Empiricist - chii ichi? kunyatsogona

Sezvo kare vanhu vanofarira mibvunzo zivo. Kwouzivi pfungwa rakavapo zvokuti, sezvo munhu kuziva nyika uye pakuzvichengetedza mairi. Kunyange kare nayo yakatanga sayenzi zvakadai inokosha sezvo masvomhu, wefizikisi, nhoroondo, uzivi. Zvino paiva mubvunzo kana pane nzira yokuziva chokwadi uye chii chinofanira inobva. Panguva ino chero Rwako akadai dogmatism, pragmatism, empiricism.

Empiricism sezvo uzivi

Empiricist - riri pamwoyo riri zvakananga dzinoshanda mabasa. Izvozvo ndizvo zvinoberekwa ruzivo kwevanhu. Pfungwa iyi panguva hwaro chete youzivi muitiro. Nyama ruzivo nokuti Mhedziso empiricism. Izvi ndizvo zvaari uye zivo. Knowledge mugumisiro kubudiswa kutsinga dzinouya mafungiro munhu.

Francis Bacon - muvambi empiricism

Muvambi kuerera anoonekwa kuti Francis Bacon, naro empiricism rave yakashongedzwa mune akura pfungwa youzivi. Gare gare, iye akaonekwa dzakatevedzana kufamba - kutanga, akanaka uye musoro empiricism. Bacon akaomerera kuti zivo inodiwa kuti achenese pfungwa uye maonero ari chinhu zvifananidzo, uye kuwana ruzivo kuburikidza kwacho uye akataura hunhu. The chikuru zvifananidzo Bacon: rudzi, mubako, musika, mitambo. Empiricism anodzivisa Rationalist dzenzvimbo uye zvechitendero scholasticism.

Chokwadi empiricism

Pfungwa uye empiricists zvisingapindirani kunzwisisa zvinokonzera ruzivo rwechokwadi. Chokutanga kuzviona yakavimbika zvakawanikwa uye akakurudzira kusamborerutsa chero chii zvacho chataiva, absolutising kufunga uye deductive nzira. Nepo empiricist - ndechokuti patambo induction. Kwainyanya chokwadi vateveri vake kuona munhu kutsinga dzinouya ruzivo (empiricism), manzwiro ake. Chinangwa chikuru chemusha ndiko kunzwisisa manzwiro, muitiro uye kuidzosera abudisa kubva chokwadi munhu yaro yepakutanga, undistorted chimiro. The chikuru zivo nokuda empiricist -, uri pamusoro pezvose, hunhu, vakatarira kwaari uye chiito mairi, generating nemanzwiro. Dzidziso iyi ndiyo pedyo sayenzi zvakadai zvipenyu, mushonga, wefizikisi uye zvenyeredzi.

The chokwadi empiricism - mhenyu kufungisisa mugumisiro, iyo inotaurwa zvinotevera siyana:

• kunzwa (mirroring ari munhu zvivako zviri pfungwa mativi chinhu, ari kukanganisa pfungwa);

• Maonero (kusika chinhu chinokosha mufananidzo anozivikanwa chinhu ari kwetunhu nezvekufadza);

• kumiririrwa (akangwara mugumisiro zvavo mufananidzo-kutsinga dzinouya empiricism, kwete panoonekwa ikozvino, asi rinoitei kare).

Mukuita nokuziva chokwadi murume kwaisanganisira kutarisana, gustatory, tactile, auditory nezvekufadza, kuiswa pasi achishandisa nomusoro uye fungidziro. Empiricist anotsanangura kuvapo mumuviri womunhu eksteroretseptivnoy (pfungwa) uye interoretseptivnye (anonongedzera pamusoro womukati state) hurongwa. Saka, kutsinga dzinouya-mupfungwa uye kutsinga dzinouya-vasanonoka vomumatunhu - nheyo iro kuvaka empiric nzira yechokwadi uye chinangwa ruzivo.