Johan Huizinga: Biography, mapikicha

Johan Huizinga (zuva rekuzvarwa: 7 December 1872, Date Rufu: February 1, 1945.) - Dutch wenhau, muzivi tsika uye mumwe havaoni pane ano Mutsika. Kushandisa pfungwa nemaonero nowakautangira ake, Yakoba Burkhardta, Huizinga vaiona nhoroondo chaizvoizvo, kwete chete rezvematongerwo enyika, asi naiyewo nemagariro chakarondedzera. Akatanga zvinganaka kutsanangura nhoroondo sezvo dzakaunganidzwa zvose zvine chokuita nevanhu, kusanganisira chitendero, uzivi, zvemutauro, tsika, unyanzvi, mabhuku, mungano, mashura, uye zvichingodaro. Vachiramba philological nzira Huizinga akaedza rinoratidza upenyu, manzwiro, zvitendero, maonero, vanofarira, tsika uye aesthetic kufunga muchiedza dzavo nemagariro mashoko. Akaedza kuita zvinyorwa, naro vaverengi aigona kunzwa mweya vanhu vaigara kare, kunzwa manzwiro avo, kunzwisisa pfungwa dzavo. Kuti uite izvi, dzakaitika kushandiswa kwete chete Kurondedzera chaiko, asi mifananidzo.

zvisikwa

"The Autumn the Ages" (1919), mumwe Nyanzvi nezvenhoroondo netsika, anosanganisa pfungwa uye zvifananidzo, mabhuku uye nhoroondo, chitendero uye uzivi, akava nomukurumbira kupfuura kunyora Huizinga, kumubudisa mukurumbira sezvo muvambi nhoroondo tsika muzana remakore rechimakumi maviri uye mugari wenhaka Burckhardt. Gare gare Johan Huizinga akanyora basa "Man Game" (1938). Mariri anorondedzera musimboti munhu ane pfungwa "playfulness", rinoreva mutambo kubudikidza urombo chinyakare munhu uye anoramba sezvaari mufananidzo dzakasiyana-siyana mutsika dzakasiyana-siyana. Huizinga akaratidza sei siyana netsika dzevanhu vakaberekwa uye dzakabudirira, vasara okunatsiridza uye kuratidzirwa playfulness.

upenyu

Johan Huizinga, vane Biography haasi akazara adventures, akaberekerwa yeGroningen, Netherlands. Pandaidzidza paUniversity, iye majored muna Sanskrit uye akadzivirira ake doctorate chinyorwa panyaya "Basa jester iri Indian mutambo" muna 1897. Chete muna 1902, Huizinga kuziva nhoroondo Ages uye Renaissance. Akagara payunivhesiti vachidzidzisa dzokuMabvazuva tsika, kusvikira agamuchira musoro purofesa vakawanda uye National nhoroondo muna 1905. Makore gumi gare gare, akanga akagadzwa muzvinafundo World History pa weLeiden University - achidzidzisa kusvikira 1942. Kubvira kusvikira parufu rwake muna 1945, Huizinga yakaitwa musungwa reNazi muguta duku riri pedyo Arnhem. Akavigwa kumakuva of Reformed Church mutaundi Oegstgeest.

akatangirwa

Pakurukurwa Huizinga Jacob Burckhardt, uyo akararama namapfumbamwe remakore, kutanga ndakatanga kufunga nyaya kubva nemaonero tsika. Burkhardt dzinotyisa akatsoropodza kwakapararira mumarudzi ake philological uye nzira enyika hanya nhoroondo chaizvo. Johan Huizinga (mufananidzo) akaramba uye vakava aizotangira nzira, kutanga Genre itsva - nhoroondo netsika.

yakasiyana kusvika

History of vaivaona dzakaunganidzwa zvakawanda zvoupenyu hwevanhu, kusanganisira zvitendero uye mashura, tsika nemagariro, magariro kurambidzwa uye taboos, pfungwa yetsika kuita uye runako, uye zvichingodaro. Huizinga akaramba Conceptual schematization uye akagadziridzwa munhau pasi nzwisisa templates. Akaedza kutaura mamiriro yevanhu mweya uye pfungwa kuburikidza zviroto, tariro, kutya uye kuzvidya mwoyo nomuzvizvarwa zvakapfuura. Akanga kufarira pfungwa runako uye mashoko aro kuburikidza unyanzvi.

nziyo

Kushandisa kwayo mabhuku unyanzvi unrivaled, Johan Huizinga ave vakakwanisa nezvevaKristu sei vanhu vaigara kare, tainzwa nokududzirwawo dzavo nemagariro chaizvo. Nokuti iye, nhoroondo haana kakawanda enyika, isina manzwiro chaiwo uye nezvekufadza, pasina risingagoni kurarama kuroorwa. Huizinga akakura basa, "The Autumn the Ages" (1919), rakanyorwa kubva nemaonero ichi.

Basa iri rinofanira kutanga kuitwa sechinhu dzakaitika tsvakurudzo, asi anoenda kure mhiri yakamanikana nechirango Genre chenhau rondedzero sechinhu Analytical, philological kudzidza kakawanda. Mukupesana, basa iri unoratidza interdisciplinary tsika chaizvoizvo, zviri zvakanyatsobatana anthropology, aesthetics, uzivi, mungano, chitendero, nhoroondo ounyanzvi uye mabhuku. Kunyange zvazvo munyori akateerera safunga zvinhu zvenhoroondo yevanhu, zviri zvikuru tichitsoropodza irrationalism "uzivi woupenyu".

Pazera makumi matanhatu nemashanu wenhoroondo okuberekwa akabudisa imwe Nyanzvi - basa "yomunhu mutambo" (1938). It ndopakaperawo makore ake akawanda basa muminda nhoroondo uye uzivi tsika. Huizinga mukurumbira ndaunza Bhuku "Erasmus" (1924).

"Autumn of Ages"

"The Autumn the Ages" rava yakakurumbira bhuku wenhau. Zviri nemhaka vomunguva yake vakawanda vakawana ndiani Johan Huizinga, uye vakakwanisa tinyatsoziva zviitiko itsva sayenzi.

Jacob Burckhardt nevamwe vanyori kuMiddle Ages kwainzi akatangira Renaissance, uye vakarondedzera kwavari sezvo Dzinde realism. basa Burckhardt kwakaita pfungwa rokuItari Renaissance, uye akapotsa haana kuvanza nguva tsika French, Netherlands uye dzimwe nyika kuchamhembe Alps European.

Huizinga akashora kududzirwa Ages kusvikira Renaissance maonero. Aidavira kuti Ages tsika richiwedzera uye akapukunyuka yepamusoro ayo chiitiko nemiviri uye nematatu emakore, uye akabva akasvika kuderera regumi namana uye namashanu emakore. Maererano Huizinga, nhoroondo nguva, sezvo munhu mupenyu zvakasikwa, vanozvarwa uye kufa; ndokusaka Late Middle Ages yaiva nguva rufu uye kuchinja nguva kuti mberi rumutsiriro. Somuenzaniso, muchitsauko "Rufu Coil" Johan Huizinga remakore rechigumi nemashanu vanotaurwa muna zvinotevera nzira: pfungwa rufu vakawanda mupfungwa dzevanhu, uye nomuimbirwo kuti "kutamba rufu" inova chikamu chomunda mifananidzo. Akaona zvakawanda moodiness, kurukutika, uye zvomunguva yakapfuura nokuti kare - zviratidzo tsika vakwegura pane zviratidzo kupora uye netariro zvakafanana nezvaiitwa vamwe Renaissance.

Pasinei zvishoma shoma nemaonero anoratidzwa mubhuku "The Autumn kuMiddle Ages", ichingori chaiwo basa iri nhoroondo netsika uye nzvimbo rukudzo iri ndima pamwe yakakurumbira mabasa Yakoba Burkhardta.