Hunhu remagineti nerukudzo. Ampere kwakaita pfungwa nezvokuva remagineti

Mumakore 50 apfuura, mapazi ose nesayenzi vachinge vafamba nokukurumidza mberi. Asi wakati averenga yakawanda magazini nezvokuva remagineti nerukudzo, tinogona kugumisa kuti munhu anotova mibvunzo kupfuura kare.

Hunhu remagineti nerukudzo

All pachena uye yakajeka kuti zvinhu akakanda vakakwira nokudonha pasi. Chii Kunokwezva navo? Zvinokuchengetedzai kufunga kuti vari kutorwa nevamwe nemauto vasingazivikanwi. Avo mauto chete vakadanwa - dzinongoitika negiravhiti. Tapedza vanofarira nemamiriro yakawanda makakatanwa, kufungidzira, zvekungofungira uye mibvunzo. Chii hunhu remagineti? Ndezvipi rinokweva nemafungu? Somugumisiro matambudziko avari aumba? In zvinooneka zvakasikwa uye kakawanda? Sei ivo tinzwe zvakatipoteredza uye pamusoro mumwe nomumwe yoga? Sei zvakanaka unogona kushandisa Fani iyi vabatsirwe yebudiriro?

Pfungwa remagineti

Mukutanga namapfumbamwe remakore yefizikisi Hans Christian Oersted vawana remagineti ane Magetsi. Izvi zvaiita kuti tisafunge kuti hunhu remagineti hunonyatsobatana remagetsi, iyo yakaumbwa mukati nerimwe zviripo maatomu. The mubvunzo unomuka, chii chaigona kutsanangurwa hunhu pano remagineti?

Today akawana kuti minda rinobva muna magnetized zvinhu zvinobva zvikurukuru maerekitironi izvo akaramba kuita majana kumativi ayo akabatana uye kumativi mwoyo weatomu ano.

It yagara dzakatangwa kuti sechisina musoro kufamba maerekitironi chinhu zvemagetsi kuitika chaiye uye ndima yacho kunokonzera nucleation remagineti. Kuti muchidimbu chikamu ichi, tinogona zvakachengeteka kutaura kuti maerekitironi nokuda kufamba kwavo mukati kunyongana kwaiva kumaruwa maatomu intra vaunze dzenzvimbo izvo zvaizoitawo kutsigira nucleation simba remagineti.

Asi chii chakaita kuti muzvinhu zvakasiyana remagineti ane musiyano chinokosha kukosha vayo, uyewo simba rakasiyana magnetization? Izvi imhaka yokuti akabatana kuti orbital kufamba uye akazvimirira maerekitironi zviri maatomu vanogona kuve siyana mwero hama kune mumwe. Izvi zvinotungamirira kuti akaronga panguva dzazvinogara zvinzvimbo uye anozunungusa maerekitironi wakadenha remagineti.

Saka, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti svikiro iri rwakatanga remagineti zvakunoita zvakananga, kana nokuwanza kwakaderera munda pacharo.

диамагнитные , а материалы, весьма слабо усиливающие магнитное поле, именуются парамагнитными . Zvinhu, remagineti kuti simba zvichiguma munda dzinonzi diamagnetic, uye zvinhu zviri chaizvo zvakaneta muedzo remagineti, inonzi paramagnetic.

Magnetic zvechadenga zvinhu

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti hunhu remagineti kuchimuka kwete chete nokuda magetsi, asi magnets a zvachose.

The zvachose magnets a anogona kuitwa uwandu zvinhu munyika duku. Asi zvinokosha kuziva kuti zvinhu zvose kuti zvichava nharaunda simba remagineti kuti magnetize uye kuva pakarepo manyuko remagineti. Aongorora apa, zvinokosha achiwedzera kuti rinobva induction Vector kune imwe pfuma akasiyana rinobva induction vektori Vacuum.

Ampere kwakaita pfungwa nezvokuva remagineti

The causal ukama, somugumisiro iyo kubatana hwakagadzwa pakati mitumbi tinazvo rinobva zvinhu yakavhurwa akakurumbira musayendisiti French André-Mari Amperom. Asi chii ndiye Ampere pfungwa nezvokuva remagineti?

History akaisa rayo kutanga Vongai simba nemaonero masayendisiti. Akapupurira zvokutsvakurudza Oersted Lmiera uyo akashinga akataura kuti mhaka remagineti paNyika vari dzenzvimbo kuti nguva dzose kutora nzvimbo mukati pasi pose. nomupiro dzinokosha uye chinokosha chakaitwa: kuti rinobva zviri mitumbi zvaigona kutsanangurwa kuramba riparadzirwe dzenzvimbo mavari. Mushure Ampere akafunga zvinotevera mhedziso: rinobva maitiro chero zviripo mitumbi rinotsanangurwa akavharwa remudunhu nemagetsi dzenzvimbo kuyerera mukati kwavari. открытия, объяснив магнитные особенности тел. Statement Physics aiva akashinga uye ushingi chiito, nokuti akayambuka zvose yapfuura zvakawanwa achitsanangura zvaiva rinobva miviri.

Movement pamusoro maerekitironi uye magetsi iyezvino

Ampere pfungwa inoti kuti atomu rimwe mukati Morekuru, uye kune imwe chepuraimari mutariri uye achiparadzira Magetsi. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti nhasi isu munotoziva kuti zvakafanana dzenzvimbo vari aumba somugumisiro kunyongana kwaiva kumaruwa uye kuramba kufamba maerekitironi mu maatomu. Kana ndege randomly anofanira kutaurwa hama mumwe nokuda chafariz inofamba pakati mamorekuru, avo pezvakaitwa uye zvachose hapana offsetting rinobva zvinhu kwete nhaka. A magnetized zvinhu, kungotaura dzenzvimbo vanotorayirwa kuitira kuti avo nezviito slazhivalis.

Pfungwa pamusoro Ampere akakwanisa kutsanangura nei rinobva miseve uye mapuranga magetsi ari remagineti vazvibate zvakafanana kune mumwe. Arrow, akavapindurawo, inofanira kukurukurwa sezvinoitwa seti zviduku zvishwe vane dzenzvimbo izvo tinotungamirirwa zvakafanana.

A rinokosha Boka paramagnetic zvinhu umo remagineti kunowedzerwa zvikuru, inonzi ferromagnetic. To ichi acho simbi, nickel, cobalt uye gadolinium (dzavo alloys).

Asi sei kutsanangura yezvakaita kutsigira wechigarire magnets a? Magnetic minda akaumba ferromagnetic kwete chete anokonzerwa kufamba maerekitironi, asiwo nemhaka yavo runobva inofamba.

The chisina kutsetseka tichimhanya (chisina kutsetseka tichimhanya wayo) awana zita - kuruka. Maerekitironi pakararama kutenderera ayo akabatana uye ane mhosva rwupi munhu remagineti romumunda kuumbwa nokuda kwavo orbital kufamba pamusoro nuclei.

Mariya Kyuri tembiricha

температура Кюри. The tembiricha pamusoro izvo munhu ferromagnetic zvinhu anorasikirwa-magnetization akamuka chaicho zita rayo - Curie tembiricha. Handiti, musayendisiti French pamwe akapiwa zita akaita izvi zvakawanikwa. Akasvika mhedziso kuti kana yekudyidzana neshungu magnetized chinhu, ipapo acharasikirwa mukana kukwezva zvinhu zvesimbi.

Ferromagnetic zvinhu zvavo kushandisa

Pasinei nokuti ferromagnetic mitumbi hapana zvikuru munyika, avo rinobva maitiro vari kushandiswa kukuru inoshanda uye ukoshi. A coils Musimboti zvesimbi kana simbi, runogonesa remagineti kwazvo, apo isingadariki aibuda kuitika mune coils. Fani iyi yekudyidzana kunobatsira kuchengetedza simba. That cores dzinoitwa zvachose pamusoro ferromagnetic zvinhu, uye izvozvo hazvina basa kuti chii chinangwa vachatitaka ichi zvakadzama.

Magnetic nzira pakunyora mashoko

Kushandisa ferromagnetic zvinhu akaita pamusoro-kirasi tepi uye vakasiyana rinobva firimu. Magnetic matepi zvinonzi nevakawanda kushandiswa muminda inzwi uye mavhidhiyo.

Magnetic tepi iri mapurasitiki chawo, zvinosanganisira polirhlorvinila kana zvimwe zvinoriumba. Pamusoro pazvo marongera, inova rinobva pendi, iro rinoumbwa munhu muzvizhinji kwazvo duku tsono serin'i tudonhwe simbi kana zvimwe ferromagnetic zvinhu.

kurekodha muitiro rinoitwa patepi nokuda electromagnets, remagineti iyo kaviri kuchinja mutinhimira inzwi nokuda vibrations. Somugumisiro, tepi akapoteredza rinobva musoro, mugove mumwe nomumwe firimu pasi magnetization.

Hunhu regiravhiti uye pfungwa dzaro

Zvinofanira kunyanya kuzivikanwa kuti kukomba simba uye ayo akanyudzwa mukati mutemo wesimba rinokwevera zvinhu pasi, iyo inoti kuti: mbiri zvinhu pfungwa vade mumwe mumwe simba Proportional kuti mativi ose kure pakati pavo zvakananga.

Sayenzi yemazuva rava duku yakasiyana funga pfungwa rinokweva uye rinotsanangura nayo sezvo Zvakaitwa rinokweva munda Nyika pachayo, kwakabva iyo ichiri zvinosuwisa masayendisiti, hwakagadzwa.

Nokupfupikisa zvose pamusoro apa, tinoona kuti zvinhu zvose munyika yedu iri nyatsotevera interconnected, uye Misiyano pakati giravhiti uye remagineti kwete. Pashure pezvose, giravhiti ane zvikuru remagineti chete kwete kumwero. On Earth, chinhu haagoni kuparadzaniswa hunhu - wakaputsika remagineti nerukudzo, izvo mune ramangwana anogona omesa zvikuru upenyu yebudiriro. Zvakakodzera kukohwa zvakanakira zvinowanikwa nesayenzi masayendisiti makuru uye kuedza nezvinetso zvitsva, asi kushandisa chokwadi zvose zvinofanira kuva rationally tisingazvikuvadzi hunhu uye vanhu.