Absolutism imwe yemhando dzehurumende yenyika

Muhupenyu hwose hwekuita nekubudirira kwevanhu, nyika, vanhu, nemaguta akachinja, asi maitiro ehurumende akaitwa kunze kwemazana emakore akasimbiswa uye akawedzerwa mberi. Chimwe chimiro chakadai chaiva absolutism. Icho chinhu chakadai chechiremera, umo mutongi akakwirira aiva nezvose zvakakwana zvisingabvumirwi nemunhu kana chimwe chinhu.

"Golden Age yeEstutism"

Zvimwe zvikamu zve absolutism zvakaonekwa pamberi pemazuva edu uye zvakapedza muedzo muma monarchies eEast yekare. Yakanga iripo, mumatunhu akabuda, kuti izvi zvakaitika zvakabuda, izvo zvakaenderera mberi munhoroondo semutemo wekumabvazuva wepotpotism. Kune zvayo zvinoratidzirwa ndeye kusaregererwa kwomunhu wacho, zvose zvinotarisirwa zvinotungamirirwa kune kubudirira kwehurumende. Mutongi, anotungamirira nyika, aiwanzobatana uye aiva wevanhuwo zvavo mutongi asingakanganwiki. Panguva imwecheteyo, simba rake raiva rakakwana zvokuti chero nhengo inogona kurasikirwa nepfuma yake, chinzvimbo munzanga uye upenyu. Nekuputsika kwemagariro eAsia yekare neAfrica, simba risingagumi rinowanikwa muEurope. Izvo, kutendeseka ndiko kuda kwevatongi kuvaka nekugadzirisa nyika dzavo, muzvikamu zvekutanga zvekuvapo kwayo zvakanyatsoita basa rakanaka, asi nekufamba kwenguva, kudikanwa kwaro kwakawa. Kunyange zvakadaro, madzimambo eEurope, aziva zvose zvinonakidzwa nesimba rehurumende, haana kumbokurumidza kugovana naro. Nokudaro, Middle Ages zvechokwadi i "Golden Age" ye absoluteism.

Pakutanga kwemazuva ano, nekuvandudzirwa kwezvidzidzo nekuverenga nekunyora kwevanhu vazhinji, pamusoro-kudzidzisa kubva kuhurumende zvakatanga kuongorora, zvematongerwo enyika ezvematongerwo enyika hazvina kuderera. Vakuru vehurumende, vachiedza kuchengetedza simba ravo, vakaita mvumo, asi vakanga vari, chaizvoizvo, vasina basa uye pasina nzira yakagutsikana kwete nevanhu vakajairika kana neboka rinotanga kubuda bourgeois proprietors. Nyaya yakakurumbira yezvinyorwa zveBurgeois zveEuropeanzana remakore rechi16 nemakore gumi nematanhatu zvakagumisa kugadzirisa kwakakwana kwemhedziso mune zvematongerwe enyika enyika dzeEurope. Zvisinei, inotangira kare kuti absolutism irege kubva mberi kwezvematongerwo enyika.

Metamorphoses ye absolutism

Kushushikana - kuedza kudzora zvinhu zvose nezvose pasina kukanganisa kutsoropodza - kunoratidzwa zvakare muzana remakore rechi20. Zvechokwadi, dynasties yemamatare akatoenda, asi akatsiviwa nechepasi, uye zvichida kunyange akareba, mishonga yakakwana. Idzima rezvematongerwo enyika eGermany uye USSR yakaunza chiyero chekufungidzirwa kwemasimba asingagumi kusvika pakukwirira kwayo. Kubatanidzwa kwetsika kwave kwakava rudzi rwemhedziso, pasi payo maitiro "anofunga semandiri, zvisinei iwe uri muvengi". Kushushikana sehurumende yezvematongerwe enyika ichiri kushanda, zvakakwana kuyeuka Saudi Arabia. Uyu umambo, uyo mambo haanomanikidzi muzviito zvawo nehurumende ipi zvayo yezvematongerwe enyika uye wakasununguka kuita, sezvazvinofadza, yakadaro yakasvibira kumabvazuva kwemazana emakore rechi21.

Kupfupikisa, zvinogona kutaurwa kuti absolutism ndiyo nzira yekutendeuka yehurumende yezvematongerwo enyika, iyo, iyo yakatarisana nemabasa ayo, chinhu chekare. Asi pane dzimwe nhanho dzinowanikwa zvakare, kumutsa kubva kusingavepo huri shiri Phoenix, iri munguva dzenguva yechirangaridzo apo zvakakosha kuunganidza zvinhu zvose zvenyika munguva pfupi.