Chii Pulitzer Prize uye icho paakavapa. Chinozikamwa vakundi of Pulitzer Prize

Nhasi, ari Pulitzer Prize ndechimwe chezvinhu rakakurumbira uye, sezvo zvakaguma munyika zvikuru nomukurumbira mibayiro nhau, photojournalism, mumhanzi, mabhuku uye achiita Arts. Rakanga aifarirwa nemanomwe August 1903 Joseph Pulitzer, uyo aiva muparidzi aizivikanwa American uye wenhau, ane zita ichiri chokuita chidzoke ari "yeyero venhau" yacho Genre.

Dzhozef Pulittser akaberekwa muna April 1847 muHungary. Pashure kutama kusvikira makore namanomwe muUnited States, muna 1878 iye anotenga maviri inozivikanwa pepanhau American - "St. Louis Dispatch" uye "St. Louis Post", uye rinoonekwa nguva nenguva itsva - ". St. Louis Post-Dispatch" Nechokwadi nesimba venhau pamusoro pfungwa dzevanhu, Pulitzer rinoshandisa rayo Ref ichibudiswa kwazvo dzichipesana uye zvakawanda nyaya rine kutsoropodzwa zviito nezviremera. Nokukurumidza, ake neNharireyomurindi akava mumwe kupfuura kunobatsira uye simba kumadokero United States. Muna 1883, iye Anotenga New York World, uye anochinja nawo akakurumbira pepanhau, azere enyika nhau, nechimwe enyaya uye mifananidzo. Kugamuchira kubva pepanhau rokubudisa purofiti Dzhozef Pulittser School of venhau anosika anovamba mubayiro akakurumbira.

Setsika, kuti Pulitzer Prize paakavapa wokutanga Monday muna May nhengo United States pana Columbia University nokuda kunoshamisa kubudirira mune mabhuku uye nhau. kuti shoma mari nokuda nominations dzakawanda zviuru gumi zvamadhora. Oga, kuti category "Nokuti basa munharaunda", uyo weNobel haagamuchiri chete mibayiro mari, asi uyewo ndarama menduru "Nokuti akafanira basa munharaunda."

In zvachose pane pari anenge 25 zvakasiyana nominations, ramakagadzwa 14 vane ukama venhau zvakananga. Gore negore, vainyatsotarisirwa zviri mabhuku mibayiro mu nominations nhanhatu: "Nokuti bhuku ingano rakanyorwa vokuAmerica munyori of America", "Nokuda Biography kana autobiography neMunyori American", "Nokuti bhuku iri nhoroondo USA", "Nokuti yakanakisisa mutambo", "Nokuti nhetembo" uye "Nokuti Non-Fiction." Maererano nhoroondo nemishumo, kuti Pulitzer Prize (bhuku) haana paakavapa kagumi, sezvo vatongi akanga asingakwanisi kuziva chero mabhuku basa, vakakodzera mibayiro.

Nyaya

Sezvambotaurwa, kune Pulitzer Prize akauya 1903, apo akambochera kuda Dzhozefa Pulittsera. Wakatanga paakavapa muna 1917. Maererano chibvumirano pakati Columbia University (pasi auspices of rorusununguko venhau zvinotora nzvimbo negore mubayiro mharidzo) uye Pulitzer, akarirasa chikamu mubayiro ndiwo mari wegore kuti unounza Pulitzer Foundation, yakaumbwa tichiregeredza mbiri miriyoni-mupiro kuyunivhesiti. Saka, gore negore mari mubayiro Fund yaiva zvuru 550 emadhora. Mukuwedzera mipiro pamusoro zvomutengesi, mumwe mari akasikwa 1970, iro kutorwa mamwe mari nokuda kwokuripirwa ichi nomukurumbira mubayiro.

Kuwanda nominations uye mibayiro kubva uyewo chete zvinowedzera pamusoro nguva. Saka, muna 1922, pakutanga akazviratidza mubayiro yakaisvonaka katuni, uye muna 1942 award yakatanga paakavapa nokuda yakanakisisa Photo. Papera chinguva kwakauya nomination nokuda yakanakisisa nziyo uye chinoshamisa chepanzvimbo zvesimba. Mukuwedzera, muna May 2006 pakati Vakwikwidzi nokuti Pulitzer Prize rinofukidza kwete chete bepa, asi yemagetsi basa.

The makwikwi vatongi

Pulitzer Prize paakavapa ne Board wematirastii pakati Columbia University iri migumisiro Advisory Board. Hazvina muviri ichi yedzinza mutsindo inzwi Pakusarudza vakundi. Nhengo Advisory Board ndiko kumisa nzira nokuda mubairo.

Pakutanga, Board kwaisanganisira chete gumi vechikamu asi mid-1990 paiva namanomwe vanhu. To zuva Pulitzer komiti unotora nyanzvi 19, pakati pavo Prize mutariri, shanu vaparidzi kuzivikanwa, mumwe munyori, vapepeti, uye matanhatu masayendisiti matanhatu.

Yemakwikwi mabasa mubayiro komiti iri kuramba pachena kutsoropodzwa. Gore negore vatongi vakagamuchira dzakawanda mhosva pakati kutsvetera uye subjectivity ari awarding pamusoro nomukurumbira mubayiro. Zvisinei, maererano nechido Musiki Pulitzer Prize, kushandura murayiro nzira iyi hazvibviri.

Process Award

Maererano bumbiro mubayiro, nokuti nomination nhau vanofanira kuuya acho bepa muchimiro hapana paya pane rokutanga February gore ano. Nokuti mabhuku mabasa panguva musi uchava wokutanga July rapera nokuda mabhuku, dzakabudiswa kubva January kusvika June; uye November 1 mabhuku akabudiswa kubva July kusvika December.

Sezvineiwo, muchikwata che nhau zvinogona aiti nokuda munhu panguva yose nguva shoma. Chinhu chikuru kuti chikumbiro inopiwa magazini magwaro achisimbisa rworudyi kukwikwidza kuti mubairo. Sezvo mabhuku, Council anofanira kupa makopi zvina nomination Arayirwa mubhuku Zvokukurukura. A nemaitirwo rinoshandiswa uchimutarira vazhinji Russian mabhuku mubayiro. Asi mimhanzi uye kunoshamisa mabasa anogona nominated nokuda mibayiro kwete paya pane rokutanga March gore rino, uye chete nemamiriro kuti nhengo dzose vatongi vanoziva zvavo paruzhinji unongotaura.

Decision iri kupa mubairo yavakawana zvikurukuru akagadzwa University nokuda muchikwata chimwe nechimwe maererano vatongi. Mumwe vatongi uchagadzira pasi matatu musarudzo uye kuzviisa pasi kuna Pulitzer Prize Board. The Council, akavapindurawo, anoongorora mashoko ose pamberi payo, kusanganisira akanyorwa, vanorumbidza uye mabasa nominees, uye ipapo mberi vane kare kwavo panotaurwa kuti kubvumirwa revatungamiriri wematirastii of Columbia University. Matirastii ndiwo Kusarudza Board uye nokukurumidza kunozivisa vakundi, pasina akamirira vakatakura kubva pamutemo mibayiro mhemberero. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti kana nematirastii kana nhengo vatongi Hatigoni kuchinja rakasanangurwa pakati Board. Nhengo dzayo kusarudza awarding upi nominee, zvisinei kunenge ari vatongi. Hapana nematirastii, nhengo vatongi kana Council kurege chikamu muhurukuro kana kuti sarudzo kana mubayiro dzikavatambidza zvinokanganisa zvido. Council nhengo iri shoma zvitatu mashoko nechimwe makore matatu, uye mabasa azara pachivande nokuvhota, izvo zvaida kuti vapinde vose huripo nhengo Board.

Vakundi inozivikanwa vakawanda Pulitzer Prize

Sezvo chidzoke uyu Prize laureates akava yakawanda vanyori venhau, uyo pakati vakapinzwa inozivikanwa uye kwete kuzivikanwa nevoruzhinji vanyori. The weNobel of mubairo rokutanga chaizvo aiva wenhau American Herbert Bayard, uyo akanga paakavapa mubayiro ichi zvakakurumbira kuti nyaya pasi unoti "Inside the German Empire."

Mumakore siyana mubayiro chaiko paakavapa mabasa akadai "Gone ne Mumhepo" by Margaret Mitchell, "The Old Man uye Gungwa" by Ernest Hemingway, uyewo Harper Lee yokufungidzira "Kuuraya munhu Mockingbird." Panguva iyoyowo ruzhinji bhuku yakahwina Pulitzer Prize, kumboiswa pakati zvakanakisisa-vanotengesa, uyewo kugamuchira mubairo Danho Mitambo kumbobvira kupfeka rwakafara Danho.

Kana dzimwe vakundi of Pulitzer Prize, wokutanga nominee yakadaro waiva wenhau Russian Zhenya Borovik ne reportage ake "Room 19" uropi mabasa Institute. Uyewo April 2011, mubayiro akanga paakavapa Anne Politkovskoy kuti hwakadzama enhoroondo hondo muBosnia, muChechnya. Chimwe wenhau Russian - Alexander Zemlyanichenko - maviri-nguva weNobel pamusoro mubayiro nokuda kwayo nhau of Moscow putsch muna 1991 uye Boris Yeltsin mapikicha.

Pulitzer Prize mabhuku. The chikuru zviri award

Sezvambotaurwa, kune Pulitzer Prize mabhuku, mukusiyana kune vakundi mune dzimwe mhando havasi nguva dzose zvakanaka vakaziva vanyori. Kunyange zvazvo pevatongi kazhinji mhosva kusaita zvinhu nomazvo uye kubiridzira. Izvi dzinongoita rakabva chokwadi kuti nhengo dzayo mukanyatsochengeta kutevedza mitemo rakavhomorwa chimuka Joseph Pulitzer, maererano iyo mubayiro ichi, uyewo vamwe mubairo Russian chaiko, paakavapa chete kune vanyori vakatsaurira bhuku ravo roupenyu, uye US nhoroondo.

Kazhinji anoshanda kuti wakagamuchira mibayiro vari zvishoma mabhuku kukosha, zvisinei, zvakarurama uye zvakanaka kutsanangura upenyu iri kure nemaguta kana kuudza Somuenzaniso, pamusoro pachedu zvinetso American kuyaruka. Ndokusaka mashoko mabhuku mibayiro vakakamurwa kwete Genre, uye munguva musimboti. Gore negore vatongi anosarudza ane mabasa mashoma,. Zvakanakisisa kutsanangura chipo uye kare of United States

Kuziva makodzero venhau

Pulitzer Prize venhau - chinonyanya kukosha uye nomukurumbira wokuva American periodicals. Anosanganisira anoverengeka nominations, izvo zvinofungidzirwa sezvo pakukurumidza uye rakavimbika apo rokufukidza zviitiko uye nomupiro pachedu venhau mubasa ravo. Zvinofadza, muchiitiko ichi, award vakundi havasi vanhu, asi bhuku racho rose.

zvichida ichi ndicho oneka Pulitzer Prize. Laureates iyi nyaya iri nguva dzose anozivikanwa pachine, uye kufanotaura Zvaizobuda sarudzo hakuna kuoma. Panguva iyoyowo, vati nomination anoonekwa kuti achiri uye vanyerere dzakawanda chikamu zvinonyadzisa uye kupomerwa. Vatsoropodzi vakawanda vanobvuma kuti laureates vose Mubayiro akagamuchira mibayiro yavo uye chakakodzera kudaro pamutemo.

Music uye Theater

Mumunda mimhanzi Pulitzer Prize iri paakavapa mu uwandu zviuru zvitatu zvemadhora. Zvinonzi paakavapa kuti kunoshamisa basa ne American munyori vakasikwa chero zvikuru nzira. Izvi zvose orchestral, choral chamber nemabasa, operas nezvimwe nziyo.

panewo chinokosha dzidzo iri uwandu zviuru zvishanu zvamadhora kunze mumhanzi mubayiro, izvo paakavapa kuti kunoshamisa vadzidzi rorusununguko venhau, vakaratidza chido dzidzira mumunda mimhanzi, mafirimu, kinotelevizionny kana mabhuku kutsoropodza.

Pulitzer Prize mutambo vane mubayiro mari yakawanda zviuru zvitatu zvemadhora. Vari paakavapa sezvo seane uchenjeri inozivikanwa wekambani uye wechidiki mukuru, kushanda kunoita siyana Genres. Sezvakaita nemabhuku, mabasa mazhinji vakagamuchira mukuru kuziva vatongi, hachizati aratidzwa kuruzhinji uye haana kufanorongwa pamusoro Broadway.

kupfura Award

Pulitzer Prize ari chakakodzera vaiona chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha kuti mifananidzo. Nokuti vazhinji, zvinoreva zvakawanda kupfuura muripo chete mari. Zviri kuziva dhigirii dzavo, kukosha basa zuva nezuva. Panguva iyoyo vakakomba nomination achiri zvashata gakava. Public kufunga kwazvo nharo, uye vanhu vazhinji havana chokwadi kana iri zvose zvakafanira Pulitzer Prize. Photos, izvo zvinonzi paakavapa, kazhinji kuyambuka muganhu kwakajairika art. Vazhinji mabasa chakatsaurwa kuti matambudziko kumucheto nabivshim shoma kuzivikanwa kana kare pamusoro. Nyanzvi kufuka rakazaruka kuratidzwa pachavo mitambo uye akaputsika yemberi yevanhu. Saka, vakawanda mapikicha vakasara pashure pokuona rinorema emadhaka.

Kazhinji vakatsoropodza inozviisa kwete basa chete, asi Photographers pachavo. Vari kupomerwa mhosva kuti vakanga filming ari zvinotyisa zviitiko, pane kubatsira vaya vanoshayiwa. Saka, Somuenzaniso, Kevin Kartar, vakagamuchira mubayiro nokuda nhevedzano mapikicha "Nzara iri Sudan", wairatidza musikana simba nenzara husingagumi condor, vanomirira rufu kwake, vakazviuraya mwedzi miviri chete pashure award.

Award vakundi muna 2014

Namana muna April 2014 zvave kupfupikiswa uye akazivisa mazita varidzi mumwe Pulitzer Prize. Saka, Kumukundi mubayiro mabhuku zvava Donna Tartt wake yokufungidzira "The Goldfinch", iro rinotaura nyaya mukomana gumi, vakadzungaira Manhattan pashure kwamai vake. Basa iri raivawo rokutanga mazita zana mabhuku gore maererano paIndaneti chitoro "Amazon" pakupera 2013 zvakanakisisa.

Theater mubayiro waiva Enni Beyker kutamba ake "Flick", dzaitaurwa category "basa Dramatic". Muna category "Music" mubayiro akanga paakavapa ari Dzhon Lyuter Adams kuti rwiyo "Wana munyanza."

Kana nhau, ari "Public Service" Category mubayiro akaenda mabhuku "The Guardian" uye "The Washington Post", iro kuitwa kuongorora kubudikidza yemabasa US National Security Agency pahwaro magwaro inopiwa Edward Snowden. Muna nomination "The shamisa zvinhu" venhau dzakakundwa imwe bhuku American ( "The Boston Globe"), iyo inotaurwa kuputika uye rwokutsvakurudza zviito panguva Boston Marathon. Best Mishumo dzakawanda akawanikwa kushanda Reuters venhau, ndichizivisa yokutambudzwa vaMuslim munharaunda muMyanmar uye kwevaranda.