Immanuel Kant - baba uzivi German dzenhoroondo

Immanuel Kant - muzivi wokuGermany, ari kutongwa chakarehwa kufurirwa basa Plato uye Berkeley, Wolf uye Sextus Empiricus, Spinoza uye Leibniz. musayendisiti Future sekondari, "Friedrichs-Collegium", uye ipapo akaramba zvidzidzo ake paYunivhesiti Königsberg Zvisinei, kuwana dhigirii hazvaikwanisa zvakarurama. Immanuel Kant, ane Biography zvinosanganisira zviitiko zvakawanda zvakaoma, akamanikidzwa kukanganisa zvidzidzo ake nokuda rufu rwababa vake uye vanotanga kushanda. Chete muna 1755 muduku musayendisiti akakwanisa kudzivirira kwake doctorate chinyorwa, uye vakasimuka kodzero kushanda somudzidzisi payunivhesiti.

Zvokukura basa: Munzvimbo "subcritical" nguva Immanuel Kant akabata chinzvimbo pfuma yesayenzi, kufunga matambudziko makanika uye cosmology, panyama jogirafi uye anthropology. Panguva iyi, masayendisiti ari kukura matambudziko wakabvunzwa yapfuura pfungwa youzivi. Saka, akaisa mberi itsva pfungwa yacho zuva nenyika dzinotenderera pariri, tanga akatanga pfungwa gasi nebula vakadzidza nemafungu uye aongororwe basa ravo. The musayendisiti nezvezvaiitika kwomuzvarirwo kwakabva vanhu pasina kupindira kwaMwari uye akatsvaka kuita kuti kupatsanura mhuka maererano nemarudzi azvo.

The "dzinonetsa" nguva muzivi Immanuel Kant vaibata nezvinetso epistemology, vonyanya muitiro wedzidzo, kufungisisa mukuru kwouzivi uye dzisiri matambudziko kuva munhu , uye ruzivo, tsika uye aesthetics, mutemo uye hurumende. The musayendisiti anokwevera mhedziso nezvomukana ruzivo priori wechinhu yokungotaura sayenzi masvomhu, achipa mumwe nomumwe priori muchimiro nyama mifananidzo. Munguva iyi hwake, Immanuel Kant, muuzivi riri kuchinja zvikuru kuti ava haazivikanwi, vachiramba mukana dzisiri ruzivo.

Muzivi anonzwisisa kuti Kuziviswa izere okuti "hunhu", "mweya" uye "Mwari" hazvibviri, uye hapana achagona kusonganirana mashoko aya imwe nyama nzira. A zivo yacho inogona inovakwa vanhu kuziva kubva nyama mifananidzo vachishandisa priori siyana chikonzero. Scientist kuitisa yakanaka mutsetse pakati uchenjeri uye chikonzero, uye anoratidza kuti yokuti yokukakavadzniswa hunhu rokutanga. Saka, maererano muzivi mafungiro, pfungwa dzevanhu vachange kungori kupokanidzana kunoita kugadzirisa nyaya magumo kana finite nyika, ayo zvakaoma kana nyore.

Epistemology: Immanuel Kant vakaramba vasaomerere nzira wedzidzo, uchishandisa pachinzvimbo nzira yakaoma uzivi, musimboti chiri kuongorora mikana mupfungwa nokuziva. Nyanzvi mberi chinyorwa kuti ruzivo "wakachena" rinotanga ruzivo, iyo yakavakirwa pakuva munhu priori basa chavanoziva. Simba pfungwa dzevanhu, sezvo Kant akafunga parunogumira, uye kazhinji chokuita nevanhu kuti vari amenable chichienda. Uye kuziva kunze nyika hapasi kuratidza chinangwa chaichoicho, asi aumba pasi pokudzora kutsinga dzinouya mifananidzo uye kuburikidza kufungisisa.

Moral kudzidzisa: nzvimbo chinokosha mabasa Kant kutora maonero ake pamusoro paMwari uye chechi, uye haisi nyika akasikwa pasina kupindira kwaMwari. Zvisinei, muzivi anotaura netsika zvekufungidzira kuti izvo mupfungwa uye simba kwokunze, nheyo dzezvinofadza uye kushanda siyana kwevanhu manzwiro. Munhu runoonekwa kuti masayendisiti kubva kumativi - sezvo rinokosha chakajairika uye se "chinhu pachako". Kudivi rimwe, zviito zvake zvemarudzi vakatsunga nezvinenge zvaitika uye, pane dzimwe - yepamusorosoro tsika dzakanaka. Saka, chero nhengo rwevanhu uye kunoita kuti zvinhu zvakanaka, uye kuti simba, kunyange zvazvo zvishuvo izvi kazhinji asatenderwe mumwe.