Chikoro Eleatic uzivi: pfungwa huru

Philosophy, zvishande sainzi wakawanei zvarinotaura munguva kare. Basic pfungwa pamusoro yaaizova uye nzira ruzivo evanhu akaumba muzvikoro vekare uzivi hwechiGiriki. Kukura kufunga munhau yacho inofanira kuzivikanwa vanamwari vatatu vatatu kuti chinyorwa-zvinyorwa zvokupikisa-kwetunhu.

Chinyorwa - chaicho mashoko, yaingowanikwa ichi nhoroondo kumwedzi.

Zvinyorwa zvokupikisa - negation chepuraimari musimboti kuburikidza nokuwana kuzvipokanidza mairi.

Reongororo - mashoko ari musimboti, kwakavakirwa kuvandudza nhoroondo siyana mafungiro.

The Kufunga kunogona kurondwa munhoroondo pave nemafungiro, uye gadziriro paumbwe pfungwa, hunhu imwe nhoroondo chimiro, kana chikoro kana nenzira inogona kuenderera mberi munyika. Nokuti nhoroondo nguva apo vakaumba chikoro Eleatic uzivi, zvakanzi dzinoratidzwa aifarira-zvinhu ainoita cognition. Pythagorean dzidziso omuzvarirwo rokutanga zvinhu zviri chinyorwa kwaiva kuumba dzidziso pachake Elis ake.

chikoro Eleatic uzivi: Dzidziso

In 570 BC Muzivi wechiGiriki Xenophanes akaramba chinoratidza yaitonga iyi vanamwari dzidziso yaMwari uye akaratidza musimboti kubatana Yokubata. Pfungwa iyi yambokurukurwa nguva mberi nevadzidzi vake, uye mirayiridzo akapinda nhoroondo nesayenzi sezvo chikoro Eleatic uzivi. Brief vamiririri kudzidzisa kunogona waitsanangura anotevera zvichemo:

• Genesis mumwe.
• Muzvizhinji hakusi reducible munhu chete illusory.
• Experience haapi akavimbika ruzivo rwenyika.

Dzidziso Eliyskih vamiririri havagoni kuiswa zvichemo yakajeka. Zviri dzakapfuma zvikuru. Dzidziso Chero - ndiwo muitiro mupenyu Kudzidza chokwadi kana falsity zviri mhosva muchiedza yaivapo ruzivo. Kamwe nzira kwouzivi kunzwisisa hunhu uye nzanga akaita somunhu pfungwa, inova nyaya yakaoma kuongorora uye mberi negation.

exegetics

Naizvozvo, pane kwokukurukurirana dudziro maonero, inonzi Ongororo. Iyewo, sezvo kare, kunotsanangurwa munhau, tsika, nemafungiro yaitonga, munyori kwaiita mutsvakurudzi. Naizvozvo, uzivi uye haagoni somusande, nokuti marudzi pfungwa, vakapfeka mashoko, pakarepo kurasikirwa kwavo inokosha musimboti negation. Dzidziso iyoyo iri kuchinja zvarinoreva kuburikidza paradigms siyana.

Eleatic chikoro wouzivi, pfungwa huru dzakanga adudzira zvakasiyana nhoroondo yakareba, uchapupu chokwadi ichi. Hunokosha tselessoobraznost reshiyo paradigm, apo parameters kudzidza, uye kune chinangwa chaiwo kudzidza chinonakidza.

The chikuru vamiririri chikoro

Vamiriri imwe chikoro wouzivi - kare munguva nevafungi, vakabatanidzwa nevakawanda musimboti, uye extrapolating kuti substantively zvishoma nharaunda yevanhu ruzivo: chitendero, nzanga uye hurumende. Vamwe vanyori venhau dzakaitika zvinosanganisira wandei vamiririri kuchikoro muzivi Xenophanes, vamwe zvinodzora ayo vatsivi matatu. nhoroondo Nzira ose chine musoro. Chero zvazvingava, hwaro dzidziso kubatana kwokutungamirirwa akagadzira pedyo Xenophanes pamusoro Colophon, achizivisa kuti mumwe - ndiMwari anodzora zvinhu zvose zvakasikwa achishandisa pfungwa dzake.

Vamiririri Eleatic School of Philosophy: Parmenides, Zeno uye Melissa, kukudziridza nheyo kubatana, kuti explicate payo nokure hunhu, pfungwa uye nokutenda. Vaiva vatsivi Pythagorean dzidziso, uye maererano dzinonetsa kuvandudzika chinyorwa pamusoro chinokosha zvinhu zvenyika, akagadzira mashoko zvinyorwa zvokupikisa zvinowanzoitwa hunhu Yokubata uye dzisiri hunhu zvinhu. Izvi zvakanga pokutangira zvinotevera zvikoro uye nezvemaitiro kukura uzivi. Ko "kuroora hunhu"? Uye chii Nde zviri neimwe zvakagadzirwa vamiririri kubva chikoro?

Kudzidzisa Abstracts chikoro

chikoro Eleatic uzivi yekare, idzo chikamu Genesisi rava nechepakati pfungwa dzidziso akaumba uchapupu ariko kunofambira mberi uye kusashanduka. Chokwadi ruzivo riwanikwe pfungwa, pane zvakaitika vakaumba zvisizvo pamusoro ehupfumi zvakasikwa - saka anodzidzisa chikoro Eleatic uzivi. Parmenides akazivisa pfungwa "Life", razova nechepakati kusvika munyika Kufungisisa kwouzivi.

The mbuva inoumbwa Zeno wake kupfuura fabled "Aporia", kuwana pfungwa kwegakava panyaya kuziva muzvizhinji uye variability zvenyika. Melissa, mu bhuku rake hunhu ose maonero muchidimbu vamutangira akadziisa sedzidziso vasaomerere aizivikanwa se "elleyskogo".

Parmenides pamusoro Nature

Parmenides pamusoro Elea waiva weimba huru, ake netsika aiziva vagari, zvakakwana kutaura kuti akanga ari muparamende mu zvaaiitira. kokutanga mumiririri Eleatic chikoro akanyora basa rake "On Nature". The chinyorwa kwemashoko kwenyika yaingowanikwa kune Pythagoreans, aiva hwaro dzidziso dzakaoma Parmenides, uye akava pfungwa kubatana muminda ruzivo siyana.

Pythagorean chinyorwa nezvokuwana rimwe musimboti mu Nature, Parmenides postulated zvinyorwa zvokupikisa Yokubata uye multiplicity pfungwa illusory nezvokuva zvinhu. chikoro Eleatic uzivi iri muchidimbu mu bhuku rake.

Vakanga chaizvoizvo akazarura uchapupu pakati pfungwa ruzivo rwenyika. External maonero chaicho, maererano nedzidziso yake, wokusavimbika, zvakawanda chete nomumwe ruzivo kwevanhu. "Murume nechiyero zvose" - yakakurumbira shoko Parmenides. Anoratidza zvisingakwaniswi pauzima uye hazviiti vamwe ruzivo oga vopriyatiya.

Zeno

chikoro Eleatic uzivi mukudzidzisa Zeno pamusoro Elea, hwakasimbiswa Parmenides pamusoro hazviiti kunzwisisa hunhu shanduko, kufamba uye discontinuity. Iye anotaura 40 kutsanangura - insoluble kuzvipokanidza zvakasikwa.

Vapfumbamwe aporias izvi kusvikira ndiyo nyaya kukurukurwa uye gakava. musiyano musimboti, iyo irimo sangano iri kutsanangura kuti "Arrow" haibvumiri kuti kuwedzera kubata nenjiva ... kutsanangura Ndivo nyaya kuongorora dzidziso Aristotle.

Melissa

A akararama Zeno, mudzidzi Parmenides ', muzivi wechiGiriki yave akawedzera pfungwa Kuva kusvikira pachiyero zvakasikwa uye wokutanga kusimudza mubvunzo ayo kusaverengeka muchadenga uye nguva. Pane mafungiro kuti iye pachake akataura Heraclitus. Asi, mukusiyana kune chinozivikanwa zvinhu Greece yekare, vakasaziva chinokosha zvinhu zvenyika, akaramba muchikwata inofamba uye kuchinja sehwaro kuti chidzoke uye kuparadzwa kwezvinhu.

"Kuva" mukududzira kwake kusingaperi, kwagara, kana izvo hazvina simuka uye asingauyi kunyangarika. In bhuku rake aibatanidza pfungwa vamutangira, uye vakasiya nyika dzidziso Eleatics iri kuomesa musoro chimiro.

Vateveri chikoro Eleatic

chikoro Eleatic uzivi, zvinokosha uye pfungwa umo Eleatic dzidziso ava kutanga pfungwa, kuti chinyorwa nokuda pakuzadzisa pfungwa youzivi. Dzidziso Parmenides pamusoro maonero dzaitaurwa nhaurirano pamusoro Socrates, uye akazova hwaro chikoro dzidziso sophistry. Pfungwa kuparadzana Yokubata uye chinhu chaiva hwaro Plato pfungwa pfungwa. Zeno vaiva nyaya mukuru Aristotle inodzidza kwemashoko pfungwa uye nhangaruvanze kunyora rimwe multi-bhuku "pfungwa".

The ukoshi nokuti nyaya uzivi

chikoro Eleatic hwechiGiriki chinokosha kuti nhoroondo kukura pfungwa kwouzivi kuti yakanga nguva yake yokutanga akatanga vamiririri nechepakati chikamu muuzivi "Genesis", uyewo nzira pfungwa kunzwisisa pfungwa iyi.

Kunzi "baba pfungwa", vekare muzivi wechiGiriki Aristotle wakazonzi Zeno wokutanga dialectician. Dialectics - sayenzi kubatana zvakapesana, muna XVIII vakagamuchira mamiriro nzira ruzivo ouzivi. Zviri nemhaka Eleatics vakanga vokutanga akamutsa mibvunzo pamusoro chokwadi pfungwa ruzivo uye unreliability mafungiro pamano mutongo uye experimental manzwisisire chaicho.

Munguva akazotevera, chekare, nguva sayenzi mafungiro yokuva uye kufunga sezvo dzinokosha Mapato ouzivi zvazova zvakasikwa musimboti pamusoro izvo zvakaitika mutaro pamusoro ontology uye epistemology.

Munhoroondo pfungwa ouzivi kubvunza mibvunzo kukosha, kubva nemaonero okukura, kuti chinhu ruzivo, pane mhinduro dzemibvunzo kutsvaka. Sezvo mubvunzo nguva dzose anotaura papi nezvaanogona edu, uye naizvozvo netarisiro ndaisagona kutsvaka.