The vanotongwa tsika mutemo - chii ichi? Concept, kupatsanura

Munguva ichangopfuura, tsika mutemo kwava kunyanya kukosha. Izvi imhaka vanhu kunzwisisa chii rinoreva kwete chete kune imwe chidimbu munzanga, asi, zvakadaro, zvinodzinetsa kushanda zvizvarwa zvose. Customs mitemo anoita zvido vemabhizimisi uye vanhu kuyambuka muganhu siyana vavariro: kubva zvatinosiita kufamba basa pakufamba.

Kunyange vaya vasina kuyambuka muganhu, asi kune dzimwe zvinhu, dzine chokuita netsika. Chokwadi ndechokuti kune zvinhu zvakadai wakaiswa mutero kuti rwuripowo mutengo pakarepo. Saka, chikamu mhuri bhajeti iri kupedzerwa chemhosva netsika mabasa. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti vachibhadhara izvi zvinoumba chetatu zvose mutero zveminda. The vanotongwa netsika murayiro siyana zvikuru uye vakawanda.

kupatsanura zvidzidzo

Sezvo zvose nzvimbo mutemo, tsika dzine vavanotonga uye zvinhu. mamirire kwavo kunokosha kwazvo kudzidza chirango. Nyaya tsika mutemo - munhu rusununguko kodzero uye mabasa tsika yacho. Vari rakakamurwa marudzi akawanda:

• tsika masimba;
• vashandi vehurumende kuti masangano aya;
• pamutemo masangano;
• vanhu;
• Masangano dzakawanda.

Pfungwa nyaya netsika mutemo zvakazara zvinoratidza musimboti vanhu uye masangano. Conventionally, vari rakakamurwa mhando mbiri: chaidzo uye zvakasiyana. The mhando vanotongwa netsika mutemo wokutanga dzinokosha miviri uye vashandi pamusoro nemasangano aya. Vane zvimwe mabasa, kodzero uye mitoro.

Nokuti dzimwe vanotongwa netsika mutemo anosanganisira dzinongoitika uye nomutemo vanhu, nemhaka yavo mabasa kupinda noukama hunokosha zviremera. By ichi tiri akakodzera masangano dzakawanda.

Tsika Zviremera

Negadziriro nemasangano aya ndiwo dzakaunganidzwa miviri mamiriro, yakavakwa maererano competences. Saka, akamira musoro State Customs Committee (State Customs Committee), iyo yakagadzirirwa kudzora uye waidzora tsika basa kuRussia.

Pano zvose zvakarongwa zvakafanana nemamwe utariri nehurongwa: dzakanga masangano zvakananga uye kushandisa omurume. Customs Zviremera sezvo vanotongwa netsika murairo akakamurwa zvinotevera mhando (zvichienderana competences):

• SCC;
• dzematunhu uye Regional tsika mahofisi;
• tsika;
• Tsika mbiru.

Customs zviremera vari boka kwemitemo. Izvi imhaka hunhu mabasa avo uye mabasa anoitwa. Vanofanira kurwisana nechitsotsi, zvisiri pamutemo chokufambisa kwenhumbi kunze, ugandanga dzakawanda, uye zvichingodaro. D. Ivo vanobvumirwa kushandisa mumuviri chiito kana zvakakodzera.

keriya tsika

Types netsika mutemo nyaya zvinosanganisira chikamu yakadai mutakuri. Vavariro yake - kutakura mhiri tsika muganhu kana mukati munharaunda yacho. In basa iri rinogona kuva munhu kana repamutemo uyewo. The mitemo anopa mabasa nyaya netsika mutemo:

• kutevedza zvinodiwa uye mirayiro chokufambisa kwenhumbi, yakatangwa Code ichi;
• arambe zvinhu, akaita kuburikidza tsika uye kuti mashoko;
• kubhadhara mitero uye mari yechikoro maererano bumbiro;
• achigarira maoko Kudzivirira tarisisa mashoko awanika kubva vorega pomutumwa.

tsika bhuroka

Nemamwe mashoko, tsika mumiririri - murevereri kuita kushanda achimiririra declarant kana mumwe munhu ane simba kuti aite tsika kushandiswa. Basa rake chingava kusangano repamutemo rinonyoreswa zviri Register tsika nevaichinja.

Vanovaka ukama declarants on contractual hwaro. Panyaya iyi, iyo bhuroka havagoni kuramba kuita oparesheni kana pane mukana kupera. Zviito All chete kuti mativi ose aripo Code. Customs mumiririri anofanira kubhadhara mitero uye mari, kana zvakakodzera, uye haana kodzero pachena zvakavanzika, kudzivirirwa nomutemo, uye mamwe mashoko chero zvakavanzika.

vanhu

Sezvaunoziva, vanhu vari zvakare vanotongwa tsika mutemo. Kubva pakuzvarwa, mumwe munhu anowana pamutemo chinzvimbo, inova kukwanisa kuva kodzero uye mitoro. Panyaya iyi, mumwe munhu anogona kutakura zvinhu uye zvinhu kunze kwenyika.

Zvakakodzera kujekesa chinangwa zvokufambisa, sezvazvakaita pfungwa inokosha zvikuru. Kana munhu anoda kutakura zvinhu zvebhizimisi zvinangwa, chiziviso zvichaparadzwa akambochera pasi Chakarerutswa muitiro. Recently paiva katsika nokuda nemasimba ose vanozoshanda tsika mutemo, uyo angava pamutemo masangano uye vanhu.

Custom Clearance

chikamu ichi inopa tsika Clearance kuMudzidzisi zvinyorwa pasi paro maererano kwayo specialization. In zvachose pane mhando mbiri:

• 1 Professional;
• 2 Professional.

Vanogona kuva vanhu vane Russian chizvarwa, pamutemo vanokwanisa zvakazara, vachiwana zvakakodzera nenhanho dzidzo ndokupfuura bvunzo kuwana chitupa chaiyo. Anopa vanhu nemikana netsika Clearance. Kuti ave nyanzvi muchikwata 1st, wacho anofanira kusangana zvinotevera zvinodiwa:

• yepamusorosoro kana yechipiri dzidzo inokosha mune tsika, mutemo kana zvoupfumi;
• vane chakarongwa basa zvakaitika 2 years ari nyanzvi tsika Clearance;
• vawane tsamba, wakati agura vose pabvunzo.

Kuva nyanzvi muboka 2, wacho anofanira kuva:

• vane dzidzo chaiyo chero yechipiri kana yechipiri;
• vawane akakodzera chitupa.

Gwaro iri 3 anoshanda, panyaya muboka nemazvo 1 uye 2 makore, kana rakapa unyanzvi muchikwata 2nd.

Vanotongwa dzakawanda tsika mutemo

Subject mutemo dzakawanda - anaro kodzero dzemarudzi uye mitoro zvinobatanidzwa pachena ukama. With pfungwa uyu yakabatana unhu, izvo rinobvumira kodzero mukufamba kukurukurirana. Kuti vanotongwa dzakawanda tsika mutemo vari inoti uye masangano dzakawanda.

Zvisinei, ichi ndicho nemaonero, pane zvinofungwa kuti nyaya anogona kuita munhu. Zvinosuruvarisa mu chaizvoizvo yanhasi hazvibviri. Chokwadi chokuti dzakawanda hukama upi hunhu dzinotungamirirwa zvimwe mitemo. Under urongwa uhwu, Ukama dzakawanda zvinogona mezhvlastnymi kana Interstate, uye saka munhu haagoni kuva pasi.

Pane here chinonzi asiri mureza (vamwe) vanotongwa mutemo dzakawanda. Ivo vanonzi masangano kuti havatakuri unhu hunodiwa, asi zvakadaro vari kuzivikanwa. Somuenzaniso, Vatican, vakasununguka guta, kana vapanduki. Panguva dzakasiyana zvokukura kukura, vanogona kuva noukama hunhu dzakawanda. Saka, maererano vanotongwa dzakawanda tsika mutemo vari rinoti, masangano, uye vasiri mureza dzidzo.

masangano dzakawanda

Kubva siyana masangano aya anogona kuziva Customs Cooperation Council. It akasikwa muna 1953 muna kweBrussels, uye nyika yedu iri pakati nhengo dzayo. Zvisinei, dzakanga tsika mutumbi Kishi Customs Council vaiona. Anopa zvinangwa zvinotevera:

• kushanda Customs Union;
• budiriro uye Implementation rakabatana mutemo mumunda tsika;
• musimbwa chindingindingi;
• akanaka makwikwi mu International kushandiswa.

Nemamwe mashoko, kuti vanotongwa dzakawanda tsika mutemo masangano kuti anopa kukura dzakawanda dzaishandiswa mitemo kweupfumi. Vanofanira kuronga izvi kuitira kudzivirira kushandisa kunaka nzira.

mhedziso

Customs Law chinobatanidza nzvimbo chaiyo pakati pemamwe mapazi. vatambi ake anosangana mumwe kuita zvakanakisisa mugumisiro. Vanofanira chengetedza akavhiyiwa zvose pamusoro chokufambisa zvinhu uye zvinhu kunze kwenyika. muviri mumwe nomumwe pamberi yayo basa kuti zvinofanira kuitwa. Zvisinei, zviri zvakafanana kukosha pakusika zvinhu kuti zvinobudirira murau ukama yomuka pakati vanotongwa netsika mutemo. kudyidzana Yakafanira achasika hurongwa kusingadzokeri kuputsika uye kukwanisa kudzivirira ose kutyorwa panguva zvifambiso. Kukosha tsika vakuru nhasi haagoni dzakanaka. Ivo kusarudza kuchengeteka kwedu, nekuti vakatevera zvinhu zvose zviri kupinza muruwa.