Ari Sherlock Holmes deductive nzira inoshandiswa?

Mabhuku gamba Conan Doyle - kwakajeka Detective Sherlock Holmes - zvizhinji uye anotaura ari yakareba pamusoro wake nzira yaanobhadhara. Uye kuti, kazhinji anoisa vaverengi ari bofu mukoto, kujairana dzinokosha pfungwa nomufungo. Pashure pezvose deductive mafungiro - ichi mhedziso, zvichitungamirira kubva mukuru kune zvikuru. Nyore Muenzaniso nharo ichi: tiri kuziva simba kukwezvana Nyika; Tine pfungwa mukuru kuti mvura rinowira pasi, kwete nenhokwe kukwira; kakawanda kuchengetwa mvura inodonha rikurumidze. Izvi mukuru anotuma tikwanise zvine musoro kufungidzira kuti akaita Niagara Falls (private), kunyange isu kumboona.

Asi isu tese Sherlock Holmes anoshandisa mhando dzakasiyana kwazvo kumhedziso, asi, zvakawanda soMunyengetero induction, kureva, pamukwidzwa kubva zvikurukuru zvavo. The dope shangu dzendege rinogumisa kuti vanhu vabva vekumaruwa, makwapa akasvibirika uye Tags cobbler kuti hondo majombo - kwete mupfumi, asi nokunamatira kubva muhomwe njanji matikiti rinogumisa kuti raakasvika muLondon nechitima. In yake yakakurumbira mutikitivha nekugadzirisa mhosva akabata causal ngetani madota ane fodya - uchisvuta - vavariro dzake - nezvezvisikwa uchisvuta. Uye pakupedzisira kuti mhedziso: tsotsi - Mr X. In nyaya nomukurumbira yaanobhadhara Holmes akafunga kuti aende yakasiyana zvachose nzira: Mr. X zvakafanana zvikuru mutadzi, apo vamwe vanhu zameshennye iyi, kwete. kare ake murima. Aiva chinangwa kuuraya munhu. Panguva iri mhosva haana umboo. Naizvozvo, muurayi - Mr. X.

Saka chii deductive nzira inoshandiswa mubishi kugadzirisa mhosva Holmes? Pakutanga, kunenge kuti pahwaro duku mashoko, iye recreates utsotsi chiitiko sokunge kuzodzosera wakadzikwa pamberi pake. Somuenzaniso, panyaya kuba pfuma Agra pamusoro kutevera vaduku tsoka pamwe yakabudikira minwe mutikitivha anoziva kuti munhu wakasiya mucherechedzo wake, kwete chaizvo varefu, uye haana vaipfeka bhutsu. Mumwe pfungwa nesimba, uye ndizvo iwe, chaikonzera - a Pygmy kubva kuna Andaman Islands.

Zvaizoratidza sokuti pane mambure induction - pamukwidzwa kubva zvikurukuru mukuru (uchapupu kubva dzakavanzika kuti zvizere pamusoro mhosva). Nepo deductive nzira - anoburukira kubva mukuru kune zvikuru. Asi chokwadi hapana kupokana pano. Holmes anoti: "All upenyu - risina kumiswa causal cheni, asi chimiro redunhu ichi tinogona kuongorora chete mumwe Links yayo." Yeukai muenzaniso remvura Niagara Falls? Hechino chimwe akatorwa chinokosha kubva Conan Doyle, uko mabhuku gamba rinoti nzira yake: "Imhosva All anoratidza sungano huru. Ivo (the vaishandira Scotland Yard) yakandibatsira kuti ezvinhu imwe nyaya. Kuziva zvose 1000 zviitiko, zvingava chinoshamisa haana kukanganisika mashoko 1,001th ".

Saka, Holmes deductive nzira presupposes ruzivo pamusoro dzinokosha kwemhosva (semuenzaniso, kuuraya, kuba, chitsotsi). Kuuraya iye Classified maererano "muti mhuri" mhondi kubva godo, unotiranga, kutsiva, etc. Gare gare zvinoitika kuti umhondi kuti vagamuchire nhaka Duke uye umhondi akaita nokuda pakuva chenhaka Esquire, zvakare, vane chaizvo dzavo, uye zvichingodaro, pasi zvidukuduku. Detective, asi, panzvimbo paizvozvo, kuti munyori, sechinhu wokuEngland, uye vane pfungwa chitsuwa (kureva vaifungidzira muBritish Isles) mhosva mutemo, kunobva pakuti itsva, isati kuzivisa mhosva aiva muenzaniso kare, uye zvakakodzera nokungoita ichi fomu akakodzera.

Tinogona kutaura nechivimbo kuti, pasinei nechitarisiko induction, Holmes ndiye deductive nzira anotora mukana musoro Masvomhu. Kuridza gitare kana kusvuta pamoto, kwakajeka mutikitivha anofunga sei kuti kuiswa mumapoka imwe mhosva? Revenge? Godo? Makaro? Sherlock anoramba zvose zvakaipa sezvo asere gorosi kubva hundi, asi kwete chete kugadzirisa zviyo vachasara vari mumaoko ake. Akati pamusoro nzira yake: "Ini akakanda parutivi zvose zvisingabviri, chii anoramba - ndiyo mhinduro yomubvunzo, zvisinei kuti tarenda zvingaita sokuti."