Simba revanhu ihurumende: rudzi rwematongerwe enyika rwehurumende

Chimwe chezvinhu zvakajairika munyika yemazuva ano ndiyo muenzaniso wezvematongerwe enyika, umo vanhu vanhu vane simba muhurumende. Uye muenzaniso uyu unogona kushandiswa nenzira dzakawanda.

Simba revanhu

Kana tichitaura nezvehurumende yezvematongerwe enyika, apo hutongi hwevanhu hunozivikanwa zvikuru, saka zvinonzwisisika kuyeuka democracy. Zviri mairi kuti nheyo yekubatanidzwa kwevagari vehurumende mumagumo enyika uye sarudzo yayo inozadzika.

Kuisa pfungwa kune tsanangudzo yehurumende yakadaro, munhu anogona kuuya kune tsanangudzo inotevera: democracy ndiyo hutongi hwematongerwe enyika umo vanhu vanozivikanwa semugove chete wezvakanaka wemasimba munyika. Vagari vanogona kudzidzira pasina masangano (direct democracy), kana kusarudza vamiririri vanozoita zvinodiwa nevanhu vemu nyika (mumiririri we democracy). Chero zvazvingava, masangano ehurumende anoumbwa, izvo zvinodiwa kuti zvikwanise kutarisirwa kwezvinhu zvenyika.

Mukutaura, chinangwa chikuru chema demokrasi ndechekuvimbisa rusununguko rwevagari vemo uye kushandisa sarudzo zvichienderana nezvinodiwa. Muchiitiko ichi, zvinonzwisisika kuyeuka nzvimbo yaAbraham Lincoln, avo vaidavira kuti democracy ndiyo kutungamira kwezita revanhu, simba revanhu nevanhu.

Ikoko kwaive kuonekwa pakutanga simba revanhu

Iri rudzi rwehurumende yenyika, serusununguko, rwakaumbwa muGreece yekare. Yaiva munyika ino kucherechedza kukuru kwakabhadharwa kune nyaya yehugari hwehugari uye yakarangarira zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvemuenzaniso akadaro.

Asi pfungwa iyi yakazadziswa nevaGiriki mune chikamu, nokuti vose vatorwa uye varanda vakanga vasingagoni kuverengwa sevagari vemo. Gare gare, mune dzimwe nyika dzakasiyana-siyana, maitiro ezvimwewo sarudzo akashandiswa, pasi apo havasi vose vakapiwa kodzero dzakakodzana. Mune mamwe mazwi, simba revanhu rakanga riripo, asi havasi vose vaiva nerukudzo rwekuverengwa pakati pevanhu.

Zvichipa izvi, vatsvakurudzi vehutano huno hwehurumende vakatsanangurwa sevaranda-vane democracy.

Zvikamu zvemazuva ano democracy

Kana iri yeruzhinji rwemazuva ano, mitemo ye demokarasi inoshandiswa nemitemo yakasiyana-siyana yehurumende, iyo ndiyo pfungwa yakakosha kune dzimwe nyika dzine mazimusi ekutengeserana (Nyika dzokuMadokero yeEurope, USA).

Izvi zvakaita kuti kuumbwa kwezvinhu zvinotevera zvemazuva ano democracy:

• Simba rehurumende rakakamurwa kuva zvikamu zvitatu zvakakosha: mutemo, mutongi uye mutongi;
• Kune electivity yehurumende yehurumende;
• Vaduku vanoteerera vazhinji;
• Minority kodzero dzakachengetedzwa;
• Rusununguko rwezvematongerwe enyika uye kodzero dzinoonekwa.

Direct Democracy

Kuti tinyatsonzwisisa kuti nyika inotaridzika sei, iyo simba rekurumidza revanhu rakazadzika, tinoda kubhadhara kutaridziro yekutungamira democracy.

Mhedzisiro huru yehutano hwehurumende ndiyo kusabatanidzwa kwevatauriri pakati penguva yekuumba kuda kwevanhu uye kushandiswa kwayo. Muvanhu vemazuva ano, chiratidzo ichi chehurumende chinowanikwa kuburikidza nesarudzo, panguva iyo yakave yakakwanisa kuratidza kuda kwevanhu sekuti ndiani achamiririra zvinodiwa zve vagari munzvimbo dzehurumende.

Dzimwe nyika dzinoshanda maererano nemutemo unopa maitiro akajeka ekubatanidzwa kwevanhu mukuita kwekutonga mitemo. Tiri kutaura nezvemazano akasiyana-siyana uye referendums.

Pasi pemuterendamende zvakakosha kunzwisisa mutauro we simba revanhu Nokusarudzwa zvakananga pamatambudziko makuru ehurumende. Uye inogona kunge yakafanana nekuongororwa kunofanirwa kugadzirisa chisarudzo chehurumende, uye hurongwa hwekusarudzwa patsva kwesimba kana kudziviswa kwemutemo.

Sezvo kune chinotarisirwa chiripo, munyaya iyi ndiyo nzira inofanirwa kupa vagari venyika kana vezvematongerwo enyika panzvimbo yepamutemo kugadzirisa nyaya. Semitemo, inoshandiswa kuunganidza nhamba inofanirwa yemasaini inobvumira referendum kutanga.

Kana tichitaura nezvemamwe maitiro akasiyana-siyana umo democracy inoratidzika, simba revanhu uye rusununguko rwevagari vakadaro, zvakakodzera kutaura maitiro, mapurisa, kuratidzwa uye kukumbira kune vamiririri vehurumende, pasinei nehuwandu hwavo. Kazhinji vhidhiyo inoshandiswa sechishandiso chekuona democracy.

Representative democracy

Nechimiro chehurumende, hapana kunyatsotaura kwechido chevanhu. Munyika dzakadaro, sangano revanopindirana rinoshandiswa, uye iyo yakadaro inonzi yakatumirwa democracy.

Maererano nemigumisiro yemasarudzo, vatungamiri vezvematongerwe enyika nevatungamiri vanogamuchira izvo zvinonzi simba rekuvimba nevanhu. Ndivo avo vanozotevera ndiyo nhumbi iyo simba revanhu rakazadziswa. Zviito zvakadaro zvinotora maitiro ezvisarudzo uye zvikwereti zvakasiyana, zvinowanikwawo nezvematongerwe enyika.

Ukama hwakadaro pakati pevanhu nevamiririri vavo hunobva pamusoro wekuita uye simba rezviremera pamberi pevanhu.

Kubatsira uye kuipa kwevatoriji vakasiyana

Sezvaunogona kuona, pasi pe demokrasi, kunyange zvazvo simba riri revanhu, rinogona kuonekwa nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira kuburikidza nekugadzirwa kwepakati pevamwe pakati.

Kuti uongorore muenzaniso wega wega, zvakakosha kufungisisa zvingave zvingave zvisingabatsiri uye zvinobatsira. Saka, matambudziko api anowanikwa muhurumende yakajeka:

• Mukufunga kwevadzivisi vemhando iyi yehurumende, vanhu vanowanzotadza kusagadzikana uye havakwanisi kukwanisa kuita zvisarudzo zvinokosha zvezvematongerwe enyika uye zvezvematongerwe enyika;
• Nzira yekuita zvisarudzo zvakarongeka nenhamba yakakwana yevatori vechikamu yakaoma;
• Ikukurumidza kugadzirisa chisarudzo kunokanganisawo nemaonero akasiyana-siyana;
• Imwe nharo pamusoro pesimba rakananga revanhu ndeyekwanisi yekushandisa pfungwa dzevanhu nekunyora uye kwete vatungamiriri vehana.

Izvo zvinobatsira zvakananga zvehurumende yakajeka ndeyotevera:

• Nechimiro chehurumende, humwe hukuru hwemashoko evanhu vane hurumende uye zvirongwa zve referendums, izvo zvinobatsira kudzivirira kukanganisa kwezvido zvevagari venyika;

• Sangano rakadaro rinowedzera zvakanyanya kutonga kwezvematongerwo enyika kwevanhu.

Kana iri nhengo yevanhu vanomiririra hurumende, vanoita saiyi:

• Vakuru vedare vanomiswa pakuita zvisarudzo zvinokosha;
• Pane kuparadzaniswa kwevatongi kubva kuvanhu vakavasarudza, izvo zvinoratidzirwa muhutano hwakakwana hwehurumende;
• Simba rinokonzera mapoka anogona kuita zvakakosha pakuita zvisarudzo zvinokosha;
• Kutonga kwehurumende kubva pasi kunoonekwa pachena.

Asi mumiririri wehurumende yezvematongerwo enyika ane zvigaro zvinokosha, izvo zvinonyatsofanirwa kutarisirwa:

• VaMateu vane ruzivo rwakakwirira rwezvematongerwo enyika, vanotsiva vamiriri vevanhu vasingaverengeki, izvo zvinowedzera mikana yekuumbwa nekushandiswa kwenzira yakakosha yekufambisa yenyika;
• Zvinowanikwa kuti zvive nekukwanisa kwezvakanaka munguva yekuita zvisarudzo.

Chinangwa chebumbiro rezvematongerwe enyika

Kutaura nezvemashoko akadaro se "simba", "vanhu", "nyika" ne "vagari verusununguko" rusununguko, "zvakakosha kubhadhara chikonzero chekusika mutemo uye mabasa ayo makuru.

Izvi zvinangwa zvinotevera:

• Tsanangudzo uye kusimbisa kwemvumo yevanhu;
• Kugadzirisa dzimwe nzira dzehurumende;
• Kutonga masimba emagariro ehurumende.

Uyezve, mutemo unobvumira kuti utange kunzwisisa zvakanakira hutungamiri hwezvematongerwo enyika uye chete ugoita mukushanda kwavo.

Mhedziso

Kudzidza nhoroondo yehurumende dzakasiyana-siyana, imwe inogona kusvika kumhedziso yakajeka: Democracy, iyo ine unyanzvi uye yakatendeseka mafambiro ekugadziriswa mukati mehumwe nyika, ndeimwe yezvakanaka zvematongerwe enyika zvevanhu vemazuva ano. Izvi zvinoreva kuti rusununguko rwevanhu ruchachengetedzwa, uye zvido zvaro zvinonzwisiswa uye zvakajeka.