Eudemonism - chii ichi? mienzaniso eudemonism

"Eudemonism" - pfungwa ane ukoshi iri chaizvoizvo rinoshandurwa kubva muchiGiriki se "mufaro", "mufaro" kana "kubudirira." Izvi mirayiridzo yetsika vaiva vateveri vakawanda vakawanda munguva dzekare. Ngatikurukurei chii eudemonism, mienzaniso nomumwe pfungwa vazivi.

Ini ndingadawo anokwezvera dzinoverengeka zvakafanana muviri. Zvikurukuru, kuti uzive kuti akasiyana hedonism eudemonism utilitarianism.

Chii eudemonism

Eudemonism - ichi negwara nezvetsika, apo mufaro uye maererano kwezvakatipoteredza ichaongororwa kuva chinangwa chikuru choupenyu hwevanhu. Pfungwa dzakadaro chikuru nheyo tsika pakati vazivi vekare vechiGiriki. The pfungwa yokutanga mirayiridzo iyi ndezvaJehovha yaSocrates chikoro, vane nhengo vanoonekwa pachavo rusununguko uye rusununguko Supreme budiriro womunhu.

Eudemonism mu muuzivi

mufaro vari kubatwa zvakasiyana yetsika dzidziso yechiGiriki nevafungi yekare. Somuenzaniso, mumwe vanyori nedzidziso - Aristotle - vaidavira kuti pfungwa kugutsikana runowanikwa kana kutsvaka kunaka. Maererano muzivi, munhu anofanira kuratidza uchenjeri, inova hwemafaro kubva munyika kufungisisa.

Uyewo, Epicurus uye Democritus vaiona mufaro sezvo yomukati pakunamata akadzikama. Kwavari, mashoko ose ari okupedzisira nzvimbo. Kupfuma vazivi ava vakatenda nenjodzi. Sami nevafungi muupenyu hwake kuti tigutsikane nyore zvokudya, vane mwero mbatya, vanhuwo kwedzimba, isina zvokushamisira uye zvoumbozha.

Muvambi wechikoro hwoMutsoropodzi uzivi - Antisthenes - haana ushe kubva kudiwa chido vanhu mufaro. Zvisinei, haana kusonganira dzidziso yake kudiwa kuwana mumuviri uye mupfungwa mafaro. Zvinonzi, maererano naye, anoita munhu novimba dzinoverengeka nechitarisiko ezvinhu.

Kuongororwa dzidziso kwouzivi

Huru mutsoropodzi eudemonism uzivi ndiye Immanuel Kant. Aidavira kuti kwerunyararo zvetsika munzanga hazvibviri kana vanhu chete kutsvaka mupfungwa nomumuviri kugutsikana. Nokuti muzivi ichi, chikuru vavariro yokunaka waitsigira Implementation wayo chikwereti kuna vanhu.

Sezvo akaratidza munguva dzazvino eudemonism

In dzazvino uzivi eudemonism kurondwa mune zvakanyorwa French materialists. Zvikurukuru, mukurumbira akanakidzwa dzidziso yetsika zviri Feuerbach, uyo akati sezvinei vanowanzotevedzera kunyange chinyakare vanhu avo yose hwavo vari kundotsvaka ezvinhu nani kuvapo. Zvisinei, maererano muzivi, munhu haagoni kuva kugutsikana zvizere, hapana mufaro vamwe, kunyanya vaya vatinoda. Saka, nokuda kwezvikonzero zvoudyire, munhu anofanira kutarisira vadiwa kugamuchira kubva kwavari zvakafanana maitiro. In Nemuromo evdemonisticheskoy Feuerbach hwezvibayiro maitiro kune imwe kufarira hakupesani pachako mufaro.

Mazuva dzidziso eudemonism - zviri nyore kunzwisisa pfungwa. Nhasi uzivi kutsanangura mufaro sezvo zvakanaka tinyatsonzwisisa pachake upenyu hwemunhu. Panguva iyo nguva dzose pane kuva kutya, kusununguka womukati Zvinotambudza pachake, uye kutambura zvinoitika muupenyu pasinei nemaitiro evanhu.

Eudemonism muchiBuddha

By evdemonisticheskomu dzidziso iri uzivi Eastern zvinogona zvakanaka kunzi chiBuddha. Pashure pezvose, chikuru uchapupu dzidziso iyi ndiyo chido kubvisa kutambura kwose, mune mamwe mashoko - the kubudirira paiya inonzi Nirvana. Zvichienderana nemashoko Dalai Lama XIV, sezvinei vanowanzotevedzera vanhu vose, zvisinei kuti ndivanaani - vaBuddha, vaKristu, vaMuslim kana hakuna Musiki. Saka, maererano vaBuddha, chikuru kutungamirirwa inofamba upenyu hwedu ndiko kuwana rugare rwomumwoyo nokugutsikana mupfungwa.

The eudemonism wakasiyana hedonism

Anofunga kuti kudzidzisa hedonic chikuru upenyu vanobudirira vanofarira hwakanaka. Sezvinogona kuoneka, hedonism eudemonism muri dzidziso pamwe rakafanana chinangwa.

At pamudzi mumwe kuzviisa pasi Ethics aiva akakurumbira Muzivi wechiGiriki Aristippus. Aidavira kuti pane vaviri akanyanyisa uye kurwisana mamiriro yevanhu mweya: nyoro - kunonakidza uye mafungu - marwadzo. Pachishandiswa hedonistic Aristippus pfungwa, nzira mufaro ndiko kuzadzisa kugutsikana uye kudzivisa kutambura.

In romuMiddle nguva kuti hedonism akatarisa siyanei. nevafungi European Western inokurukurwa nemasayendisiti ari kuumbwa chitendero. Vazivi iyoyo akaona dzikunuro pachedu uye omurume mukuru naMwari.

utilitarianism

Ndezvipi zvakafanana kurovedza akadai eudemonism utilitarianism? Senzira utilitarian mufaro rwunoonekwa kuunza makomborero vanhu. The chikuru zvinodavirwa muchitendero nedzidziso dzaitaurwa akadhindwa ouzivi Jeremy Bentham. Yakanga anofunga iyi yokuvaka pakati nheyo utilitarian dzidziso.

Maererano ayo mashoko, eudemonism - chido tsika maitiro, rinogona kuunza kubatsira mukuru kune kunonyanyisa nhamba yevanhu. Zvisinei, mashoko zvisingagadziriswi dambudziko pano aiva kuvapo kupokanidzana pakati vakawanda uye private zvido. Kugadzirisa kusawirirana uku, wose yakavhurwa mukati utilitarian dzidziso ndaisagona egoism. Pachishandiswa chechipiri, munhu anofanira kugutsa pachavo zvido musoro pachinhu kuruzhinji tibatsirwe. Panyaya iyi, zvinodiwa nomumwe achaiswa pamwe nevaya vamwe.

In mhedziso

Sezvinogona kuoneka, eudemonism zvoruzivo - ichi ndicho mirayiridzo kuti anobvuma inokosha chokuratidza tsika uye chinangwa chikuru maitiro evanhu kutsvaka pachavo zvakanaka uye mufaro vadiwa.

Panewo dzidziso akafanana anoverengeka yetsika, zvikurukuru, hedonism uye utilitarianism. Vamiririri hedonistic pfungwa, mukati eudemonism, rairatidza mafaro uye mufaro. Utilitarians vaidavira kuti vawane kugutsikana tsika hazvibviri pasina munhu unhu. Uyewo, maererano nedzidziso yechiBhudha, kufara pachake anogona kunzi oga akakwanisa kusvika nechinzwano kwokunze mamiriro kudzikama.

Nhasi eudemonism - iyi ndiyo imwe nheyo anonzi akanaka zvepfungwa. Zvinoshamisa kuti nzvimbo iyi ine nhoroondo zvakawanda dzidziso yetsika echiGiriki nevafungi vekare, uye zvokudya zvaro kuramba akakodzera munguva dzazvino.