Public zvimbuzi: tsanangudzo mhuka. Public zvimbuzi muMoscow

Kwenguva refu mumaguta pakanga pasina mapaipi dzakazara. Tsvina zvinowanzotaurwa akandwe mumugwagwa, izvo, sezvingatarisirwa, kunotungamirira kwete chete kune kugara kunhuwa uye tsvina, asiwo kuti pave chakakomba zvinotapuriranwa, dzimwe nguva achikura kuva chaizvo dambudziko.

Saka, basa reDare wokutanga zvimbudzi, haagoni dzakanaka. Havana chete kubvumirwa kubvisa mumigwagwa mumaguta makuru, asi akaponesawo chaizvoizvo upenyu hwevanhu vakawanda.

A Nhoroondo shoma

Yokutanga zvimbuzi paruzhinji akazviratidza Russia chete muzana remakore rechi19. Somuenzaniso, muSt Petersburg muna 1871, imba yembudzi kunzi "retiradnik" yakavakwa pedyo Mikhailovsky Manege. Yaiva imba yakavakwa pamusoro imwe cesspool, umo kuisa duku Russian kudziyisa chitofu.

Kubudirira akafuridzirwa, uye gare gare vakuru guta akavaka 42 zvakawanda zvakafanana chimbuzi. Vose dzakazova kunzvimbo vakaungana mukuru nhamba yevanhu - pamisika, nechepakati dunhu reguta, dzinoungana nemapaki. Initiative zvishoma vakanhonga nemamwe maguta Russian.

Mhando zvimbudzi (dzinongoitika)

Zvichienderana nzira, iyo anobvisa tsvina, zvinotevera mhando zvimbudzi - chaivo, makemikari zvimbuzi, zvemakemikari uye tsvina.

1. Munzvimbo pasina centralized pombi dzinotakura tsvina, akabudirira ishande anonzi dzinongoitika zvimbuzi. Dzinomirira mumwe mudanga diki, kuvakwa cesspool. Kuti izvi zvidaro, zviri pamusoro uriri ane slotted buri mariri (ochkom), izvo unoda uye defecate. To dumba kuuya matsva mhepo iri pamukova kazhinji kuita diki pokubuda napo. Faeces pamwe nenyika kana peat nenguva kusaswa kuvandudza kubudiswa kwavakabva uye kuderedza zvimwe hachifadzi hwunonhuhwira. A zadzai sump nguva kusuka kushandisa tsvina rori kana manually.
2. In biotoilets nokuti marara akashandisa peat, zvawakabudiswa nazvo zviri zvishoma nezvishoma dzikwanise mufudze, fetiraiza yakakodzera zvinomera. Kusiyana neizvi, zvemakemikari zvimbuzi anoshandisa tsvina kushandisa makemikari uye saka vanosarudza kushandisa Somuenzaniso, vachivaka nzvimbo kana panguva mitambo.
3. Mapaipi zvimbuzi - ndicho anozviita nzvimbo centralized pombi dzinotakura tsvina, izvo zvinoita kuti kubvisa fecal nyaya kubva mvura ano.

Zvinodiwa kuti placement ose zvimbudzi

Kukura maguta inoda kuwedzera uwandu paruzhinji restrooms. The kuvakwa kwezvivako izvi vanoda chakakomba nzira, izvo zvinofanira kufunga kwete chete placement, asi simba zvakakwana (zvinonzi aidavira kuti 1000 kunofanira 0.3 chikwata).

Kana afunge kukura hunodiwa kuti zvinoenderana zvimwe neruzhinji restrooms, iro rakatanga kubva chokwadi kuti mumwe nomumwe mashekeri usaba asingasviki 2.5 m, uye nokuda mumwe nomumwe secondary - kwete asingasviki 1.5 metres nharaunda. Urefu 3.2 mamita achipfeka Improvement akaparadzana zvivakwa, uye wakaiswa kana mumigodhi zvivako izvozvo Hachifaniri asingasviki 2.8 m.

Apo unogona kuposita zvimbudzi

Ushandiswe zvimwe mitemo uye kuti nzvimbo unogona kuposita paruzhinji restrooms.

Saka, maererano utsanana zvinodiwa mudziyo wavo mudzimba, muzvikoro uye kindergartens, uyewo zvivako zvezvivako waizoitwa kurapwa uye kudzivirira kana kuti utsanana uye-ruripo sangano, hazvibvumirwi.

Zvimbuzi munzvimbo paruzhinji zvivako, achitora vazhinji vashanyi vari kuisa ari chinhambwe hapana zvinopfuura 75 M kubva kupfuura kure nenzvimbo vanhu kugara. Uye nhandare, daro ichi haafaniri kupfuudza mamita 150 kubva panzvimbo yemitambo kana kumagumisiro nzvimbo pacho.

Mobile chimbuzi cabins igadzikwe hapana pedyo kupfuura 50 metres kubva kuruzhinji uye dzinogarwa zvivako. chinodiwa kwakadaro, nenzira, zvinoshanda mira zvimbuzi.

Pakunzi zvimbudzi

Kuratidza mumwe chimbuzi ari padare, mumaguta akasiyana uye nyika vanoshandisa zviratidzo zvakasiyana. Kuwedzera akanyorwa "WC", muEurope kunogona tsamba WC (rakapfupikiswa mvura kabati).

Uye mumahotera zvimbudzi zviri riri pauriri nerimwe, akasarudzwa gs, izvo zvinoreva - muimba ino ine asingachaverengeki. Zvisinei, vakawanda vanofunga kuti chinyorwa ichi rakabva British Army, umo saka yakanyorwa zvimbudzi navatariri (Officers Only).

Uyezve, mune zvimbudzi matavi yakafanana notation inoshandiswa varume nevakadzi - "M" uye "W" kana "M" uye «W» (muna Chirungu shanduro). Mune zvimwe zviitiko, panzvimbo chaiyo vaishandisa mifananidzo kana mifananidzo chokuita zvokungokubatai chimbudzi dingindira, mueni upi pasi.

Public zvimbuzi nokuti vanhu kana pabonde

Munguva ichangopfuura, vakawanda restrooms regai kureva chechikadzi kusiyana zvevashanyi dzavo. Kuti uri panzvimbo waizoitwa ichi mhando yebasa, zvikuru kashoma kuona zvinoratidza kuti ichi zvimbudzi varume kana vakadzi.

kuchinja izvi zvinokonzerwa nokuti mukana kushanyira restrooms chete zvimwe Vanhurume nevanhukadzi pave zvimwe zvinetso. Somuenzaniso, varume bedzi kutarisira mwana, vangaona kuti kuchinja tafura inowanikwa chete mumba pavasikana '. Baba kukura vasikana vanogona vanotarisanawo dambudziko - kana kubvumira mwana muduku kuenda vakadzi kumativi, kana kutora nemi kuvanhu. Bvumiranai iye nevamwe nzira iri zvakaenzana asinganyatsoita.

Zvimbuzi nokuti aroorane kuvaka hombe yokumirira apo unogona kugeza maoko ako uye kuchenesa nguo, uye pamwe mukamuri, apo namahwindo mudanga. Izvi zvinobvumira varume navakadzi vasingazomutswi nyadza mumwe.

Plumbing nokuti zvimbudzi

kuti utsanana michina zvinodiwa zvimbudzi Hazvirevi vangani vashanyi panguva imwe chete vari akagadzirirwa - chinofanira vandal-uchapupu uye nyore kuchenesa.

Uye zvikuru nevanhu panyaya iyi ndiyo chimbuzi kuti zvimbudzi - mbiya "kuGenoa". Zviri rectangular rakavapo kukandira simbi, simbi kana Ceramics, chaizvo pakadzika nokuda tsoka uye inokwana elongated pakati, zvichireva squatting. Izvi undoubted zvakwakanakira sezvo mushanyi hakudi kubata pemvura chinhu kunze shangu.

Kusiyana nezvimwe mhando chimbuzi mbiya "kuGenoa" ndezvechokwadi uye ane refu chaizvo munguva kushandiswa.

Zvimbuzi zvinogona rakanaka

Mazuvano, zvimbudzi zviri zvishoma nezvishoma kurega nzvimbo uko Ndinoda kusvetuka kubva nokukurumidza sezvinobvira. Mumaguta akawanda munyika yose, zvivako izvi zvava mapurani varipo.

• Saka, muna Tel Aviv (Israeri) kunofadza ziso kumativi Orange matumba, zvakawanda sezvinoita maranjisi pane zvimbudzi. Uye muna Flughafen (Poland), nhoroondo cheguta yakange yakashongedzwa akagadzira akafanana kuderera mvura, iro chichinyatsobatanidzwa sezvaiita yomunharaunda munuhwi.
• ezvivako Japanese makasika 17 mhando zvimbudzi nokuda Hiroshima mumapaki, akaita sezvinoita Kurumi, asi akadurura nekongiri. Ivo kupendwa namavara inopenya uye ndiwo nzvimbo kushongedzwa.
• Uye muna Uster (Switzerland) chimbuzi chakafanana kuutio akafukidzwa scaly nyoka ganda. Izvi zvazviri kunokwanisika, zvakanyatsobatana anenge 300 mavara akasiyana noruvara rwegirini aruminiyamu rinoparadza.
• Chimbuzi pakati Austin (Texas, USA) iri pedyo mukoto, iro akasarudzwa voga dzokumhanya. Zvinoita zvakawanda sezvinoita kuisa pamapuranga kupfuura chimbuzi, saka kuti zvinonyatsoenderana zvakakwana kupinda akapoteredza nzvimbo.
• Uye pamahombekombe nharaunda yose Wellington (New Zealand) zvimbuzi Dzakafanana zvegungwa pamwe pleated miswe mirefu. miswe izvi, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, ndivo dzinongoitika kufefetedza kune musha.
• Asi vakadzi vakawanda yakanaka inogona kunzi chimbuzi panguva Theater Shoei Tabuchi (USA). Anotsvaka zvakawanda sezvinoita kwoumbozha mukamuri yamambo, akazara nemaruva. Magirazi zvino yakaitwa muna muhombe puranga endarira, uye vanoda kuti kuzorora, pane kunyange Rocking chair.

Asi zvimbudzi hakuna kukwana

Asi, maererano UN, zuva, vanhu vanenge mabhiriyoni 2,5 munyika vanotambura kubva kushayikwa zvimbudzi. Uyezve, mudonzvo sangano aibvuma yainzi mamiriro ezvinhu ari pedyo nemafashamo.

Pashure pezvose, kunyange apo restrooms vari, ivo vari zvinotyisa ezvinhu kakawanda, ndokusaka vanhu vanoishandisa vari pangozi utano. Navakadzi navana, vachishanyira zvimbudzi, kazhinji mumhirizhonga mavari. Somugumisiro, vanhu vakawanda vanomanikidzwa defecate munzvimbo haana wakanyatsokodzera ichi, icho zvechokwadi ane kunambwa ari epidemiological uye zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza mamiriro ezvinhu munyika.

Public zvimbuzi muMoscow

Kwete zvagara zviri mupfungwa iyi, uye Moscow. Visitors, uye vagari veguta pacharo rakaoma zvikuru kuwana nzvimbo kuvasunungura pachavo. Pashure pezvose, vazhinji raivapo zvimbudzi inongova asazivikanwa. Kwavari hakuna kushambadza chete, asi kunyange uye kucherechedzwa zviratidzo. Zviri pachena, izvi rinotsanagurwa ndechokuti mudonzvo uri zvachose vasingafariri kuwedzera nevashanyi.

Kubvira munenge 90 muna Moscow vakaunzwa zvitema epurasitiki chimbuzi cubicles (zvimbuzi inotakurika yainzi nokusaziva). Vazhinji vavo vakaisa zvishoma nezvishoma kushanda Entrepreneurs. Uye kunyange kubatsira zvimbuzi yakadaro pachena - vava Mobile, musatora nzvimbo zvikuru, muri chipa uye tsime inobhadhara woga mukati vaviri mwedzi - vachiri hakukuringani guta guru. Izvi pakupedzisira inotungamirira pakuti "cabins yebhuruu" vari kukurumidza kuva unusable nzvimbo.

Kugadzirisa mamiriro dzinonzi zvimbuzi zvitsva modular, izvo 2013 vakatanga kuonekwa muMoscow. Vari vakapakata nechiedza, mvura inopisa, rinozvichenesa mugadziriro, sipo, girazi uye kunyange "kutya bhatani", iyo unogona kumapurisa kana amburenzi.

Mashoko mashoma mhedziso

Zvikurukuru pamusoro sei rehabilitated zvimbudzi zvinogona kutongwa nenhanho nemagariro uye kukura ehurumende.

Kuti vagutse zvavo vasiri zvinodiwa hwomutambarakede ezvinhu - ichi ndicho chiratidzo hanya vagari. Uye kuti, sezvo vagari ndivo pfuma Kuchengetedzwa uye dzigadziridzwe runyararo masangano akadaro, unogona kuudza zvakawanda pamusoro kurerwa zvavo, dzidzo uye tsika utsanana. Sorry kana zvimbudzi mune zvisingafadzi.