Michel de mbuya, muzivi of Renaissance: a Biography, zvinyorwa

Munyori, muzivi uye mudzidzisi, Michel de mbuya akararama panguva apo yakaguma Renaissance uye Yokuchinja. Akanga akaberekerwa February 1533, munzvimbo yacho Dordogne (France). Uye upenyu uye mabasa Munhu anofunga muri rudzi kuratidzwa "pakati" nguva intertemporal. Vamwe maonero murume uyu zvinoshamisa kuuya nacho ano yaitonga. Ndosaka uzivi kare nharo kuti, haafaniri zvose zvinofanira kunzi itsva nguva yepakutanga, sezvo Michel de mbuya.

Biography

Pakutanga, ramangwana mhuri muzivi raishambadzirana. baba vake, mumwe German, regai kutaura French, akanzi Pierre Eykemom. The mai, Antoinette of Lopez, aibva mumhuri vapoteri kubva Spanish rweRoma Aragon - vakasiya nzvimbo idzi paitambudzwa wavaJudha. Asi baba Michel kwakaita basa rakanaka, uye kunyange akava Meya Bordeaux. guta rino Papera wakapata chihombe basa muupenyu muzivi. For chinoshamisa kushumira Bordo Per Eykem iye aigona kupinzwa kwamachinda, uye nekuti zvaaiva nyika mbuya uye zvechizarira runoenzanirana kuda chakaitwa kuti mhuri yake. Castle pacharo akaberekwa uye Michelle. Baba akakwanisa kupa mwanakomana wake dzidzo pamba, iri zvinogoneka chete panguva. Iye kunyange akataura mhuri Michel chete muchiLatin, mukomana haana kuzorora.

basa rekuita

Saka, remangwana muzivi vanyoresa kukoreji Bordeaux, uye ipapo akava gweta. Kubva muduku ake kuororwa fungidziro akarova utsinye, vaiva vanhu vanokwanisa nokuda chitendero. Pamwe ndosaka munguva iri Huguenot nezvehondo muFrance, akaedza svitsanisa pakati anorwisana mapati. Kanenge ake pachokwadi akauya zviitike, uye akateerera zvaanofunga vatungamiriri vose nevaPurotesitendi. Nezvake, zvakare, zvinogona kutaurwa mundima: "Uye ini kumira ndoga pakati pavo ...." Iye aizivikanwawo somunhu somuKristu mutongi, kuedza kupinda yokugara chibvumirano. Asi muna 1565 akaroora, uye mwenga vakauya kwaari guru roora. Uye makore matatu gare gare baba vake vakafa, zvichisiya mwanakomana wake mhuri wemunda. Zvino, Michel de mbuya aiva mari yakakwana kubata zvavanofarira kana basa. Saka akaita kuti anobatsira kutengesa kunze MUTONGI ake.

mafungiro

Pamusoro mudyandigere ake nemakore 38, Michelle pakupedzisira akazvipa kuna ake kufarira basa. In wemunda, akanyora yakakurumbira bhuku rake - "ruzivo". Pashure racho mavhoriyamu maviri basa yokutanga muna 1580, muzivi vakaenda uye vakashanyira nyika dzakawanda dzokuEurope - Italy, Germany, Switzerland. Kufanana nababa vake, akanga kaviri akasarudzwa Meya Bordeaux. The guta vakafadzwa revatungamiriri mbuya, muzivi, kunyange zvazvo panguva iyoyo yaiva kure France. Akanyorawo diaries uye kufamba manotsi. Akararama nokuzvininipisa uye akafa pazera remakore makumi mashanu nezvipfumbamwe namakore, muna 1592, imo muchechi panguva basa rako pachako Castle. Muzivi akanyora mabasa avo kwete chete pane French uye Latin, asiwo wokuItaly uye Occitan mutauro.

hwose basa

The chikuru basa mbuya unomirira rondedzero. Kutaura zvazviri, Genre pachayo akazviratidza kuonga muzivi. Pashure shanduro shoko "rondedzero" kubva French uye rinoreva "ruzivo". bhuku rake haina kufanana ndivo vaiva nevakawanda munguva Renaissance. Ichi hachisi zvesayenzi kana youzivi yekutanga. Haana zano, hapana mamiriro. It zvichiratidza uye nemaonero pamusoro upenyu, dzakaunganidzwa mashoko, tsime kutaura nevapenyu. Tinogona kutaura kuti Michel de mbuya chete zvechokwadi pfungwa dzake uye zvakawanika, sezvo Mwari akaisa muzana capita. Asi manotsi izvi vakanga vakatondeswa kupukunyuka remakore.

"Kuedza". pfupiso

Essays mbuya chinhu mu-pakati zvichiratidza uye kureurura. Mubhuku, yakawanda pachako, umo akavaziva vamwe. Panguva iyoyowo kuongorora pachako, Michel de mbuya kuedza kunzwisisa hunhu yevanhu mweya pachayo. Yaanouya pachake ari kuratidza kuti kunzwisisa vamwe. Mbuya rudzi chokwadi, mwoyo vanhu uye pfungwa dzake uyewo mikana yekudzidza. Anoedza tuzvikonzero pfungwa egoism uye mufaro, inobva nevaStoiki. Panguva iyoyowo muzivi criticizes iye ave ano Catholic scholasticism uye kusava nechokwadi, chokwadi vose unhu.

Pane zvinangwa vechokwadi?

Vazivi zvenyika pasi simba, - anoti mbuya. Vanotovimba Thomas Aquinas, Augustine, Aristotle, uye zvichingodaro. Asi vakuru izvi zvinogona kuva chakaipa. The chete zvinogona kutaurwa pamusoro kwedu pfungwa. Mune dzimwe nzira, ichokwadi, asi haagoni kushanda sechinhu simba vamwe. Zvichitaurwa, tagara vakanzwisisa kuti ruzivo rwedu ishoma. Muzivi Michel de mbuya anokandazve kwete chete pane simba kare, asi vo nevatambi izvi. Akanga dzinonetsa kufunga unhu hwakanaka nehanya nevamwe uye tsika dzakanaka zvachose. Mbuya anodavira kuti vose masirogani kuti kushandisa masimba kutsausa vanhu. Mumwe ane kurarama rusununguko uye chiremera, sezvo achida vanakidzwe. Anofanira kuda vamwe. Ipapo tigokuzivisai ushingi kuti hakupindirani nehasha, kutya uye kunyadziswa.

Mwari uye Philosophy

Mbuya akazivisa zvakajeka pachavo sezvo haazivikanwi. "Handigoni kutaura chinhu pamusoro paMwari, chiitiko ichi ndine, - akaudza vaverengi vake kana zvakadaro, muupenyu zvinofanira anonyanya anotungamirirwa pfungwa dzenyu Vaya vanoti pfungwa dzavo - .. The zvakanakisisa, asi zvakadaro kuedza kumanikidzira vamwe Me kuteerera, regai vanofanira kuremekedzwa. Naizvozvo zviri nani kuti tisaita chehunyaunyau uye equalize kodzero zvitendero zvose. Philosophy kunofanira kusundira munhu kurarama upenyu hwakanaka uye kuti kutevera tsika dzakanaka, kwete kuti kubatanidzwa akafa uye isinganzwisisiki kuti vakawanda mitemo. Ipapo vanhu vachadzidza kugara chokwadi. By neschas mbambaira vanofanira kubatwa, "philosophically," kana iwe usingagoni mutsauko Uye kuti kutambura zvishoma, kuti vauye yakadaro mupfungwa, kana mufaro Runonzwika kusimbaradzwa, uye marwadzo -. zvishoma havafaniri kuremekedza ose ezvinhu nokuti akakwana, asi nekuda. nechimuko simba vaizongoguma kutungamirira mamwe dambudziko. "

Mbuya kupedza zvakawanda vakafunga chizvarwa chitsva dzidzo. Munzvimbo iyi, akatevera zvose nevatambi ose ari Renaissance. Munhu haafaniri kuva nyanzvi, uye ichiita mabasa akawanda munhu, uye zvechokwadi kwete Chero zvazvingava, kwete mupengo. Izvi zvakanga zvachose mupfungwa Michel de mbuya. Pedagogy, kubva ake nemaonero - unyanzvi kuva mwana zvakasimba kuda uye tsika zvakasimba kuti inoita kutsungirira vicissitudes oupenyu uye unyatsobatsirwa mufaro. Mbuya aifarira pfungwa vakararama panguva yake kwete chete uye akafemerwa tevera zvizvarwa. nevafungi kwakadaro uye vanyori sezvo Pascal, Descartes, Voltaire, Rousseau, Bossuet, Pushkin uye NdiTolstoy, kushandisa pfungwa dzake, nharo naye kana kusawirirana. Kusvikira zvino, mibvunzo mbuya kurasa mukurumbira.