Pfungwa omunzvimbo kuzvitonga

Pfungwa uye bhuku rinotsanangura yeko kupa mumwe decentralization simba, mumwe rusununguko zviremera zvomunzvimbo. The Indasitiri pacharo akatanga kuoneka muRussia mukutanga 90s. Kutsunga yeko (matunhu neminisiparati) hurumende rakabayirwa kutanga muna Union uye ipapo mutemo weRussia. Zvisinei, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti paumbwe bazi iri hurumende kusvika pamwero vakatanga muRussia pamberi chimurenga.

Somuenzaniso, Alexander II akatuma guta uye Zemstvo kuchinja pamusoro decentralization uye kukura vakatanga miganhu murau munyika nokusuma pfungwa mutemo akati.

Local hurumende pashure 1917 kwaibva nheyo kubatana Soviet ezvinhu somunhu seti wehurumende zviremera. Nyika ino yakanga dzinoratidzwa vanachandagwinyira akanyatsorongwa pamusoro omurume nani. Pfungwa omunzvimbo kuzvitonga akaendisa senzira Bourgeois nzira inotungamirwa zviremera zvemo. nzira iyi yaiva zvisingagamuchirwi zvachose kuti Soviet State, yakanga centralized. Chete kurutivi kuguma 80s hurumende akaona kudiwa kushandisa pfungwa dzomunzvimbo kuzvitonga. Saka vakatanga kuchinja zvinhu miganhu zviremera.

Mutemo, vakagamuchirwa April 9, 1990, gore vakatumirwa mukuru misimboti, kutsanangura pfungwa yeko uye upfumi USSR. Saka zvakatanga huru zvataurwa pakukura ichi bazi hurumende, nheyo sangano uye basa.

The 1991 Act wakadzikwa, maererano iro rakatanga muitiro rokutendeutsa miganhu miviri, paumbwe yose yeko wemuTesitamende nyika.

Pakuzadzisa nemamiriro yakawanikwa iri zvokudya State reMitemo. Saka, zvakanga zviri pamutemo ne pfungwa dzomunzvimbo kuzvitonga. The Hurongwa awana pamutemo uye kudzivirira kwomutemo kunoshanda.

Maererano Article 130 reMitemo kubudikidza maumbirwo yeko akagovera mhinduro kubudikidza vanhu nyaya miganhu kukosha, uyewo kushandisa, mafungiro, vaiva matunhu neminisiparati pfuma.

Bazi iri unoshanda kumaruwa, mumadhorobha nzvimbo, pane dzimwe nzvimbo (maruwa, dzomumaruwa maruwa). miganhu zvidzidzo zvose izvi zvinonzi matunhu neminisiparati idzodzo.

Nhasi, hurumende yeko chinokosha azvipire Implementation nesimba munyika.

Under Article 3 reMitemo, vagari kuratidza simba ravo kubudikidza ehurumende masangano, matunhu neminisiparati zviremera. Uyezve, vanhu vanokwanisa kuona zvavanoda kuburikidza yakananga sarudzo, nemareferenda nezvimwe zvakananga mashoko. State matunhu neminisiparati masimba, saka, muri siyana kutaura nevanhu munyika.

hurumende Local inozivikanwa ari muchimiro yegutsaruzhinji, ari mumutemo yeUnited, anoratidza mukuru misimboti matunhu neminisiparati zviremera. Maererano nomutemo, bazi iri hurumende inosimbiswa uye kuzivikanwa akazvimirira ruzhinji mabasa kugadzirisa nyaya omunzvimbo kukosha. In mashoko mutemo ine nezve vanhu mutoro wavo sarudzo. kuda vagari zvinogona chinozoiswa zvakananga kana kuburikidza mitumbi miganhu (matunhu neminisiparati) hurumende. Vachitaura nyaya vemunzvimbo kukosha mune iyi rinoitwa maererano nezvido zvevanhu, ayo nhoroondo uye dzimwe tsika.

Tsanangudzo iyi anosanganisa anokosha zvinhu munguva matunhu neminisiparati simba nenzvimbo yaro yose hurongwa hweruzhinji munyika.