Chii hurongwa Nomenclature

Enderana Nomenclature kunotibatsira kudana vamiririri mumakirasi siyana Organic yeimwe. Zvichienderana nhengo imwe boka zvinhu, pane dzimwe nuances ari mazita izvo zvinofanira kutaurwa. Taura pamusoro sei hurongwa Nomenclature zvinoshanda Mahydrocarbon pezvivako siyana, uyewo okisijeni tubhokisi yeimwe.

Kupatsanura pakati Organic yeimwe

Sezvo kabhoni cheni mhando kazhinji yakakamurwa Organic zvinhu kuti cyclic uye acyclic; yakazara uye unsaturated, heterocyclic uye carbocyclic. Akadana acyclic yeimwe asina chivako mu zvinogara dzavo. The kabhoni maatomu ari yeimwe dzakadaro akarongwa dzinotevedzana kuumba yakarurama kana mapazi cheni unclosed.

Govera zvine Mahydrocarbon, vane chete kabhoni zvisungo, uyewo yeimwe multiple (kaviri, katatu) zvisungo.

Nomenclature pamusoro alkanes

Enderana Nomenclature kunosanganisira kushandisa imwe algorithm yezviito. Zvaidiwa nemitemo anobvumira hapana zvikanganiso kupa mazita nomuti Mahydrocarbon. Kana uchida basa, "Kudanwa enderana Nomenclature aronga yeHydrocarbon" zvinokosha kutanga nechokwadi chokuti ndeye boka alkanes. Next unofanira kutarisa sechivako wakarebesa cheni.

Kana kabhoni maatomu pamusana manhamba radicals napedyo kumusoro cheni, nhamba uye zita. Enderana Nomenclature kunosanganisira kushandisa mamwe zvakabatanidzwa, chaiyo uwandu dzakafanana radicals. nzvimbo yavo zvinoratidzwa nhamba, kuziva nhamba, akashevedza radicals. Panguva mukunopera, ndiko refu kabhoni cheni VaGumbo suffix -imba. Somuenzaniso, imwe yeHydrocarbon, CH3-CH2-CH (CH) -CH2-CH3 maitiro Nomenclature anonzi 3-methylpentane.

Nomenclature pamusoro alkenes

zvinhu izvi pamusoro hurongwa Nomenclature anonzi ane kwairayirwa chinoratidza zvokudya vakawanda (kaviri) zvisungo. In Organic wekemisitiri, pane kutevedzana kwezviitiko nezviito, izvo zvinobatsira kupa mazita alkenes. Kutanga muna aronga kabhoni cheni chinorondedzerwa nenzira wakarebesa chinyorwa chine chisungo kaviri. Vakaverengwa carbons chuma rinoitwa kubva kurutivi pedyo pamusoro apo vakawanda chisungo iri. Kana kupa basa: "Chii nyaya nokuti hurongwa Nomenclature", zvinokosha kuona pamberi yaida nemamiriro yeHydrocarbon radicals.

Kana vasiri, dana cheni pacharo, achiwedzera -en suffix, zvichiratidza nzvimbo mufananidzo kwakapetwa kaviri chisungo. For vamiririri unsaturated alkenes, izvo zvinosanganisira radicals avo varipo, unofanira tsanangurai nzvimbo nhamba dzavo, kuwedzera chivakashure chaiyo mari, uye chete ipapo mberi mazita akawanda yeHydrocarbon cheni.

Somuenzaniso, tinofanira kupa musoro mukomboni inotevera mamiriro: CH 2 = CH-CH (CH3) -CH2-CH3. Yandakapiwa Morekuru ane chisungo miviri, mumwe yeHydrocarbon kukuru, zita raro richava sezvinotevera: 3-metilpunten-1.

diene Mahydrocarbon

Kuwanda mukirasi iyi unsaturated Mahydrocarbon kunoratidzwa nedzimwe dzose. Molecules diene yeimwe dzinoratidzwa nokuvapo vaviri miviri zvisungo, saka ari musoro anoratidza nzvimbo neimwe. Heuno muenzaniso remubatanidzwa isiri kirasi ichi, kupa zita.

CH2 = CH-CH = CH2 (1,3 butadiene).

Kana varipo vari Morekuru radicals (active mhando), ipapo nhamba dzinoratidza zvavo chinzvimbo rinosvika maatomu ari mukuru cheni kurutivi rwuri pedyo pamusoro wayo. Kana morekuru vakawanda yeHydrocarbon maatomu rinoshandiswa kana kutaura nezvemabasa chivakashure va-, tri-, tetra-.

mhedziso

Tiine enderana Nomenclature zvinobvira uchipa nezita vamiririri vose makirasi makemikari yeimwe. A mukuru algorithm mabasa kudana achibvumira mimwe yakazara uye unsaturated Mahydrocarbon. For carboxylic acids, izvo aripo ari Kuronga carboxyl dzichipfekeka boka, vakaverengwa chikuru cheni chiitwe nayo.