Mashandiro anoita plasma Kamudzira muchitokisi

Plasma Kamudzira - lipid bilayer pamwe Integrated mu Ukobvu mapuroteni, Ion migero, uye Kanotokonya mamorekuru. Izvi zvokuimba chipingamupinyi kuti wakapatsanura ari cytoplasm kubva pericellular nzvimbo, panguva iyoyowo chete kutaurirana pamwechete kwokunze kwezvakatipoteredza. Uye nekuti cytolemma ndechimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha hurongwa sero, uye mabasa ayo kubvumira kuti huvepo uye kushamwaridzana nevamwe mapoka sero.

Pfungwa mukuru mabasa tsitolemmy

Plasma Kamudzira muchimiro pazviri aripo munguva muchitokisi mhuka, inozivikanwa kuti muzvizhinji ezvinhu zvipenyu kubva umambo siyana. Utachiona uye majemusi, ane muviri uri sero rimwe chete, ndivo cytoplasmic membrane. Uye mhuka, notumwe uye zvirimwa sezvo zvipuka zvine masero akawanda zvinenge haana achirasa mukufamba shanduka. Zvisinei, dzakasiyana umambo zvipenyu tsitolemmy siyanei, kunyange zvayo basa ichiri chete. Vanogona kuva mapoka mapoka matatu: panoparadzana, nezvifambiso uye kukurukurirana.

Boka kupatsanura kushanda zvinosanganisira zvokuimba kuchengetedzwa masero, kuramba chimiro chayo, kudzivirirwa extracellular svikiro. Kamudzira senga chinoita basa boka nokuvapo zvakananga mapuroteni, Ion migero uye transporters zvimwe zvinhu. By tsitolemmy kukurukura mabasa zvakafanira kutakura Kanotokonya. On a pemvura Kamudzira Kanotokonya zvivako uwandu hwezvinhu zvose zvabatanidzwa. iripo naro masero vanobatanidzwa humoral mashoko chinja zvigadziriswe. Zvisinei, zvinokosha kuti cytolemma runopoteredza kwete chete muchitokisi, asiwo vamwe ayo membranous organelles. Mavari, iye kuridza chete basa sokune muchitokisi yose.

mupingo basa

The chipingamupinyi kushanda plasma Kamudzira vakawanda. Inochengetedza womukati sero ezvinhu pamwe huripo wevasungwa kwemakemikari zvinhu pamusoro kuchinja ayo. In zvinogadzirisa zviri diffusion kwacho kunoitika, i.e. kuzvidzora kuchinja kufungisisa pakati zvenhau pamwe zvakasiyana zviri zvimwe zvinhu. Plasmolemma chete nemutemo kutadzisa diffusion pamusoro Urume kuitika uye ions kwose kwose. Saka Kamudzira rinokutadzisa kuti cytoplasm neumwe Kuwanda electrolyte kubva pericellular kwezvakatipoteredza.

A okuti chechipiri chipingamupinyi kushanda plasma Kamudzira - kudzivirira kubva simba acidic uye simba alkaline ezvinhu. Plasmolemma kuvakwa nenzira yakadaro kuti migumo hydrophobic lipid mamorekuru vanosangana chokunze. Nokuti kazhinji chinosiyanisa pakati intracellular uye extracellular vezvenhau nedzimwe ph zviratidzo. Zvakafanira kuti sero basa.

The chipingamupinyi kushanda organelle membranes

The chipingamupinyi kushanda plasma Kamudzira akasiyana nokuti vanovimba ayo nzvimbo. Akanyanya karyotheca, kureva lipid bilayer chinoumba, anodzivirira kubva zvokuimba zvakakanganisika uye akagovana ezvinhu kubva cytoplasmic yenyukireya. Uyezve, zvinofungidzirwa kuti karyotheca ari zvakabatana chaizvo pamwe Kamudzira pamusoro endoplasmic reticulum. Nokuti nyika yose iri vaiona vakabatana somunhu dzigare mairi yokugara mashoko, mapuroteni synthesizing maitiro uye sumbu posttranslational dikidiki puroteni mamorekuru. The Kamudzira cytoplasmic network zvakafanira kuramba chimiro intracellular chokufambisa mugero kuburikidza iyo kufambisa puroteni, lipid uye carbohydrate mamorekuru.

Mitochondrial Kamudzira anodzivirira mitochondria uye plastid - chloroplasts. Lysosomal Kamudzira zvakare anoita somuganhu: mukati lysosomes nechisimba ezvinhu ph uye tichishingaira siyana okisijeni kuti anogona kukuvadza hurongwa mukati muchitokisi, kana kune zvapararira. The Kamudzira ndiyo zvakasikwa mhinganidzo, panguva iyoyowo kubvumira lysosomes kuti "kugaya" yakasimba nezvimedu uye ichikutadzisa nzvimbo zviito makemikari.

Zvokuimba basa plasmolemma

The zvokuimba kushanda plasma Kamudzira ndiyewo kwete yunifomu. Chekutanga, cytolemma anoramba sero chimiro. Chechipiri, ichikutadzisa ari deformability masero, asi hakutadzisi shanduko chimiro uye flowability. Panguva iyoyowo achisimbisa Kamudzira Zvinogonekawo. Izvi kunoitika nokuda paumbwe muchitokisi masvingo protists, mabhakitiriya, zvinomera uye hunokuvadza. In mhuka, kusanganisira yevanhu kwemarudzi, sero Rusvingo nyore uye kumiririrwa chete glycocalyx.

In utachiona, izvozvo glycoprotein mu miti - cellulose, notumwe - chitin. Diatoms uye akaisa zvachose ayo muchitokisi rusvingo silica (nesilicon oxide), izvo yekudyidzana inowedzera zvokuimba simba uye nemishonga masero. Uye zvose muviri sero rusvingo vanoda kuti ichi. A cytolemma pacharo ane simba zvikuru kudzika kupfuura paiva proteoglycans, cellulose kana chitin. In kuti tsitolemmy anotamba zvokuimba basa, hapana mubvunzo.

Uyewo, zvokuimba kushanda plasma Kamudzira kubvumira mitochondria, chloroplasts, lysosomes, neerekitironi endoplasmic reticulum mashandiro mukati masero uye kuzvidzivirira pamusoro kukuvara subthreshold. Ndiwo maitiro chero sero rine mashoko membranous organelles. Uyezve, plasma Kamudzira riri cytoplasmic protuberances, izvo kunotangira musero-sero kutaura navo. muenzaniso uyu zvokuimba kushanda plasma membrane. Kudzivirira basa Kamudzira kunosimbiswa uyewo nokuda munhu wechisikigo nemishonga uye fluidity yacho lipid bilayer.

Taurirana kushanda cytoplasmic Kamudzira

Pakati kukurukura mashandiro anofanira anosanganisira chokufambisa uye womuchato. Izvi unhu maviri wakananga plasma Kamudzira uye karyotheca. The Kamudzira organelle hapasi kuva receptors, kana yonhuwa zvekufambisa migero, uye panguva karyotheca uye tsitolemmy idzodzo izvi imomo. Izvi zvinoitwa kuburikidza kwavo Implementation kuti mashoko kutaurirana mabasa.

Transport chaitwa zviviri zvinoita zvigadziriswe: simba zvekushandisa, kureva, kushingaira nzira, uye pasina mutengo, nyore diffusion. Zvisinei, sero rinogona kutakura zvinhu uye phagocytosis kana pinocytosis. Izvi zvinoitwa anokunda gore emura kana chikukutu nezvimedu miganhu cytoplasm. Ipapo sero ruoko kunzwisisa PARTICIPLE kana mvura droplet, kudhonza mukati uye achiumba vachipoterera cytoplasmic rukoko sokunge.

Active senga, diffusion

Active senga - ndiwo muenzaniso Absorção de Água vanosarudza kuti electrolytes uye zvinovaka muviri. Via channel chaiwo hunomiririrwa mapuroteni mamorekuru akaumbwa siyana subunits, nefuma kana hydrated Ion chinopinda kupinda cytoplasm. Jona kuchinja potentials uye zvinovaka muviri achitaurwa nevanopinda mune metabolic cheni. Uye kushingaira zvose mitambo izvi muchitokisi yeplasma Kamudzira kubatsira kukura kwayo uye kubudirira.

lipid-soluble

masero kusiyaniswa zvikuru, semuenzaniso, huta, kwemakemikari anobudiswa kana tsandanyama, Ion migero anoshandisa mashoko kuti vaunze chiito potentials uye zororo. Zvinonzi akaumba nokuda osmotic kusiyana uye electrochemical uye micheka vakagadzirira kugona kuti ndizvipete, kana kuti vaunze mumwe Itai kupomba kupindura anonongedzera kana fambisa navo. Izvi zvinokosha nomazviri kupanana ruzivo pakati pamakamuri, iyo irimo huta mutemo mashandiro wapasi muviri. Izvi zviri plasma Kamudzira masero mhuka zvinopa mutemo anokosha, kudzivirirwa uye zvokufambisa yose muviri.

Zvimwe zvinhu anogona uye anoita kupinda napakati Kamudzira, asi izvozvo ndizvo chete kuti lipophilic mamorekuru mafuta-soluble mamorekuru. Vanongova mudutu bilayer Kamudzira, nyore achipinda cytoplasm. Ichi senga mashandiro runozivisa steroid mahormone. A maumbirwo peptide mahormone vasingakwanisi kupinda kubudikidza Kamudzira, asi nekufambisa mashoko sero. Izvi zvinoitwa nokuda pamberi Kanotokonya pamusoro pechiso plasmolemma (chakakosha) mamorekuru. Related nokukanganisika zvigadziriswe kuti mureza transduction kuti musimboti pamwechete mashandiro zvakananga kupinda ose zvinhu kuburikidza lipid Kamudzira iri nyore gadziriro humoral murau. Uye zvose izvi zvinhu chinokosha yeplasma Kamudzira mapuroteni zvinokosha kwete chete kuti sero rimwe chete uye rose muviri.

Table mabasa cytoplasmic Kamudzira

Inonyanya pachena nzira kusimbisa mashandiro anoita plasma Kamudzira - tafura ine dzayo yomuzvarirwo basa kuti sero yose.

tafura iyi inoratidza zvakajeka iyo inoshanda anoitwa plasma membrane. Zvisinei, mabasa aya reDare chete muchitokisi Kamudzira, kureva lipid bilayer dzinoitwa masero ose. Inside nayo pane organelles, izvo vanewo membrane. basa ravo dzinofanira kuratidzwa muchimiro chati.

Mashandiro anoita plasma Kamudzira: anorimwa

In pamberi muchitokisi membranes dzinotevera organelles dzakasiyana: musimboti, dzemakwiringwindi uye anotsvedzerera endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi midziyo, mitochondria, chloroplasts, lysosomes. Pose organelles izvi, Kamudzira wakakurira inokosha basa. Funga muenzaniso kunogona tabular zano.

The membranes nemasero mhuka

Ndivo mashandiro anoita plasma Kamudzira sero, apo inoita basa rinokosha rimwe organelle. Uyezve, vakawanda mashandiro kuti kubatanidzwa kupinda rimwe - nedziviriro. Kunyanya, mechidziro zvemaziso mabasa ikashandiswa mu rokudzivirira. Uyezve, mashandiro anoita plasma Kamudzira iri chirimwa muchitokisi dzinenge kufanana nevaya vari mhuka uye kwemabhakitiriya.

Animal Sero kwazvo uye kusiyaniswa zvikuru. Pane zvakawanda Integrated, poluintegralnyh uye pemvura nemapurotini. Kazhinji, mune zvipuka zvine masero akawanda zvinenge nguva yakawanda yakaoma Kamudzira mamiriro kupfuura chete-celled. Uye chii dzakawanda plasma Kamudzira masero chaizvo kuti anosarudza kana zvichanzi basa kuti epithelial, connective zvinyama kana kukakavara.