Aromorphosis - chii ichi?

Maererano nedzidziso yemhindumupindu, mhuka dzose uye zvirimwa kuripo munyika nhasi vazukuru avo zvinenge chinyakare kuti rinogarwa nyika mamiriyoni emakore akapfuura. Improvement zvipenyu zvinogona kuitika nokuda pezvakaitwa siyana. idioadaptation ichi, uye degeneration, uye aromorphosis. Idioadaptation - mumwe chikuru nhungamiro-shanduka, nemhaka muviri wake zvinoenderana kune chaiyo kwezvakatipoteredza, apo kwete tichaona kuchinja mamiriro ayo. Degeneration kunosanganisira kunyangarika chero mitumbi iri nedanho shanduka. Zvinokwanisika kuchengeta paumbwe zvokuvamba, kureva vakasara nhengo dzine madzitateguru akaita zvinokosha mabasa. Murume, somuenzaniso, semilunar peta yomukati pakona ziso, coccyx, uye zvichingodaro. D. In mirayiridzo iyi shanduka sezvo aromorphosis tichakurukura munyaya ino zvizere.

Chii?

Aromorphosis - pakava yechivako chacho muviri mukufamba shanduka kuvandudza kushanda kwayo. Izvi zvinosanganisira Somuenzaniso, panowanikwa pabonde kubereka, zvipuka zvine masero akawanda, teplokrovnosti, kaviri muchangosangana mune miti, uye zvichingodaro. D. Through iyi, akaumba kudaro siyana Biosphere nyika.

Mabviro upenyu uye vokutanga aromorphoses

Emakore apfuura penyanza upenyu aberekwa, uye zvinenge vokutanga panyika dzine celled prokaryotes. masero zvavakaprofita chinyakare chimiro, haana kuva kwavo Kuronga neerekitironi organelles zhinji kuti vari eukaryotes. Era, umo makanga zvipenyu zviduku vokutanga, yainzi Archean. It anofukidza nguva kubvira 4 kusvika bhiriyoni 2,5 akapfuura. Panguva Archean Earth achiri asina zvakadai sezvatinoona zvino ari muchadenga ane anenge asina okisijeni, kwakange chete kondinendi imwe panyika yakanga isati upenyu, nyika gaseous hamvuropu iri nyika yakanga zvikuru gobvu, uye saka pemvura It akawira zvishoma mushana.

Kubvira panguva iyi, kunyange yokutanga cyanobacteria akazviratidza akaita imwe algae chete-celled, iyo vachagara Earth akazotevera, asi vakanga vachiri prokaryotes. Asi zvinenge izvi vakanga vasisiri heterotrophs sezvo wokutanga utachiona vagere pasi, uye autotrophs, vaikwanisa zuva simba, carbon dioxide nemvura synthesize zvinovaka muviri yavo. Zvinogona kutaurwa kuti kwaita photosynthesis - munhu aromorphosis, izvo zvakapa kuti riwedzere nokuda pakuzadzisa upenyu Panyika. Nokuti kuti zvinenge vakatanga kushandisa izvi kuti pave Organic zvinokuvadza, mhepo vakava zvishoma nezvishoma vafumiswa pamwe oxygen.

The chidzoke uye kugadzira miti

Tinogona kutaura kuti zvinomera vokutanga vaiva cyanobacteria yakaumbwa muna Archean nguva, sezvo vaikwanisa photosynthesis. Pakuzadzisa umambo hunosanganisira paumbwe zvipenyu vasisiri chaiva sero rimwe chete. The kwaita zvipuka zvine masero akawanda zvipenyu - nayo aromorphosis, iyo, pamwe kwaita photosynthesis ndiwo mazita inokosha. Nokuda kuchinja uku zvibvire kukura zvipenyu, paumbwe ushe zvikuru kuti zviripo kusvikira nhasi. Red uye mitema algae zvave rinoparadzirwa yose ari Proterozoic yaitonga, kuguma Ordovician nguva isati iri Paleozoic yaitonga , ndivo chete miti kukura Panyika.

Zvibereko zvokutanga zvenyika zvinenge

Munguva Silurian nguva paiva inokosha aromorphosis miti - ndiye chidzoke ari spore wokutanga, Rhyniophyta. Fani iyi inogona kunzi sezvo zvikuru, sezvo zvinenge ava vapinda munyika vagare panyika uye isina kudzika mvura.

vari zvakare Chokwadi, ndivo miti vokutanga kuti mutumbi Aimiririrwa navakapukunyuka, kwete thallus akafanana algae. Makore mamiriyoni 410 apfuura Rhyniophyta kare nyanzvi nyika uye rinoparadzirwa ndokuwarira pamusoro munharaunda panyika. Panguva imwe chete iyoyo, iyo Silurian, nemhaka zvinomera iri mhepo kare raiva okisijeni yakakwana kuvapo mhuka nyika yokutanga. Akatevera rinokosha aromorphosis - ndiye chidzoke zvinomera kubva mbeu pachinzvimbo spores. Saka pakanga gymnosperms. Aromorphosis - ndiye pakuonekwa ruva uye muchero inotungamirwa angiosperms.

First aromorphoses mhuka

In kufanana kukura chirimwa umambo panzvimbo haana kumira uye shanduka hwemhuka nyika. Tanga aromorphosis - ndiko kwaita germinal machira maviri uye TOUR symmetry kwemhuka zvipuka zvine masero akawanda. Saka kuumbwa coelenterates, izvo zvinosanganisira korari sechipanji, muramba uye zvichingodaro. D.

mhuka yokutanga panyika

Zvadaro muna zvinenge yakaonekwa wechitatu embryo mashizha - mesoderm, uyewo bilateral symmetry muviri, kuumbwa tsandanyama rinenge huta uye excretory nehurongwa. maitiro aya ose pakubhadhara zvakadai sandarara uye annelids, izvo kuva danho rinotevera-shanduka emhuka. First vaigara mumvura, uye akazova mhuka wokutanga vakasiiwa panyika. Nokuda kwohumwe Aromorphosis zvinosanganisira paumbwe imwe hunyambiri-kamuri,-mukamuri matatu, uye ipapo mana chambered mwoyo, kaviri akaparadzirwa, panowanikwa zvakadai nhengo sezvo neitsvo. Chimwe aromorphosis chikuru ndicho pakuonekwa Chord uye mberi paumbwe musana uye yose zvetsandanyama nemapfupa hurongwa.

Warm-bloodedness - nayo aromorphosis, riri rimwe anokosha munhoroondo shanduka. Akashumira somunhu zvakasimbisa pakuzadzisa shiri uye nyika mhuka. mhuka rokutanga kuti nhaka kwoushamwari-ropa rechiJudha chairo, paiva dinosaurs, izvo aripo kubva pakutanga Triassic nguva Mesozoic yaitonga, uye mhuka neshiri-seyokutanga - Archeopteryx. fuma iyi akanga kuchinja akadai chimiro minhenga, beaks tinoberekwa shiri. Zvino paiva maumbirwo dzemakwai, asi placenta mune dzimwe mhando fauna of - saka paiva mhuka. Nokuda dziri munyaya ino aromorphoses rine zvose zviripo parizvino mhando uye makirasi mhuka.