Nitric oxide (I, II, III, IV, V): Properties, Preparation, kushanda

ziviso

Kana isu kunyatsoongorora zviri senitrogen mu periodic patafura D. zvine maatomu akafanana I. Mendeleeva, tinogona kuona kuti ine shanduka Valencia. Izvi zvinoreva kuti senitrogen rinoumbwa wandei binary yeimwe pamwe oxygen. Vamwe vavo akasvinudzwa ichangopfuura, uye vamwe - Akaongorora kureba uye upamhi. Kune havaratidzi yakatsiga uye nemishonga senitrogen oxides. The kwemakemikari ehupfumi nerimwe yeimwe izvi zvakasiyana nokure, zvisinei yavo kudzidza zvinofanira sechinoitika kanenge kashanu senitrogen oxides. Ndizvo pamusoro pavo uye ichakurukurwa yanhasi nyaya.

Nitric oxide (I)

Formula - N ₂ O. Dzimwe nguva zvinogona kudana oksonitridom senitrogen, dinitrogen oxide, nitrous oxide kana kuseka gasi.

ehupfumi

Under zvavo ezvinhu aimiririra Hauoneki gasi rine chinonhuhwira. Rinogona kuiparadza mvura, panyaya iyi, Eteri, uye sulfuric acid. Kana gazobrazny oxide monovalent senitrogen kudziyirwa mukamuri tembiricha pasi kumanikidzwa 40 atmospheres, izvozvo condenses kuti Hauoneki zvokunwa. Izvi oxide nesoleobrazuyuschy uchiora panguva muchidziisa uye kuratidza pacharo ari maitiro ari kuderedza zvaanoda.

mutambo

oxide ichi chakaumbwa kana nenharo wakaoma Ammonium nitrate. Chimwe nzira gadziriro yayo - chafariz manyowa nezvakavhenganiswa "+ sulfamic nitric asidhi".

kunyoresa

Kushandiswa senzira inhalation yokutindivadza, zvokudya indasitiri anoziva oxide uyu chirungiso E942. Naro uyewo anovandudza hwokugadzira unhu yomunyika combustion injini.

Nitric oxide (II)

Formula - NO. It kunoitika pasi mazita senitrogen monoxide, senitrogen monoxide uye nitrosyl kukuru

ehupfumi

Under kwomuzvarirwo ezvinhu, ine chimiro Hauoneki gasi iri havaratidzi soluble mumvura. Zvakaoma liquefy, asi yakasimba uye mvura inoti, fuma iyi yebhuruu ruvara. oxide Izvi zvinogona oxidized ne mumhepo okisijeni

mutambo

Its runako nyore kuwana, rinofanira neshungu kuti 1200-1300 ^{° C} musanganiswa senitrogen uye okisijeni. Murabhoritari mamiriro, zvinonzi kuumbwa pakarepo pamusoro kuedza akawanda:

• Zvingaitwa zvemhangura uye 30% nitric asidhi mhinduro.
• Zvakaitwa pakati ferric chloride, yavaibvisa nitrite uye hydrochloric acid.
• Zvingaitwa nitrous uye hydriodic acids.

kunyoresa

Uyu ndiwo mumwe zvinhu iro nitric acid.

Nitric oxide (III)

Formula - N ₂ O _3. Uyewo, anogona kunzi nitrous anhydride uye senitrogen sesquioxide.

ehupfumi

Chaiye ezvinhu imvura ine rebhuruu ruvara, sapamazuva mureza - Hauoneki gasi. oxide Kwakachena ariko chete yakasimba mamiriro.

mutambo

It chakaumbwa zvokuverengera 50% nitric asidhi uye yakasimba oxide kuti trivalent Arsenic (zvingadarowo kuti kutsiva starch).

kunyoresa

With ichi zvinhu murabhoritari akagadzira nitrous asidhi uye ayo munyu.

Nitric oxide (IV)

Formula - NO _2. Uyewo, anogona kunzi kana shava senitrogen yakasviba gasi.

ehupfumi

Zvapedzisira zita unoenderana mumwe zvivako zvayo. Pashure oxide ichi ane chimiro shava kana matsvuku yellowish gasi kana mvura. Iye dzinoratidzwa yakakwirira reactivity.

mutambo

oxide Izvi zvinoberekwa zvokuverengera nitric asidhi uye mhangura, uyewo panguva chafariz manyowa ari vatungamirire nitrate.

kunyoresa

With unobereka sulfuric uye nitric asidhi oxidized mvura propellant uye vakavhengana zvinoputika.

Nitric oxide (V)

Formula - N ₂ O _5. Inogona kuitika pasi mazita dinitrogen pentoxide, nitrate kana senitrogen nitroila anhydride.

ehupfumi

It ane chimiro kugadzikana uye betsvetnyh chaizvo crystals. Vangave vavhunduka imwe tembiricha kuti 32,3 ^C.

mutambo

oxide ichi chakaumbwa akawanda siyana:

• Kupera mvura mumuviri kuti nitric oxide kuti pentavalent phosphorus acid.
• Transmittance yakaoma kuiisa chlorine pamusoro sirivha nitrate.
• Zvingaitwa ozone pamwe nitric oxide tetravalent.

kunyoresa

Nemhaka Kusagadzikana rayo kwakanyanyisa zvayo yakachena chimiro haisi kushandiswa.

mhedziso

In wekemisitiri, pane vapfumbamwe senitrogen oxides, pamusoro apa dziri chete chaiwo yeimwe kuti maatomu akafanana izvi. The dzimwe ina - iri, sezvo kare ambotaurwa, kusagadzikana zvinhu. Zvisinei, vose zvavo vakabatanidzwa mumwe kuchiitwa - kumusoro toxicity. Choutsi kuti senitrogen oxides mumhepo kukonzera kuderera kwezvirongwa zvoutano mhenyu pedyo maindasitiri namakemikari miti vanhu. Kusvibisa Zviratidzo mune chimwe izvi zvinhu - chepfu pulmonary edema, nyonganyonga yacho nechepakati tsinga uye kurasikirwa neropa, mhosva iyo - nokusungwa hemoglobin. Saka pamwe oxides ose senitrogen anofanira kugadziriswa nokungwarira, uye kazhinji kacho kushandisa unodzivirira michina.