Philosophy Berdyaev

Berdyaev (1874-1948) aibva mumhuri chakanaka. Pandaidzidza paYunivhesiti Kiev, akatanga kupinda Circling of Social Democrats uye kufarira pfungwa Marxism. Nechekare iyi kuti akava kufarira mibvunzo kwouzivi ndakaverenga Hegel, Kant, Schelling, Marx, Schopenhauer, Nietzsche, NdiTolstoy. Zvishoma nezvishoma kuumbwa yayo muuzivi Berdyaev, nzvimbo yaiva yechitendero idealist uzivi. Nokufamba kwenguva, akava mumwe kupfuura kupindirana nevatsoropodzi pfuma uye Marxism.

maonero ake yakaumbwa panguva basa iri "Mibvunzo Muupenyu" uye "Nzira Itsva". Ndiye muvambi kwechitendero-kwouzivi munzanga, inonzi "Memory Soloviev." Muna 1911 akabudisa basa rake rokutanga. "Uzivi rusununguko," Berdyaev akaratidza okuguma ake mukutsvaga ari zvikapa kururamisirwa muuzivi "chiNazi chiKristu" uye tsanangudzo "itsva kuziva vechitendero". Muna 1916 akazviratidza ake rinotevera basa, "Zvinoreva okugadzira zvinhu", izvo aiziva pfungwa dzake.

The War World First zvikuru maonero muzivi, iye ndokuutora sezvo mugumo humanistic nhoroondo. Nhoroondo simba kuti akakwanisa kuzadzisa basa zvekare kwechiKristu revanhu, akaona chete Russia. Naizvozvo noushamwari kuti February Revolution uye October nehasha okusafarira vakanzwisisa. The Bolshevik gutsaruzhinji mubhuku rake rinonzi "The Uzivi kuti kusaruramisira" Akadana "kumanikidzwa muukama."

Berdyaev akasika Free Academy of Culture Spiritual. Kurambwa of Bolshevik dzematongerwe akaita nayo pfungwa nezviremera, akasungwa kaviri muna 1922 - vakandowanikwa kumwe kuti "chikepe youzivi".

Mabasa huru kuti vataure unhu muuzivi Berdyaev, vakasikwa munguva yokutapwa (Berlin pakutanga, ipapo guta reFrance Clamart). zvikuru mabasa ake - "Uzivi of Free Mweya", "Zvinoreva okugadzira zvinhu", "Uranda uye rusununguko evanhu", "Mweya uye Reality," "Umambo Mweya noumambo Kesari," ". Zvakaitika yemagumo metaphysics"

The nzvimbo yake Kufungisisa kwouzivi - dingindira murume. uzivi Berdyaev wakanga kwakavakirwa uchapupu rusununguko okugadzira zvinhu uye unhu. Kudzidzisa kwake kunotaurwa kuti dzinoitwa existentialism uye personalism.

Berdyaev aidavira kuti kwevanhu kusurukirwa, kusachengeteka uye kusiyiwa dzomuShoko evanhu kwezvakatipoteredza, varanda munhu uye zvinokurudzira kuti kuora mwoyo ordinariness. Kubva hunodzvinyirira Kutya munhu anokwanisa kusunungura chete uzivi kuti uri budiriro nebenzi, chisimba unhu hwenyika (basa "Ini uye nyika zvinhu," iro Berdyaev akanyora nokukurumidza).

Uzivi rusununguko mubasa rake rave kutaurwa mabhuku akawanda, pakati pavo "Self-zivo". Dzidziso wake zvainanga kubatsira munhu kuti kutora proactive uye zvakasikwa nzvimbo, saka anotyora kusakwana upenyu.

pfungwa dzayo nhatu huru - ndiyo pfungwa "chiKristu nokudenga," pfungwa rusununguko zvinhu uye kuti ruregerero. Kazhinji, maonero ake paradoskalno yokusafa pfungwa upenyu dambudziko uye kudanana panguva imwecheteyo chivimbo mukukunda yakanaka.

Somunhu anofunga yechitendero Berdyaev akasika yepakutanga cosmogonic maonero enyika. Asati upenyu iripo rakadzikadzika (the safunga mamiriro rusununguko). Kureva, rusununguko yakanga pakurukurwa zvachose zvose, kunyange Mwari, uyo akaberekwa uye akazova akasika nyika uye vanhu. Of Mwari akadurura mweya kufema munhu navo. Naizvozvo, nyika ine zvigadziko zviviri: mweya uye rusununguko. nezvigadziko izvi ikashandiswa munhu uye anopikisana. Mweya chikuru chokuita zvinhu nyika uye zvikuru vanhu. Sezvo kunosanganisira kuziva uye asanyanya pakati pavanhu.

uzivi Berdyaev kwakaita akapa yakanaka rusununguko munzanga, yaakakudanirai "personalist gutsaruzhinji," iro raireva ndiro rine chokwadi wacho pamusoro nzanga. Asi nharaunda iyi vanhu havagoni kubudirira muvanhu, asi chete muna Mwari ( "collegiality"). Saka, zvinorehwa kwevanhu ndiko eMweya umambo hwaMwari. Nhoroondo The Earth iri finite, asi hazvisi njodzi, uye KUKUNDA nokuvengana, kusazivana uye objectification.