The pevatongi Hurumende - nhaka remakore rechimakumi maviri

Kare, kuti remakore rechimakumi maviri aiva remakore kwete nokukurumidza yesayenzi uye mumaindasitiri kuwedzera, asi vo kubuda uye pakagadzwa enyika hwoudzvinyiriri. Saka, muzana remakore chitsva ichi chakange akaberekwa uye achiri kukurukurwa Fani - a pevatongi mamiriro.

Nhoroondo chidzoke uye kukura

Chekutanga pevatongi nzanga uye, sezvo zvakaita kuti hurumende akatanga kutaura ari maviri ari XX remakore. Zvino iyi, muvambi Fani iyi kuonekwa Benito Mussolini (maererano kumwewo J .. Marudzi), asi utongi mavambo nhema zvikuru zvakadzama. Pfungwa munzanga dzakadaro, ayo hunomusiyanisa nevamwe zvinhu kunogona kurondwa kunyange mabasa Plato uye vazivi akazotevera - Campanella, Marx, uye kunyange JJ Rousseau. Asi chinhu chaicho, vakakwanisa chete ari rechitatu remakore rechimakumi maviri okutanga.

MuEurope, chete hondo yapera. Mashoko orugare zvibvumirano zvave saka kutadza nokuda nyika vakarasikirwa izvozvo, kuti zvinoratidzika havafaniri vachibuda rakadzika dambudziko, kuwedzerwa zvikuru uye Great Depression. On pakanyorwa varombo vanhu pfungwa zvose kazhinji chinovapo kuti chete zvachose kuzviisa pasi ari mamiriro munyaya zvose zvoupenyu paruzhinji achazvitsvakira nzira yokubuda yemamiriro ezvinhu. Masanga ndechokuti ari vaiona maonero ehurumende runosanganisira chete munyika kuti kubhadhariswa mari yokugadzirisa zvakakuvadzwa. Saka, modes izvi kunotangira muGermany, Italy, Soviet Union. Kwakatangira totalitarianism munyika idzi siyana: kumwe pechiFascist dzematongerwe, apo muKomonisiti - asi mugumisiro ndeimwe "mamiriro - ndizvozvo zvose." Uye dzinokosha Dzidziso uye nenheyo kuita zvakafanana. Sezvo vachanzi akaratidza pazasi.

Pfungwa uye zvinhu ane utongi mamiriro

Achitaura totalitarianism sezvo pasocial uye enyika chakajairika munyika, mashoko ichokwadi nguva dzose kuti munhu ezvinhu akadaro sokuti kuduku nhamba. To pamberi zvinodiwa ehurumende midziyo uye machinda aro, zvinonzwisisika pfungwa, nokuti Zvinonzi yaiva muzita pachayo - ". Zvose nokuda nehurumende" Asi kunzwisisa chii chinoratidzwa, zvinofanira kufungwa huru zviri chinonakidza kuferefetwa.

Zviratidzo ane utongi mamiriro anomirirwa anotevera unhu kwese chete kwaari:

1. nzira kuti chidzoke uye kugadzwa tinongogara chokuita nechisimba. Izvi zvinoratidzwa zvakajeka munhoroondo Soviet Union, zvikuru pakavanda akagamuchira hweNational Socialist;
2. Kuvapo enyika pluralism parinorambwa zvachose. Muchiitiko ichi tiri kutaura pamusoro kurambidza wepamutemo chechetere, mamwe mapato ose kunze mutongo;
3. Zvinonzwisisika anotevera kubva yapfuura chinhu chinotevera. The pevatongi wehurumende anoramba musimboti kupatsanurwa kwemasimba uye nomukana chikamu vanhu pakutonga nyika;
4. kushandiswa kutyisa semudziyo kwezvirongwa kusagutsikana pamwe kudzvinyirira uye kubviswa vasingadiwi utongi vakuru;
5. pokugadzwa mutemo anokosha, nechinangwa kuramba simba uye nokupa magetsi mamiriro chepamutemo simba;
6. It ane chete, waida kuti pfungwa dzose, Kutsauka iyo akaranga dzimwe mhosva zvikuru zvakakomba;
7. kusikwa reuto midziyo simba rinopiwa zvose muvengi kwokunze (kazhinji, zviri achiri kuitisa hondo dzokukunda), uye kudzvinyirira kuti mhirizhonga uye kusagadzikana kwevanhu;
8. hune basa mutungamiri vebato raitonga nevatsigiri vake vepedyo mune tsanangudzo mamiriro pakukura nzira.
9. "Decorative" hunhu kwawo ezvinhu, tinosungirwa kutora pamutemo asi kwete chepamutemo mhinduro.

The pevatongi wehurumende sezvo vakadaro anoramba mukana emunhu somunhu, ane kodzero uye rusununguko munokosha. mhando iyi hurumende enyika nguva dzose kuti omurume wacho uchishandisa hurongwa.

Zvazvinosarira chete kucherechedza kuti utongi mamiriro, sezvo nhoroondo akaratidza - hakusi chinhu chine musoro chokuti kushanda vanhu. Uye ukama ichi vanoti, pakutanga kwezvose, kuti nokumunyima basa murume ave mugari uye zvikuru operative chevanhu kungaita kuti pakuputsa nehurumende vaiona.