Abelyar Per. Medieval French muzivi, mudetembi uye muimbi

Abelyar Per (1079 - 1142) - kupfuura inozivikanwa muzivi kuMiddle Ages - akaburuka munhau somunhu vakaona mudzidzisi uye chipangamazano, uyo aiva maonero avo pamusoro uzivi kuti Evhangeri yemvura noMweya ndiyo vamwe. Upenyu hwake hwakanga hwakaoma kwete chete nokuda kusawirirana pamwe kazhinji akagamuchira dzidziso; mumuviri nenhamo huru vakauya Pierre rudo: zvechokwadi, nokuwirirana vepachokwadi. A mutauro mupenyu uye anonzwisisika shoko nomuzivi akatsanangura upenyu hwake zvakaoma autobiographical basa "Nhoroondo zvomunyama angu."

Kutanga mugwagwa yakaoma

Kunzwa chivimbo kubva vaduku nehavi ruzivo, Pierre akaramba nhaka achitsigira mhuri, uri ukatsauswa basa rakanaka muchiuto, azvipa zvachose kuti dzidzo.

Pashure kudzidzisa Abelyar Per vakagara Paris, apo akatanga kudzidzisa mumunda zvouMwari uye uzivi, gare gare vakarumbidzwa naye pamutemo uye mukurumbira nounyanzvi dialectic. In hurukuro yake, vakasimuka mutauro wakajeka kwezvokufuka, vanhu vakaungana vachibva zvose pamusoro Europe.

Abelard aiva kuverenga chaizvo uye zvakanaka kuverenga murume, kujairana mabasa Aristotle, Plato, Cicero.

Pakusanganisirawo maonero vadzidzisi vavo - Vatsigiri siyana mugadziriro pfungwa - Pierre kwakasimbiswa yake hurongwa - conceptualism (chinhu avhareji pakati nominalism uye realism), Evhangeri yemvura noMweya ndiyo maonero Champeaux - muzivi French uye husinganzwisisiki. Paanopikiswa pamusoro Abelard Champeaux vakanga hunogutsa kuti ekupedzisira kunyange alters pfungwa dzavo, uye vakazotanga shanje Pierre mukurumbira uye akava muvengi wake mhiko - mumwe zhinji.

Per Abelyar: Dzidziso

Pierre muzvinyorwa kwake aruramiswa ukama pakati nokutenda uye chikonzero, achisarudza yokupedzisira. Maererano muzivi, murume anofanira kutenda tinongoita, nokuti kwakanyorwa unogamuchirwa munyika muvanhu. Dzidziso Pierre Abelard ndechokuti kutenda kunofanira kuva rationally kururamiswa uye kuvandudza mairi murume - ari akachenjera - unogona chete otshlifovyvaya huripo ruzivo kuburikidza dialectics. Kutenda chete kubvuma zvinhu zvisipo manzwiro iripo dzevanhu. In chigadzirwa "Hongu uye kwete," Per Abelyar, muchidimbu tichienzanisa mubhaibheri inotora mashoko zvinobva mudzidziso zvakanyorwa vapristi, inoongorora pfungwa kare uye anowana kusawirirana mune mashoko avo kuvadzinga. Zvino Unobudisa mubvunzo pane imwe chechi dzidziso uye nedzidziso yechiKristu. Kunyange zvakadaro, Abelyar Per haana mubvunzo chikuru zvokudya chiKristu; Akangoti akapa kwavari vanoziva kuitwa. Pashure pezvose, asinganyatsonzwisisi choRugwaro nezvaaiitawo bofu kutenda, akafanana unhu mbongoro asingatendi kunzwisisa Donhwe mimhanzi, asi kuedza nesimba kubvisa huchashandiswa rakanaka rwiyo.

Abelard kwakaita uzivi mumwoyo yevanhu vazhinji

Per Abelyar, uzivi iyo awana nzvimbo mumwoyo yevanhu vakawanda havatamburi rokurara mwero uye akadana pachena pachake oga muzivi chinhu amire munyika. akanga ari murume mukuru nguva yake; aida vakadzi vayemurwe nevanhu. Abelard anowana kubwinya reveled zvakazara.

The chikuru mabasa muzivi French ndiye "hungu uye kwete", "Dialogue pakati muzivi uye muJudha muKristu", "Ziva iwe", "dzidziso dzechiKristu".

Pierre uye Eloise

Zvisinei, vakawanda kubwinya Peter Abelard akauya asina hurukuro, uye kudanana nhoroondo, kwakaita kuti rudo hwake uye akava mhaka chiitiko mune ramangwana usingafari. muzivi akasarudzwa risingatarisirwi kwaari wakange akanaka Heloise, aiva muduku pane Pierre makore 20. Nemanomwe gore musikana aiva nherera uye akakurira muimba babamunini vake seakafuridzirwa Fulbera haana chayavshego mu mweya wake.

Mune muduku akadaro Eloise akanga precocious kuverenga uye kukwanisa kutaura mitauro yakawanda (Latin, chiGiriki, chiHebheru). Pierre, akanzi adzidzise Fulberom Eloise, kudanana naye pakutanga kuona. Uye mudzidzi wake vanoyemurwa guru anofunga uye nyanzvi, akadana yake musanangurwa, uye akanga akagadzirira kuita chinhu ichi nokuchenjera uye fadza murume.

Per Abelyar: A Biography ane chinosuruvarisa rudo

muzivi mukuru kudanana munguva akaratidza zvakare sezvo nyanduri uye munyori, uye akanyora kuti wechiduku akanaka rudo songs, akabva akava akakurumbira.

On the ukama pakati vanoda kuziva zvose, asi Heloise, pachena anozviti unoda Pierre, Hazvisi kunetsa; Mukupesana, akanga vanodada kundomutora basa, nekuti yakanga naye, nherera, Abelard vakadzi nani vakanaka uye anokudzwa fawned parutivi. Beloved akatora Eloise muna Brittany, apo iye akabereka mwanakomana, uyo aiva nomudzimai akamanikidzwa kusiya dzidzo vatorwa. mwana wavo, vakanga vatsakatika.

Gare gare, Per Abelyar uye Heloise pakavanda akaroora; kana muchato yakaitwa pachena, kuti Pierre vaisagona kuva anoremekedzwa zvokunamata uye kuvaka basa muzivi. Eloise, vanosarudza kukura mumudzimu murume uye basa rake (panzvimbo inorema upenyu manapukeni mwana uye nomumakango nokusingaperi), akaviga muchato wake uye paakadzokera kumba babamukuru akati kuti unoda Pierre.

Wakatsamwira Fulber aisagona kuti urarame tsika kuwa vana vevanun'una uye mumwe usiku pamwe navabatsiri vake vakapinda mumba Abelard, iye apo akanga akarara, yakasungirirwa uye akakuvadzwa. Shure kwaizvozvo noutsinye vachirikitwa Pierre pamudyandigere kuna Abbey pamusoro Saint-Denisskoe uye Heloise akava sisita pacho Arzhanteyskom. Zvaizoratidza sokuti rudo yepanyika pfupi uye zvinooneka, urwo rwakatora makore maviri, akapera. Kutaura chokwadi, chete ikava yakasiyana Danho - pedyo pakunamata, zvisinganzwisisiki uye dzisingambosvikiki kuvanhu vazhinji.

One pamusoro vafundisi

Pashure kurarama kwenguva yakati nemimba uye akaramba akazvivanza, Abelyar Per akatangazve zvokuita, achipa nzira dzakawanda zvikumbiro kubva vadzidzi. Zvisinei, iyi, akatora zvombo kurwisa chechiJudha vafundisi avo zvinowanikwa bhuku "Mhinzo Theology" zvinopesana Church nedzidziso tsanangudzo dzidziso yoUtatu. Ichi chaiva chikonzero kupomerwa nhema pamusoro muzivi; bhuku rake chakatsva, uye Abelard mujeri wemamongi St .. Medard. wakaomarara kwakadaro kwakaita kusagutsikana zvikuru nevafundisi French, vanokudzwa, vakawanda vari kudzidza Abelard. Naizvozvo Pierre vakazoroorwa akapiwa mvumo kudzokera St. Denisskoe Abbey. Asi kunyange ipapo akaratidza kwake oga, kuti vataure zvavanoda nemaonero, pane akavengwa zvemamongi. Musimboti Kusagutsikana ravo rakanga pakuvhurwa chokwadi pamusoro muvambi Abbey wechokwadi. Maererano Pierre Abelard, hazvina Dionisiy Areopagit - mboni muApostora Pauro, uyo akagara zvikuru paya nguva, mumwe mutsvene. Kubva kutsamwa muzivi mamongi aifanira kutiza; Akawana utiziro murenje iri Seine, pedyo Nogent, apo akanga - munyaradzi inotungamirira chokwadi, vakabatana nemazana yevadzidzi.

Pierre Abelard akatanga kutambudzwa itsva, nokuda aakataura aida kusiya France. Zvisinei, panguva iyi akanga akasarudzwa abbot pamusoro Saint-Zhildskogo wemamongi, uko akapedza makore 10. Eloise akanga apa Parakletsky wemamongi; akatama wake nemasisita, uye Pierre kubatsira nayo basa nhau.

Kupomerwa pedzidziso

Muna 1136, Pierre akadzokera Paris, apo akatanga zvakare kuti kutsoropodza pa St. chikoro. Genevieve. Dzidziso Pierre Abelard uye aiziva kubudirira haana kupa zororo kuna vavengi vake, kunyanya Bernard pamusoro Clairvaux. Muzivi kamwe zvakare yakatanga tichitambudzwa. From Pierre mabasa vakasarudzwa prices vane pfungwa, ndiko unopfuura zvinopesana voruzhinji, izvo zvakazoita kuti idzva kupomerwa nhema. Rakaungana Cathedral of Sens Bernard akaita se muchuchisi, uye kunyange zvazvo mashoko ake akaneta zvakakwana, wakaita basa guru simba, kusanganisira papa; Cathedral Abelard yakazivisa muhedheni.

Abelard uye Heloise: pamwechete kudenga

Kutambudzwa Abelard akapa pokugara kuna Petro seane uchenjeri - Abbot klyuinsky, kutanga Abbey yake, uye ipapo muSt Markella wemamongi .. Pane anorwara rusununguko pfungwa apedza kwayo zvakaoma nzira muupenyu; Akafa musi April 21 1142, ava nemakore 63 okuberekwa. Eloise wake akafa muna 1164; waivawo makore 63 okuberekwa. Vaviri makavigwa pamwe chete Parakletskom Abbey. Kana rakaparadzwa, madota Pierre Abelard uye Heloise yaitakurwa kuna Paris kumakuva kuti Pere Lachaise. Nanhasi, vanoda kugara tombstone iri yakashongedzwa nezvishongo.