Antiscientism - a munzvimbo kwouzivi. Uzivi dzinokura zvikoro

Antiscientism - a kuitika kwouzivi kuti anoshora sayenzi. The chikuru Pfungwa vateveri ndechokuti sayenzi hakufaniri kukanganisa hwevanhu. Harina nzvimbo muupenyu hwezuva nezuva, saka iwe haufaniri kuteerera zvikuru. Nei Ivo saka kusarudza, apo zvakaitika uye sei kurapa nokuda vazivi munyaya ino.

Zvakatanga pamwe scientism

Tinofanira kutanga kunzwisisa chii scientism, uye ipapo unogona anozodzidza huru nyaya. Scientism - ichi chidimbu kwouzivi kuitika, izvo anoziva sayenzi chemhando ukoshi. André Comte-Sponville, mumwe havaoni kuti scientism, akati kuti sayenzi unofanira kuonekwa sechinhu rechitendero dzidziso.

Stsientistami akadana vanhu vakarera masvomhu avo kana wefizikisi, uye akati kuti sayenzi zvose zvinofanira kuenzana kwavari. In muenzaniso uyu unogona kuguma rakakurumbira Rutherford quote: "Kune mhando mbiri nesayenzi. Wefizikisi uye chidhindo yakaungana"

Kwouzivi nzvimbo scientism ndiyo zvinotevera postulates:

• sainzi chete izivo chaiyo.
• All unyanzvi zvinoshandiswa kwesainzi, inoshanda mumagariro uye rokubatsira vanhu zivo.
• Science anogona kugadzirisa zvose zvinetso vanhu.

Zvino chikuru chinhu

Kusiyana scientism vakatanga kubuda mugwara idzva youzivi rinonzi antiscientism. Muchidimbu, ndizvo sangano vane havaoni vanopikisa nesayenzi. Senzira antiscientism maonero ruzivo rwesayenzi siyana, kuwana kusununguka kana kutsoropodza.

Pakutanga antiscientism nayo inobva siyana zivo haana kushandisa sayenzi (dzetsika, chitendero, uye zvichingodaro. D.). Nhasi antistsientichesky mafungiro criticizes sayenzi sezvo vakadaro. Munogonawo antiscientism anofunga zvinopesana nesayenzi uye zvekushandisa mberi, uye akati kuti sayenzi kunofanira anokonzera nemigumisiro zvose kuti zvinokonzerwa mabasa ayo. Naizvozvo, tinogona kutaura kuti antiscientism - a kuitika iyo anoona dambudziko huru iri sayenzi emunhu.

The Mhando chikuru

Vakawanda inogona kupatsanurwa antiscientism kune mwero uye kukuru. Mwero antiscientism haasi pamusoro zvesayenzi yakadaro, asi, pamusoro kupfuura zamu vatsigiri scientism, vanotenda kuti nzira nesayenzi vanofanira kuva hwaro zvose.

Okunyanyisa maonero ndiparidzire Kusabatsira sayenzi, zviri kukonzera yake utsinye hwevanhu. Scientific uye kwesayenzi mberi ndiwo mugumisiro mhando mbiri: rumwe rutivi, huve nyore upenyu yomunhu, pane dzimwe - zvinotungamirira hwepfungwa uye netsika kudzikisirana. Naizvozvo, imperatives yesayenzi vanofanira vatsakatiswe, ne zvimwe zvinhu zviri socialization.

vamiririri

Science kunoita upenyu murume woMweya kuti haana chiso chomunhu, hapana nyaya dzorudo. Mumwe wokutanga uyo akaratidza kutsamwa kwake nesayenzi isimbiswe, aiva Herbert Marcuse. Rakaratidza kuti siyana kuratidzwa kwevanhu woutsinye technocratic parameters. Kuzhinji pakaitika, izvo munhu akatarisana zuva nezuva, anoti kambani iri yakaoma ezvinhu. Kutyiswa aibuda mashoko kwete chete kune unyanzvi ounyanzvi hwokugadzira nezvokurara, asiwo nevanhu, ane pakunamata chido constricted nemirayiro zvisingakoshi.

Muna 1950, inonakidza dzidziso akaisa mberi Bertran Rassel, akati kuti pfungwa uye chaizvo antiscientism zvakavigwa hypertrophied kukura sayenzi, iyo yaiva kukonzera kurasikirwa vanhu uye tsika.

Maykl Polani akamboti kuti scientism vangazivikanwa pamwe Church, runokusunganidzai pfungwa dzevanhu, zvichiita kuvanza zvinokosha zvinotendwa kuti terminological keteni. Uyewo, antiscientism - ndiyo chete nokuzvidira kuti kubvumira mumwe munhu kuti ave.

neokantianism

Antiscientism - chaiwo masayendisiti zvinobatanidzwa muuzivi kwayo niche. Kwenguva refu wouzivi vaitirei sainzi, asi kana yokupedzisira anosiiwa sezvo chikwata wakakwana, nzira dzayo akatanga kupikisa. Zvimwe zvikoro kuti sayenzi kunodzivisa munhu kuumba uye kufunga broadly, vamwe zvimwe kuziva dhigirii ayo. Naizvozvo, paiva maonero nharo pamusoro nesayenzi.

W. Windelband uye H. Rikket vaiva vamiririri Baden chiNazi Kantian chikoro, inova transcendental-mupfungwa nemaonero rokutanga, kuti construe muuzivi Kant, apo aiongorora chirongwa socialization pamusoro wacho. Vaitsigira nzvimbo yakakwana emunhu, kufunga zvisingabviri funga chirongwa ruzivo kure netsika kana chitendero. Naizvozvo, sainzi haagoni kutengeswa sezvo inokosha rine maonero. Kukura rinokosha nzvimbo inogarwa negadziriro tsika uye dzemunharaunda iro munhu kusora nyika, nekuti haana simba rokurega kubva yokusafa subjectivity uye kwesayenzi dzidziso zvisizvo naye panyaya iyi.

Kusiyana navo, Heidegger anoti haugoni chose vanoti sayenzi of socialization kwacho zvikurukuru uye uzivi zvavo. ruzivo Scientific - iyi ndiyo imwe mikana, izvo zvinoita kuti tinzwisise musimboti kufara, kunyange ari zvishoma zvishoma chimiro. Science haagoni kupa tsanangudzo zvose zvinoitika munyika izere, asi anokwanisa kuronga zviitiko.

existentialism

Zvikoro tsika kwouzivi ngamirirwa dzidziso Karl Jaspers nekaupenyu antiscientism. Akaomerera kuti uzivi uye sayenzi - zvachose kuchipesana pfungwa, nokuti pfungwa nezvokuchera akasiyana zvawanikwa. Panguva apo sayenzi kuramba rinoungana ruzivo, uye ayo achangopfuura dzidziso vanonzi chakavimbika kupfuura, uzivi anogona pasina twinge yehana adzoke kudzidza nyaya, iyo akarererwa makore chiuru akapfuura. Science anogara kutarisira. Akanga asiri simba vaunze ukoshi rine vanhu, nokuti chinotaura chete pamusoro penyaya.

Zviri vanhu kunzwa simba uye munjodzi kuna huripo yezvinhu zvakasikwa uye vanhu, napo pamusoro kurongwa confluence ezvinhu vanotsamwisa ichi kana kuti mamiriro ezvinhu. mamiriro ezvinhu akadaro simuka nguva kusvika kusaverengeka, uye haukwanisi tichivimba ruzivo rakaoma kuakunda.

Muupenyu hwezuva nezuva, vanhu hunhu kukanganwa pamusoro chinonakidza rufu. Iye anogona kukanganwa kuti ane tsika mutoro kana mutoro chinhu. Uye Kungosvika mumamiriro ezvinhu akasiyana, vamire pamberi mutsika sarudzo, murume anonzwisisa sei sayenzi simba muzvinhu izvi. Hapana nzira iro kuverenga chikamu zvakanaka uye zvakaipa zvikuru nyaya. Hapana uchapupu hwokuti pamwe Mhedziso chokwadi migumisiro zviitiko icharatidza, hapana zvokuita, izvo zvinoratidza feasibility ose ouchenjeri uye musoro kufunga kuti imwe nyaya. Sayenzi zvakasikwa zvikuru vanhu kubvisa nemarwadzo mhando iyi uye pakugona nyika zvinhu. Chaizvoizvo akafunga Karl Jaspers, paakati antiscientism - ndiwo uzivi rimwe inokosha pfungwa.

personalism

Nemaonero personalism nesayenzi - ndiwo zvinosimbisa kana kuramba, apo uzivi - kubvunza. Kudzidza antiscientism, mirayiridzo kuyerera, acharuramisira sainzi sezvo kutanga kuti zvinopesana rinopindirana kukura kwevanhu, distancing kubva kuvapo. Personalists vanoti murume uye hwakanaka - mumwe, asi veMubatanidzwa nesayenzi ndiko kubatana nokupera. Technologization vanhu kunoita munhu kurwisana ne hunhu, ndiko kuti kutarisana nyika, yaari. Uye rakadzikadzika ichi kunotangira nesayenzi, anoita munhu kuti vave chikamu umambo utsinye.

Huru zvichemo

Antiscientism - ichi (mu uzivi), chinzvimbo kuti anodana kukosha sayenzi uye ayo pose pose. Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, vazivi vanodavira kuti, kunze zvesayenzi, panofanira kuva dzimwe nheyo iro nyika inogona kuumbwa. Panyaya iyi, unogona kufungidzira zvikoro zvakawanda kwouzivi yaidzidza kudiwa nesayenzi munzanga.

Mumwedzi wokutanga - Kantianism. Vamiririri ayo vaidavira kuti sayenzi haangagoni kuva huru uye chete hwaro ruzivo rwenyika, sezvo anotyora tinozvarwa nyama uye mupfungwa zvinodiwa munhu. Chose dzinga hazvina zviripo, nekuti ruzivo rwesayenzi kunobatsira streamline zvose kwemasayendisiti, asi zvinokosha kuyeuka pamusoro nokusakwana kwavo.

Existentialists akati kuti sayenzi kunodzivisa munhu kuita zvakanaka tsika sarudzo. Mafungiro Scientific rinonyatsotarira nokuziva zvinhu zvenyika, asi kana kunouya kudiwa kusarudza pakati pezvakanaka nezvakaipa, theorems zvose kuva maturo.

Personalists pfungwa kuti anokanganisa kwomuzvarirwo nesayenzi evanhu. Sezvo murume uye nyika imwe isangano, uye sayenzi kunotungamirira kuti kunetseka zvakasikwa, kureva, pamwe chete chikamu pachake.

mugumisiro

Antiscientism kutambura nesayenzi nenzira dzakasiyana: kumwe iye criticizes wake, kuramba zvachose kucherechedza kuvapo, uye mune zvimwe zviitiko zvinoratidza kusakwana. Uye vachiri kuzvibvunza nezvesayenzi - zvakanaka kana zvakaipa. Kudivi rimwe, sainzi yakabatsira vanhu kuti vararame, asi pane dzimwe - wakamuita vasingabatsiri mumudzimu. Saka, asati asarudza pakati kufunga kutonga uye manzwiro, zvakakodzera kuisa pokutanga.