Muzivi Lyudvig Vitgenshteyn: Biography, upenyu pachake, akatorwa

Lyudvig Vitgenshteyn - mumwe akangwara zvikuru, gangaidzo uye anokwezva muzivi remakore rechimakumi maviri. Pasinei chokwadi kuti akanga asina kuzivikanwa nevanhu vaairarama uye akanga vakanyarara munzanga, aiva simba guru paumbwe mazano uye mitemo kufunga ano. Wittgenstein aiva mugadzi kuti dzinenge nhatu zvakangwara zviri kuitikawo ouzivi - inonzwisisika positivism, mitauro uzivi uye mitauro kuongorora.

kwakarongwa vitae

Austria uye UK akava simba guru pamusoro upenyu uye muuzivi anofunga ichi sezvo Ludwig Wittgenstein. Brief Biography inoratidza izvi zvakajeka. Nzvimbo yechizvarirwo of nomuzivi muVienna mune imwe yenzvimbo rakakurumbira uye yakapfuma mhuri hweAustria-Hungary. baba vake aiva akakurumbira injiniya uye mogul, uye mai vake rakanga rakaita kubva mhuri yekare yechiJudha.

Kufanana nababa vake, Lyudvig Vitgenshteyn akatanga kudzidza engineering, kunyanya kuda rokuvaka inouraya namano. Nokufamba kwenguva, izvi zvakamutungamirira dambudziko nheyo masvomhu kwouzivi. Uyezve, paiva nezvimwe zvinhu kuti vaifarira Lyudvig Vitgenshteyn. Biography anoratidza kuti akanga aifarira mumhanzi, chivezwa, mapurani, mabhuku uye nounyanzvi. Mukutanga ramakumi remakore, Wittgenstein akaenda Cambridge, apo akava mudzidziri webasa uye gare gare mubatsiri uye shamwari, yakakurumbira muzivi Bertrand Russell.

Panguva World War First, Wittgenstein zvakazvipira mberi, apo akanga akabatwa. Paaigara mumusasa wejeri, akapotsa apedza mumwe ake nemabasa yakakurumbira - "Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus" - izvo yaiva simba pamusoro pokumuka European uye nyika uzivi. Pashure paizvozvo, akashanda ari mudzidzisi kuchikoro musha akangofananawo. Nokufamba kwenguva, Wittgenstein anoziva kuti uzivi ake zvikurukuru kukwenezverwa uye rinoda nani, saka iye ndikadzokerazve muUK, apo iye anoramba kushanda bhuku rake, apo ari purofesa paUniversity of Cambridge.

Munguva yeHondo Yenyika II Akashanda somunhu wezvokurapa akarongeka, uye ari mubasa mirayiridzo itsva - muuzivi mutauro. Wittgenstein akafa muna 1953 kubva kenza yeprostate. pfungwa dzake dzose pamusoro muuzivi mutauro vakanga rakabudiswa pashure pokufa kwake.

Early muuzivi Wittgenstein

Mumakore ake muduku Lyudvig Vitgenshteyn Aifarira vanoshingaira basa chaiko-yakaoma chains-garde kuVienna, uye akanga kufarira pfungwa Karl Kraus - "tochi" magazini mupepeti aishanda pamusoro kuparadzana kukosha uye chaidzo nounyanzvi. Zvakasimba Wittgenstein aivawo pfungwa Frege uye Russell, akashanda pasi uyo kwenguva refu. Kubva pakutanga iye vakatanga pfungwa propositional basa, ukoshi hwechokwadi uye kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro akasiyana zvinoreva uye kukosha mashoko mumutauro rechipiri - mutauro kuongorora nzira nenzira yakarongeka, rinosanganisira kutsvaka chokwadi "mabhomba", uyewo zvimwe zvinhu zviri chezvaizoitika tsanangudzo masvomhu.

pfungwa yokutanga musoro Wittgenstein vakanga zvaitwa nemutoo wake "dhayari" apo anotaura nezve mikana itsva pfungwa uye musoro nemarongerwo. Pfungwa idzi vakava hwaro basa rake kiyi iyi - "Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus".

"Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus"

Basa yakabudiswa muna 1921, kutanga German uye ipapo - mu Chirungu. Bhuku iri rakanyorwa muchimiro yoga aphorisms dzinoshandiswa kunorapwa pfungwa dzake Lyudvig Vitgenshteyn. Quotes vanoiswa pedyo runoenzanirana nenhamba inotaridza nenhanho kukosha aphorism.

Pasinei kufanana ne pfungwa Russell uye Frege, bhuku rakanga munzira dzakawanda akasiyana. Muna bhuku zvinomutsa mubvunzo yaaizova uye miganhu mafungiro, munyori anosanganisa pfungwa mafungiro uye mutauro, uye uzivi panguva imwe chete mabasa sezvo pachangu muchimiro Analytical mutauro kutsoropodzwa. In Wittgenstein kwakaita yokuti mutauro anoshumira pakunzi chokwadi, izvo zvinokwanisika nokuti zvemukati chezvaizoitika maumbirwo mutauro. Dzidziso iyi ichiri kuridza basa rinokosha ano Western rezvedzidzo mirayiridzo.

Late Wittgenstein kwakaita uzivi

Nokufamba kwenguva, Lyudvig Vitgenshteyn akaita rethought nzvimbo yaro uye akaramba ari priori nemamiriro mutauro. Iye anotaura zvakasiyana-siyana mashoko uye zvirevo zvinoshandiswa dzinongoitika mutauro. Maererano neshoko iri hazvirevi chirongwa chifananidzo nepfungwa yacho, chete kushandiswa mashoko akapoteredza maererano mitauro mitemo inopa nzira imwe ukoshi.

Wittgenstein unoshanda ane izwi akadai mutauro mitambo, apo shoko ose anowana zvarinoreva chete kana zvimwe zvinhu zviri akasangana mutambo. Wittgenstein Hunotaurawo nezvenguva kudiwa mibvunzo zvakanaka. Late Wittgenstein nezvetsika kwouzivi anorondedzerwa basa rake "youzivi Investigations".

"Vazivi Investigations"

Okupedzisira bhuku rakakura akanga achishanda pasi Lyudvig Vitgenshteyn. Philosophy muchidimbu zvinorondedzerwa kubva pakatanga ebhuku, apo munyori rinotaura kuti aifanira funga basa iri sezvo tichienzanisa kuti "Tractatus".

Kusiyana kwokutanga basa, "ouzivi Investigations" vane ouprofita manyorerwo uye muzvikamu zviviri. Chikamu chokutanga rine zvinotevera mamiriro:

• Pfungwa mutauro uye zvarinoreva.
• Analysis epistemological uye mafungiro pfungwa.
• Analysis dzakawanda zvinhu yambotaurwa pfungwa.

Chikamu chechipiri chebhuku zvishoma pane chidhina uye ane konekwa kutarira. Pano munyori anotaura mashoko, avo kukosha uye basa wouzivi panyaya idzi.

Lyudvig Vitgenshteyn - chimwe chezvinhu chakavanzika vazivi remakore rechimakumi maviri. Kusiyana vomuzuva rake, haana chete kufunga, asi vaigara maererano maonero avo. Yakanga nekuvongwa iye kuti uzivi kwakanga muuzivi mutauro - sayenzi kuti anoongorora sei vanhu vaone uye kutsanangura nyika.