Dzidziso pfungwa egoism: rondedzero, musimboti uye pfungwa

Kana nhaurirano uzivi avamba sei dzidziso pfungwa egoism, involuntarily zvabuda nokutora Chernyshevskogo N. G., multi-faceted uye mukuru munyori, muzivi, munyori wenhoroondo, zvinhu nekuongorora. Didenko akaita wefodya zvose zvakanakisisa - kuidzwa hunhu, makura chido nokuda rusununguko, yakajeka uye ndaisagona pfungwa. Dzidziso pfungwa egoism Chernyshevskogo - ichi ndechimwe danho kukura uzivi.

tsananguro

Under pfungwa egoism anofanira kunzwisiswa chinzvimbo kwouzivi anoisa mumwe nomumwe ukuru zvido pamusoro zvido vamwe vanhu uye nzanga yose zvayo.

The mubvunzo unomuka: chii pfungwa egoism wakasiyana noudyire kurarama kunzwisisa kwake? Vanotsigira pfungwa egoism nharo kuti egoist anofunga chete nezvake. Kunyange zvazvo pfungwa egoism maturo hanya nevamwe unhu, uye zvinongokonzerwa hausi mafungiro zvose youdyire, asi chete anooneka somunhu pfupi anoona zvakanaka, uye dzimwe nguva kunyange somunhu upenzi.

Nemamwe mashoko, ouchenjeri udyire anganzi kukwanisa kurarama zvavanofarira uye mafungiro, pasina kupokana zvinofungwa nevamwe.

A Nhoroondo shoma

Pfungwa egoism anotanga kubuda kunyange munguva dzekare, apo Aristotle akamuendesa basa rimwe zvinoumba dambudziko ushamwari.

Uyezve, munguva French Education, Helvétius kufunga vanonzwisisa udyire sezvo hazvibviri coexistence zvinovaka Chiyero pakati noudyire chido munhu uye nemagariro zvinobatsira.

Kudzidza nyaya iyi uwane aiva Feuerbach L. Maererano naye, kunaka kwevanhu kunobva wakagutsikana pachavo kubva waguta mumwe munhu.

Kana tikanyatsoongorora dzidziso pfungwa egoism vakagamuchira Chernyshevsky. It kwaibva kududzirwa nomunhu egoism sokuratidzwa utility hwevanhu rose. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, kana vasangana chepamusoro, private uye kwevanhu zvinodiwa, yokupedzisira inofanira kuchamira.

maonero Chernyshevskogo

Dzavo nzira muzivi uye munyori kwakatanga Hegel, vachiti zvose zvake chete. Vanobatisisa muuzivi Hegel uye maonero Chernyshevsky zvakadaro vakaramba Rumhangapanga ake. Uye tine akaziva zvaakanyora chepakutanga, iye anotanga kuramba nayo anotarisa uye anoona mune Hegelian uzivi dzamarudzi payakaipira:

• Musiki chokwadi Hegel yaiva Mhedziso mweya uye mhedziso pfungwa.
• The pfungwa uye pfungwa dzaiva motokari mauto kukura.
• Hegel kuti Rumhangapanga uye kuzvipira kwake kuna feudal-absolutist hurongwa munyika.

Somugumisiro, Chernyshevsky akatanga kusimbisa unoreva zvakawanda pamusoro Hegel pfungwa uye kumushora somunhu muzivi. Sayenzi akaramba ichishanduka, uye Hegel kwakaita uzivi kuti munyori mutana uye husina chinangwa.

Hegel - Feuerbach

Not inogutswa Hegelian nouzivi Chernyshevsky akatendeukira mabasa Ludwig Feuerbach, vakazochinja akamuita muzivi anonzi mudzidzisi wake.

Munyaya yake "The Essence kwechiKristu," Feuerbach anoti hunhu uye pfungwa dzevanhu vari vakaparadzana mumwe, uye dzakanga zvaakasikwa chitendero uye fungidziro kwevanhu, chinoratidza munhu pachake chaizvo. Dzidziso iyi chaizvo akafemerwa Chernyshevsky, uye akawana mairi zvaaida.

Kunyange vakatapwa, akanyorera navanakomana vake pamusoro akakwana muuzivi Feuerbach , uye kuti akanga muteveri wake akatendeka.

Musimboti dzidziso kodzera egoism

Dzidziso pfungwa youdyire nemabasa Chernyshevsky akanga kunangana chitendero, tsika uye zvouMwari idealism. Maererano munyori, munhu anoda pachake chete. Uye kuti udyire chinokurudzira vanhu kuita.

Nikolay Gavrilovich mubasa rake anoratidza kuti zvinovavarirwa vanhu havagoni kurarama hunhu akasiyana siyana, uye yose yakatarwa kwevanhu anoda kuita rimwe zvakasikwa, maererano nomutemo chete. Zita mutemo uyu - ndaisagona egoism.

Zviito All dzevanhu dzinobva hwomunhu pfungwa dzake pachake kubatsira uye zvakanaka. Somuenzaniso, mashoko ouchenjeri udyire anogona kunzi chibayiro chomunhu noupenyu hwake nokuda rudo kana ushamwari sezvo, nokuda kufarira. Kunyange chiito ichi anozvisarudzira. kukarukureta uye nokupenya udyire.

Chii dzidziso pfungwa egoism maererano Chernyshevsky? Chokwadi chokuti pachavo zvido vanhu hazvipesani pamwe paruzhinji uye haisi ichipesana navo, kubatsirwa vamwe. misimboti dzakadaro chete kugamuchirwa uye akaedza kuudza vamwe vanyori.

Dzidziso pfungwa egoism muchidimbu akaparidza Tchernyshevskiy sezvo dzidziso yacho "vanhu vatsva."

The chikuru pfungwa dzidziso

Dzidziso pfungwa egoism anoyera abatsire muukama hwevanhu uye kusarudza kupfuura zvinobatsira vaya. Kubva pfungwa nemaonero dzidziso, nokuratidzwa kurasira uye rudo zviri zvachose maturo. Ivo zvichireva chete kuratidzwa vaya uhwu, izvo zvinoita PR, purofiti, uye zvichingodaro. N.

Under pfungwa egoism kunzwisisa kukwanisa kuwana pakati ivhu pakati mano pachavo uye zvinodiwa nevamwe. Uyezve, mumwe nomumwe kunobva vachingoshandisa nokuzvidzora rudo. Asi nepfungwa, mumwe anoziva kuti kana pane kufunga chete pachake, zvino vanotarisana guru-siyana nenyaya, achida chete kusangana pachedu zvinodiwa. Somugumisiro, vanhu vanouya pachedu kuita. Asi izvi zvaitwa zvakare, kwete kubva kuda vamwe, asi nekuda nokuzvidzora rudo. Saka pane izvi zvinokurudzirwa kutaura ndaisagona egoism.

Kuratidzwa dzidziso yacho yokufungidzira "Chii kuita?"

Sezvo nechepakati pfungwa yokuti Chernyshevsky aiva upenyu muzita mumwe munhu, zvino zvanzi vakabatana vacho kuti yokufungidzira ake "Chii kuita?".

Dzidziso pfungwa dzokuzvikoshesa kufarira yokufungidzira "Chii kuita?" Anotaurazve chimwezve, zvose zvetsika zvine mashoko, kudiwa yakawiriranwa rubatsiro uye kuunza vanhu pamwe chete. Mhare yokufungidzira ndizvo richibatanidza. Kunobva Mufaro kwavari - kushumira vanhu uye kubudirira chikonzero, inova zvinoreva hwavo.

Zviga dzidziso zvinoshanda uye muupenyu hwedu evanhu. Chernyshevsky akaratidza sei kuda zvakakwana akaratidza pachena chiso wacho.

Man kurovedzwa inokanganiswa angaita anodzvinyirira noudyire yokufungidzira Maria Alekseevna heroine riri pedyo chaizvo noudyire "vanhu vatsva." Asi ayo Chaizvoizvo chete kuti nechinangwa wakasununguka tsika runako uye mufaro. Oga kunobatsirei nomumwe anofanira kusangana veruzhinji mubereko, kuzvibatanidza zvinodiwa kushanda vanhu.

Lonely mufaro haako. Happiness mumwe nomumwe zvinoenderana vafare zvose mukuru zvakanaka muvanhu.

Chernyshevsky sezvo muzivi kumbobvira akadzivirira noudyire zvayo zvakananga nezvaanoreva. Pfungwa egoism magamba enyika yokufungidzira rinozivisa makomborero ayo kubatsira vamwe vanhu. Somuenzaniso, muchisunungura Vera kubva mumhuri kudzvinyirirwa vakwidziridzwe kubva kudiwa kuroora kwete rudo uye kuva nechokwadi chokuti iye anoda Kirsanov, Lopukhov achipinda mimvuri. Uyu ndiwo mumwe muenzaniso kuratidzwa pfungwa egoism muna Chernyshevsky kuti yokufungidzira.

Dzidziso pfungwa egoism - hwaro kwouzivi pamusoro yokufungidzira, apo pasina nzvimbo udyire, makaro uye individualism. Nhongonya yokufungidzira uri munhu, kodzero yake, makomborero ake. munyori Izvi zvinoda kusiya kuparadza hoarding kuti vawane mufaro wechokwadi hwevanhu, zvisinei kuti mamiriro yaivhuvhuta kana vakaremerwa hwake.

Kunyange zvazvo nganonyorwa rakanyorwa muzana remakore rechi19, nheyo dzayo zvinoshanda munyika yanhasi.