi hwakawanda. Iyo inoverengeka yakanyorwa nenzira yedhidhiyadhi yemunhu asingakwanisi kugadziriswa nemafungiro evamwe nyika ane mafungiro akaisa vanhu vose munguva yehondo. Iyi nhau ndeyekuedza kwevanhuwo zvavo kuchengetedza hutsika hwehupenyu hwake paanosanganisa munharaunda. Anoedza kuva chikamu chevanhu, asi haasi kubudirira. Musoro wekuchengetedza uri pasi pekumanikidzwa kwemagariro evanhu, tsika uye tsika dzakanaka zvichava zvakakosha mubasa raSauro Bellow. Kubudirira hakuna kuunza rusununguko rwezvemari, mamwe makore akawanda munyori anoshanda paYunivhesiti yeNigeria.

Nzira yemunyori

Muna 1947, Bellow akasunungura nhau yake yechipiri, The Sacrifice, iyo inopfuurira musoro wekuchengetedza unhu hwevanhu pasi pesimba revanhu. Uyewo pano inowanikwa rutivi rwechipiri rinokosha, urwo munyori achazogadzirisa gare gare - ichi ndicho dambudziko rekupesana neSamitism. Sauro pachake akadzokorora chokwadi chokuti hukama hwake hwaizova chipingamupinyi kune unyanzvi hwake uye mararamiro ake. Muna 1948, munyori anogamuchira muGuggenheim Prize, iyo yakamubvumira kusiya basa, kuenda kuParis ndokutanga kushanda pane inoverengeka "The Adventures of Ogi Marcha." Sauro Anobwinya mukati maro zvakare anomutsa nyaya yevahedheni vechiJudha uye zvinetso zvetsika zvekuwana nzira yavo. Iyo inoverengeka inoonekwa seyakakurumbira yemifananidzo inooneka yeUnited States, uye vamwe vatsvakurudzi vanodana kuti ndiyo yakasikwa yakanakisisa yemunyori. Mushure mebasa iri, Bellow anova anozivikanwa uye akanaka-munhu kupa nguva yakawanda kumabhuku. Asi anoramba achidzidzisa. Kwenguva yakati akashanda kuNew York, kuPuerto Rico, asi muna 1964 akadzokera kuguta rehuduku hwake - Chicago. Pano anotanga kushanda paYunivhesiti, achidzidzisa unyanzvi hwekusika hwemunyori uye achishanda mu-inter-departmental commission pamusoro pekufunga kwevanhu. Kwemakore 30 iye achava purofesa paunivhesiti, kubatsira vanyori vane ruzivo kuwana nzira yavo mumabhuku uye muupenyu. Bellow aida Chicago, akati iye anonzwa pamba pano. Pano ainge akakomberedzwa nenzvimbo dzakajairika nevanhu: shamwari dzekuchikoro, vavakidzani, vashandi pamwe navo. Akagara achitaura kwenguva refu neshamwari yake - muzivi weAlb Bloom.

Muna 1964, nhaurwa itsva neBellow - "Duke", iyo inogamuchirwa zvakasimba kubva kuvadzidzi nevatsoropodzi. Nyaya yepurofesa yunivhesiti ichitsvaga chinangwa chehupenyu inoisa munyori pane izvi nevanyori vakadai saJoyce, Updike, Tolstoy. Pakupedzisira kwekusika kwake bhizimusi Bellow akanyora zvinyorwa zvitsva 14 nemabhuku, maverengero emitambo uye kuunganidza zvinyorwa zviduku, uyewo mana magwaro.

Zvinokwanisika kuyeuka vanyori vaduku vanoramba vachigadzira kusvika pakwegura zvakanyanya pane imwe yepamusoro. Vanhu vakadaro vanofara vanosanganisira Sauro Bellow. "Ravelstein" - nhoroondo yekupedzisira yemunyori - yakabudiswa muna 2000 paaiva nemakore 85. Mubhuku akaudza nyaya yerhamwari yake yekare A. Bloom, asiwo mamwe maitiro anofungidzirwa mumunhu mukuru. Mune bhuku, Bellow anotaura nezvezvinetso zvakawanda zvemazuva ano uye nezvemashoko efilosofi enyika.

Muna 1993, munyori nemhuri yake vakatamira kuBoston, kwaakapinda yunivhesiti. Pano akapedzisa rwendo rwake.

Munyori wemaitiro

Munyori anowanzonzi anonyanya kunyoresa mumabhuku eSouth. Ane pfungwa isinganzwisisiki yeshoko uye kukwanisa kuwana chimiro chakadai chekufunga icho hachisiyi muverengi asina kufanira. Mabhuku eBellow muenzaniso wekuparadzanisa kwakasiyana-siyana kwebhuku rekunzwisisa, kumiganhu nemabasa efilosofi, uye nhoroondo inonakidza yenyaya inobatsira muverengi kutarira munhoroondo yose. Pakati pezvinyorwa zveAmerica mabhuku, Sol Bellow akasimbisa zvakasimba nzvimbo yechipiri mushure me Faulkner. "Duke", "Ravelstein", "Ogi March" yakazova chinhu chinokosha chechikwata chavo chechimiro kuvanhu veAmerica.

Best Books

Munyori akazova akakurumbira mushure mekunge bhuku rake rokutanga, basa rake romunharaunda harisi rakakura kwazvo, asi inenge basa rimwe nerimwe nderechokwadi. Nyaya inoti "Gamuchira nguva" Sol Bellow yakabudiswa muna 1956, uye inenge ichiratidza maererano nemitemo yevanyori vanofarira. Bhuku rinotaurira pamusoro pomumiririri wechimiro wechizvarwa chemazana makumi mashanu, uyo anoshungurudzika nzira yake muupenyu. Ari kutarisana nenguva dzakaoma uye anouya pakunzwisisa kuti munhu anofanira kurarama nhasi. Munyori haapei mapeji, asi zvinosanganisira muverengi mukufungisisa pamwe uye kutsvaga chokwadi. Vana vekuchikoro veAmerica vanogona kuona mumiganhu yekutanga yemabhuku anoremekedzwa kuverenga, zvinotevera: Sauro Bellow "Henderson, Mambo weMvura." Bhuku iri rava rimwe remabasa akanaka kwazvo emunyori, nhau iyi inotambudza yakagamuchira zvakakosha zvikuru zvevadzidzi nevatsoropodzi, izvo zvinowanzoitika. Iyo inozikanwa "Chipo cheHumboldt" muna 1975 chakaunzwa kumunyori Pulitzer Prize uye kubvumirwa munyika yose. Bhuku racho rakaisa munyori mumutsara wezvinyorwa zvezana remakore rechimakumi maviri.

Mipiro uye Mubayiro

Sauro Bellow, uyo mabhuku anoverengwa mumativi ose enyika, akagamuchira mibairo yakawanda yehupenyu hwake. Akanga ari oga munhau yeAmerica mabhuku akapiwa mubayiro wekunyorwa kwemitatu katatu, uye muna 1976 akagamuchira Pulitzer Prize. Uye mugore iroro anogamuchira rimwe remitambo yakanakisisa munyika - Nobel Prize for Literature. Nhengo dzeNobel Komiti dzakaona kuti munyori akapiwa mubairo wekutsvaga kwakashata kwemazuva ano tsika, kupinda mukati mevanhu. Akanziwo akapiwa Mutemo weLegion of Honor (France), mutambo wenyika mumunda wezvigadzirwa (USA) uye mimwe mitambo yemabhuku.

Anozivikanwa zvinyorwa

Saul Bellow, uyo anotsvaga kubva mumabhuku ari kukura zvakadzika uye huchenjeri, anozivikanwa semunyori wechenjeri. Ane mazita akawanda anozivikanwa, kunyanya mazwi aya: "Vanhu vanozivikanwa nemanzwiro avo uye nzira iyo vanokuvadza vamwe" uye "Kubhadhara isimba guru. Munhu akaora mwoyo ane zvakawanda kune iye pachake pane kushushikana kusingazivi. Boredom inoremekedzwa "kubva kuOrga Marcha; "Ita kuzvitarisira iwe, uye ichava yakakosha kune vanhu vose" kubva "Pakati Pakati Pasi Nepasi"; "Munhu anozvarwa kuti ave nherera uye nherera nevamwe" kubva "Duke" nevamwe vakawanda.

Upenyu hwega

Saul Bellow aiva munhu asina kujairika. Akaridza violin, aifarira zvemitambo, aive shamwari neshamwari dzakakurumbira uye aiva fan guru revakadzi. Bellow akanga akaroora kaviri, kubva kumhuri dzakasiyana dzaaiva nevana vana. Mukadzi wokutanga, Anita Goshkin, akaberekera mwanakomana wake Greg, uyo akazova chiremba wepfungwa, asi haana kukanganwira baba vake kwehupenyu hwake hwose kuburikidza nekukanda amai vake, uye vakanyora mheyo pamusoro pekutyisa kwemunyori. Aine mudzimai wake wechipiri, Anna Chakbasova, Bellow akararama gore chete, uye iyi yemba zvakare yakanga ine mwanakomana - Adhamu. Akatevera mumakwara ababa vake, akava mharidzi wemagazini uye kwete munyori akabudirira zvikuru. Mudzimai wechitatu Susan Glassman, uyowo haana kurarama kwenguva refu. NaAlexandra - mukadzi wechina - kuroorana kwacho kwakagara makore anenge gumi. Wokupedzisira, mudzimai wechishanu - Janis Friedman - akaberekera mwanasikana waBellow paaiva nemakore 84. Akava muna 2005 chirikadzi yake. Sauro Bellow akafa musi waApril 6, 2005, asati asvika makore makumi mapfumbamwe.