Natural muuzivi Renaissance sezvo kuenderera tsika yekare

Nevazivi kare kuedza kutsanangura yezvakaita musoro - Inokonzera pezvakaitwa kuitika mairi, ukama pakati ayo mananara, kuwana zvinoreva mairi, uye chikuru kana chikuru hwaro. Izvi mirayiridzo kwouzivi akanzi dzinongoitika uzivi. Danho rokutanga kukura mirayiridzo iyi yakanga zvakasikwa muuzivi kare, kupfuura hwokufananidzira vamiririri iyo anonzi Milesian chikoro uye vateveri Achibvuma pfungwa yaPythagoras (pre-yaSocrates nguva, VII-VI remakore BC).

Vazivi chikoro Milesian anozivikanwa pragmatism uye kutsvaka rimwe musimboti zvakasikwa pamwe anoshanda zvakagadzirwa zvakadai muchadenga zviridzwa, mepu, zvairatidza nguva. Saka, Thales akatenda shoko mupenyu, asi kazhinji kutanga zvinhu - mvura. Anaximander akadana primordial nyaya "apeiron", muchitenda kuti somugumisiro aivapo kupokanidzana mairi (hot-chando), nyika raivapo. Akanga gilozoistom, kuti vakatenda kuna rarama nyaya. Anaximenes aimiririra nheyo yokutanga sezvo mhepo, uye Heraclitus - moto. Achibvuma pfungwa yaPythagoras uye Pythagoreans akaona mumazuva usingaonekwi hwaro zvose uye zvavo encrypted nokuzivikanwa. Vose kugoverana kutenda kuti zvose interconnected zviri muchadenga, rarama, zvose - vanhu, vamwari, mhuka - vane nzvimbo yavo uye chinangwa.

Sezvineiwo, uzivi kuti unoedza kutsanangura mamiriro nenzira yakafanana uye kunyange kusvika pamwero kudzorera cosmocentrism kare, kuzodzosera yakabuda muna Renaissance. Natural muuzivi Renaissance kunoratidzwa vachiedza kutsanangura kwete chete hunhu, asiwo kubatanidza uzivi yechiKristu cosmocentrism uye kunyange pantheism. Yokungotaura uye epistemological kwakavakirwa kuti nzira iyi mafungiro yakakodzera ndezvaJehovha Nikolayu Kuzanskomu, uyo anobva mumhuri murimi mudiki, uyo akava mufundisi. Akaedza kutsanangura uzivi uye dzidziso kwemasvomhu zviratidzo, kufanana Pythagoreans, uyewo isimbiswe mhando zvinocherechedzesa Nature uye Mwari. Mwari, kubva nemaonero Nikolaya Kuzanskogo - kwakakwana munhu, izvo zvakafanana zvishoma uye kunonyanyisa, asi ndiye Wamazvirokwazvo mu "yakadhirika" chimiro iripo pakutenda. Ari "pachena" zvakasikwa, uye ipapo pfungwa kunzwisisa izvozvo. Iye akataura mazano mashoma kuti akatangira sezvo Copernican pfungwa, uye zvinhu zviri Hegelian dialectic.

Natural muuzivi Renaissance, munhu anonzwisisa Nikolaem Kuzanskim, yakazokudziridzwa uye chaizvoizvo kwakavakirwa Neapolitan Bernardino Telesio. Mwari Ichokwadi akasika nyika, kuva wokutanga chido, achidurura munyika, asi iye kunopfuura nyika, uye nekuti yokupedzisira iri hunodzorwa nheyo acho. Zvinhu zvose zviri zvinhu, kunyange zvazvo nheyo materiality asingaoneki. Chikonzero nesayenzi vanonzi kuziva hunhu chiri akazvimirira uye ndiye chete anopa zivo. Kudzidza hunhu, unogona kukwira Mwari. Akararamazve antiikki hylozoism, vachifungidzira kuti nyaya zvose anokwanisa kunzwa, uye akaisa mberi dzidziso kuti sangano zvose zvakasikwa kunotangira pamberi zvakapesana.

Bernardino Telesio akasika yekwake nenzanga vaongorori hunhu (Academia Telesiana). Tinogona kutaura kuti chaiwo muuzivi Renaissance anomiririrwa zvakasikwa nguva, akadai Leonardo da Vinci, The maitiro nokudzidza zvakasikwa uye kumbofungidzira experimentally-kwemasvomhu nzira kuferefeta kuti Francis Bacon. Kunotangwa nzira iyi Galileo Galilei, iro ndiro Telesio, akatenda kuti Mwari akasika nyika, asi iye kachitanga maererano nemitemo yavo, uye kudzidza zvinogoneka chete pachishandiswa kuedza.

Vanodzidza nezvenyeredzi Nikolay Kopernik, Iogann Kepler uye Tycho Brahe, kufanana vazhinji Renaissance dzemitambo, zvakare, vakabatsira kuti uzivi hwezvisikwa. Natural muuzivi Renaissance chikwereti kuna Copernicus kuti basa rake "On the nokumukirana kwemiviri yokudenga," iye chaizvoizvo akabva Nyika kubva muchadenga, uye munhu "Pfungwa" nechepakati zvakasikwa, kuisa Cosmos, pasinei paradigmatu yesayenzi nguva yake. Ndokusaka ari guva rake anoti: "akamisa zuva uye akatamira Nyika". Kepler uye Tycho Brahe mathematically kwaratidza Copernican dzidziso riparadzirwe mapuraneti nokuenzanisa mitemo rwokufamba yavo.

Natural muuzivi Renaissance chaauya zvinonakidza nhamba mbiri - ndiye Giordano Bruno uye Paracelsus (Theophrastus Bombast pakati Gogeghayma). Bruno haana kuramba kuti Mwari unoparara zvakasikwa, uye saka, Nature kuva parinogumira zvose zvavo (modes ose) inoti - ndiko, mumweya muchadenga. Naizvozvo, panofanira kuva kwete chete nyika, asi nyika zhinji, uye zuva - ndiwo mumwe nyeredzi. Kufanana dzinongoitika vazivi vakawanda, Bruno anonziwo vaiona hunhu zvokunyama uye panguva imwecheteyo vakagarwa pakutakura kubatana zvose zvinotaurwa. Paracelsus akanga zvese chiremba, muongorori wenyeredzi, uye alchemist. Iye, zvakare, aiva nechokwadi chokuti zvakasikwa kune vakawanda ukama, uye kuti upenyu, asi ndinotenda kuti ukama ichi - "mashiripiti uye rakavanzika" nokuti zvichibvira mumwe kiyi "Kuwanikwa kwezvinhu zvakasikwa." Natural uzivi kwakanga akakurumbira kwete chete mumarudzi ake - nezvake akanga kunozivikanwa uye iye Doctor Faustus prototypes mu European mabhuku.