HERMENEUTICS - unyanzvi uzivi kana kunzwisisa?

Setsika, HERMENEUTICS anonzi dzidziso uye tsika yokududzira magwaro, iyo yakatanga munhoroondo uye philological nesayenzi kubva XVIII remakore (G. Meyer, H. Wolf, etc.). Zvadaro akatanga kutora mamwe zvakasikwa hunhu. Friedrich Schleiermacher kuikurukura somunhu mukuru dzidziso kududzira, uye Wilhelm Dilthey - sezvo hwaro zivo nevanhu. Zvisinei, kana Schleiermacher vakasimbirira pamusoro zvetsika zvivakamutauro uye mitauro nzira kududzira, kuti hermeneutical nzira Dilthey kuti - ndiko, kupfuura zvose, unyanzvi kunzwisisa.

Muzana remakore rechimakumi maviri, kubva nzira chinyorwa dudziro HERMENEUTICS rava zvoruzivo, kunyanya nokuda ari phenomenology pamusoro Husserl uye Martin Heidegger anoshanda. Kana Husserl chikuru yakatekeshera cognition hakunganzi "mudzimu" kana "nyaya", uye "upenyu-nyika" kuti Heidegger, kushandisa dzidziso Husserl, aiva vanoti kuti nyika iri saka zvinokosha kuti nhoroondo uye tsika nemagariro, uye makuru, mutauro. Pamabasa akazotevera ake, Heidegger anonyora kuti mutauro zvitarisiko nomugumo ari kuti hatina kutaura mutauro, asi iye anoti, achibatsirwa yedu. Kuramba tsika Dilthey, Heidegger akasarudza kuti HERMENEUTICS youzivi kwakadaro. HERMENEUTICS uyu mutauro, nokuti vakaisa tichibatsirwa izvo zvinokwanisika kunzwisisa sezvo vakadaro, kuti, uyewo, kunoita kuti munhu "budiriro rechokwadi munhu, mupenyu uye kufunga."

izvi zvose zvakaita pakuzadzisa kutanga yakadai HERMENEUTICS. Philosophy, umo ari kushandurwa, akamutsa mubvunzo sei muitiro kunzwisisa nyika, nzvimbo iyi ndezvevanhu "kuwanikwa chokwadi yokuva." Zvakanga sowakajeka kuitwa kutungamirirwa Mutauriri Hans-Georg Gadamer. Kuziva zvakaitika kare uye munhu, HERMENEUTICS aiva vanozviti uzivi kuti rinotsanangura zvinoreva upenyu, unyanzvi uye nhoroondo, kugamuchira ruzivo uye munhu uye nzanga, uye tsika, uye kumedura nayo. Apo Paul Ricoeur hermeneutic dialectic tsananguro uye kunzwisisa mifananidzo iri dudziro kwouzivi zvenyika yakatipoteredza, nokuti Habermas - nzira tishandurwe munzanga, nokuti Gadamer - kupfuura nokudenga muuzivi modernity.

The yakakurumbira basa Gadamer - "Chokwadi Method" - aro rokuremekedza rinomuvanza wakafanana kunyatsogona chii HERMENEUTICS. Uzivi anonzwisisa hunotaurwa mu basa iri, zvinoratidza mutsauko chinokosha kududzira pakati sayenzi zvepanyama uye akarongeka rumwe rutivi, uye magariro uye munhu - panorumwe. Yokungotaura Dzidziso sayenzi dzinongoitika uye akarongeka dzinobva chakarongwa nzira, yakavakirwa induction uye yaanobhadhara, pfungwa uye ongororo kudzidza yokudzokorora. mapatani. Okuyamura chete sayenzi kutungamirirwa kutsvaka chokwadi, uye kwete nezvezvandaifanira nzira. Uye chokwadi - harisi dzidziso, ichokwadi muupenyu - mumwe apo chaiye vanhu.

Uchishandisa mazwi ose Heidegger, Gadamer anopa mhinduro yomubvunzo wokuti chii chokuita nevanhu uye chii specificity yavo. A rakakura mumabasa reDare pfungwa tsika. Izvi kwaari umwe marudzi simba, nokuti munhu haagoni kuziva chinhu pasina rubatsiro ayo vamutangira. Asi tsika havagoni kuvapo pasina mutauro. Zvinonzi vakayambuka nawo. Uyezve, kushandisa mutauro ruzivo kwevanhu kuronga, taura uye kuzvipa kuumbwa. Cognition zvakare nokuda pamberi mutauro. In kupa Gadamer kuti HERMENEUTICS - uzivi njere - zvinoratidza kuti chiri yokusafa pfuma yacho mutauro. Asi unoreva zvakawanda pamusoro zvinoisa vake chokwadi kuti magwaro anofanira zvichishandurwa hermeneutically, kuti tinzwisise zvose pfungwa dzavo.

In muuzivi Gadamer, pane mumwe, kunyange chikamu chinokosha kupfuura mutauro - iri mutambo. It chiri pamwoyo yakadzika nzira munhu uye zvinoita kuti ironge ruzivo. Mukuwedzera, mutauro uye kunzwisisa sezvo vakadaro zviri inobva mutambo. Handiti zvinonzi, maererano Gadamer, haina rakabva munhu, uye harina mubereko - zviri akazvimirira uye kuzvipira zvakakwana, sezvinoita "chinhu pachako". Game isangano chaiyo - nayo anoswedera mune vatambi kuwana muupenyu hwavo. Ndosaka mutambo unonzi "zvinofadza" - chaizvoizvo andobata vadzidzi.

Saka Gameplay ndiye aesthetic kufungisisa mabasa ounyanzvi, kuverenga bhuku, kunzwisisa nhoroondo. "Aesthetic ruzivo, catharsis, nhoroondo tsvakurudzo - unosimbisa Gadamer - kuvimbisa rinokosha, asina pragmatic kufarira mafaro."

Tinogona kutaura kuti HERMENEUTICS, uzivi uye nezvedzidziso ruzivo nevanhu, anoti kunzwisisa, pedyo mutambo, anobvumira iwe kuti pedyo chokwadi. HERMENEUTICS ruzivo, kufanana zvakaitika mifananidzo uye chitendero, kunobva muzviitiko zvakawanda pamusoro rezvedzidzo kunzwisisa, mwoyo. Hermeneutic kunzwisisa ounyanzvi, vanotungamirirwa kunzwisisa, anobvumira kunzwisisa zvinoreva ndima pachayo. Uyezve, kufungisisa kwete chete kuti munyori aida kutaura, asi vo mashandisirwo umo acho akasikwa, uye kuti anotakura. Izvi zvinogoneka nekuvongwa Mapato zvakadai pfungwa, pane zvakaitika, pakuvhurwa womukati pfungwa kushandisa yokuberekwazve zvimwe mhando, "nhaurirano" pamwe chinyorwa. ruzivo vakadaro "nechomukati" kunoita kuti tinzwisise Chiitiko munzanga uye tsika, uye matambudziko okuvapo kwevanhu.