Chii Mac? Maximum bvumidzwa Kuwanda zvinokuvadza mudenga

MPC Zvinosvibisa - ndiyo bvumidzwa akakoshesa kusvibisa makemikari zviri ivhu, mvura kana mhepo usingabereki kukanganisa - isakarurama zvakananga kana kuti zvisina kunanga - on zvipenyu. Tsika iri rakakodzera dzakabatana takatsunga ne toxicological zvidzidzo.

Zvinoitwa MPC somunhu mita

Chii Mac mu zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza murau? Ndiro huru chinoratidza maindasitiri ikoroji, wakatungamirira zvose maindasitiri mabhizimisi. Mac tsika zvinhu mumichero uye rakabudiswa mhando kwemakemikari marongerwo uye toxicological zvinosuruvarisa zvipenyu. Chiripo mamiriro mitemo, zvaidiwa iri fanira.

Zvichienderana zvakatipoteredza, rine zvinokuvadza, akayera mu MPC:

• MG / dm they ³ - kuyera ari hydrosphere;
• MG / m ³ - nokuyerwa mumhepo uye mhepo rwekuita nzvimbo;
• MG / makirogiramu - kuziva indekisi muvhu.

Kana kupera muganhu tsika kufunga tigume kwete chete pane vanhu asiwo vose zvipenyu zvavo. Pamutemo zvaidiwa anogona kuponesa mararamiro yose, kwete munhu mhando fauna of uye kasvisto.

kupatsanura

MPC pamusoro zvinokuvadza, zvichienderana mwero nezvainoita zvipenyu zviri akakamurwa 4 Muvuti Categories:

1. I kirasi - ngozi kwazvo.
2. Kirasi II - ngozi chaizvo.
3. III kirasi - ngozi.
4. IV kirasi - mwero ngozi.

Zvichienderana nenhumbi dzinosvibisa mapoka njodzi, ikachinja Mac uye dzokugara nguva zvakatipoteredza zvipenyu pamberi makemikari.

Mhando dzakasiyana-siyana MPC

Zvichienderana dzekuziva kuti kwezvakatipoteredza kupima wakasuduruka MPC tsika dzakawanda.

Kuti govera nyika dzakabudirira zones:

• MPCwa - inoshandiswa kuongorora utano ezvinhu chadenga kwekushanda nzvimbo. The kushanda munzvimbo - imwe nzvimbo umo vashandi vari basa kuitika 2 metres pamusoro papuratifomu. The coefficient inotaura huwandu Zvinosvibisa mudenga, haakonzeri chero abnormalities utano hwevanhu kuti emakore.
• PDKp.p. - kunovasiyanisa maindasitiri zvinomera kana uri yoga nzvimbo. Kazhinji, sezvo mutengo achitora kukosha 0.3 MPCwa

For mumadhorobha nzvimbo, pane zvimwe zvinodiwa kuti zvakapoteredza ratinoona ezvinhu, zvakatemwa ne zvinhu zvinotevera:

• PDKn.p. - mari zvinobvumidzwa contaminant iri kuitika musha. Vachiravana, paavhareji zuva kusunungurwa rates kufadza kuroorwa kusvibiswa.
• PDKm.r. - uwandu contaminant mumhepo mumadhorobha dzoga, kunonyanyisa mashoko chinonzi nokuda chete inhalation. Coefficient rinowanikwa kuti fuma haakonzeri maitiro makemikari kuitika nokuda pfupi kuona (anenge maminitsi 20).
• PDKs.s. - vanogadzirisa huwandu zvinokuvadza ari wevasungwa risina simba wakakomba utano hwevanhu, akapa wachi inhalation.

Zvinofanira kunzwisiswa kuti kushanda nzvimbo dzakadaro dzomumaguta uye MPC. MPCwa Vakaverenga kubva anotevera kutanga mashoko:

• vari mumamiriro ezvinhu rasvibiswa vari vakuru vane utano hwakanaka;
• gara mashoma kuti basa description, uye kazhinji hapana kupfuura 8 maawa.

Zvinokuvadza ari mumhepo iri musha kunyatsobatsira mumwe mugari: mukuru kana mwana, vanorwara kana utano, kana zviri kumativi wachi uye kuramba muupenyu. Somugumisiro, nokuti zvakafanana Zvinosvibisa zvinogona vakatsunga zvikuru vakasiyana mumwe tsika kunonyanyisa bvumidzwa kuwanda. Yemanyorero MPC coefficient rwekuita nzvimbo iri kumusoro zvikuru PDKn.p.

Pakusarudza muganhu tsika mumvura uye ivhu

Chii kufadza bvumidzwa Kuwanda reservoirs? Zviri isingachinji mureza pfungwa yacho dzinosvibisa pa 1 fő mvura. Coefficient tsika takatsunga yoga mumwe mhando Dam. Kusiyanisa mvura hove-zvoupfumi, kunwa uye mudzimba zvinangwa.

Kutsunga MPC ose Zvinosvibisa muvhu - kupfuura rakaoma. Vakaverenga inobva ivhu zvivako uye makemikari hunhu zvinokuvadza. Zviratidzi anoramba zvakasiyana, uye tafura netsika mumwe dzinosvibisa yeimwe asina wakatorwa.

Kupiwa kunonyanyisa bvumidzwa kuwanda yokuwana hunhu

Chii kufadza bvumidzwa wevasungwa kwemakemikari yeimwe, kana mumwe mumiririri anogona kuita zvakasiyana?

Nokuti hurongwa kupatsanura anokuvadza makemikari emit mapoka anoverengeka mamirire zvinhu nezvainoita nhengo mupenyu, kunyanya munhu:

• mukuru chepfu;
• kunetsa;
• sensitizers;
• carcinogens;
• mutagens;
• bata pamuviri utano.

boka rimwe nerimwe dzinoratidzwa dzakananga nezviratidzo nomuchetura, nguva ichaitika nezviito uye yaiwana MPCs.

Utachiona ane vakawanda chepfu nomugumisiro

Common zvinokachidza kukonzera kwazvo chepfu yose muviri. The kutyorwa zvikuru pachena kuoneka maererano huta vanhu maitiro: kune kugwinha, kuziva zvinetso, rutivi rwomuviri. Boka zvinhu zviri zvavo zvinokachidza zvinosanganisira zvinonhuwirira Mahydrocarbon vavo nitro uye amido nomukaka, makemikari phosphorus yeimwe, kuiisa chlorine, uyewo vamwe inorganic yeimwe.

Vakawanda vavo:

• Arsenic aro yeimwe;
• benzene, toluene, aniline, xylene;
• dichloroethane;
• HG;
• Kunoichi;
• kabhoni oxide (IV).

Chirwere vazhinji zvinhu rinowanikwa kwete mukugadzira asiwo muupenyu hwezuva nezuva.

MPC mudenga zvayo zvine chepfu

Funga avhareji zuva kuita uye chimwe Mac mudenga uye omumaguta nokushanda nzvimbo. Zvivanakire uye zvakajeka, mashoko anotaurwa tabular chimiro.

Avhareji Kuwanda zvinokuvadza inosanganisira kudyidzana pamwe muviri kwemakore pasina kukura chero mugumisiro.

Action muchishungurudza makemikari

Makemikari kukanganisa ganda, mucous membranes uye kufema turakiti. Kazhinji, basa muchishungurudza zvinhu vanoita halogens uye oxides ose senitrogen nesarufa.

Mazhinji inhalation pamusoro vapor migumisiro zvakakomba kufema zvinetso, kudhaka uye rufu.

Sensitizers uye MPC mhepo

Zvinhu sensitizing kushanda kuita kuti sema maitiro muvanhu. By zvakafanana yeimwe veboka iri zvinosanganisira aldehydes uye hexachloran.

Sensitizers akasunungura mumhepo panguva combustion uye maindasitiri mabasa. A shoma formaldehyde asunungurwa uye kumba: inowanikwa zhinji pakuvaka uye kupedzisa zvokuvakisa, fenicha.

Carcinogens uye mutagens

The boka kupfuura ngozi kwemakemikari tsvina izvo rokuchinja muviri kwenguva refu kurerutswa nguva,. Carcinogens uye Mutagens - simba zvinhu pamwe refu Isimba rakadini rinogona kubudiswa munguva chiito. By carcinogens zvinosanganisira asbestos, beryllium, benzpyrene, zvinonhuwirira amines. Ivo kutsamwisa paumbwe siyana nyanyisa anomera.

Mutagens vanotsamwisa kuchinja kwevanhu genotype, izvo chakasvitswa mwana. Izvi zvinosanganisira radioactive zvinhu, manganese, kutungamirira, makemikari peroxides uye formaldehyde.

Vazhinji mutagenic zvinhu anowedzera sei nhengo dzokubereka utano, uye anosanganisira benzene uye chero nomukaka yaro, kutungamirira, namavara akanaka, manganese, mishonga yokuuraya zvipembenene, chloroprene uye nevamwe.