Augustine weHippo: upenyu, mabasa makuru uye avo simba pamusoro pokumuka scholasticism

Avreliy Avgustin (ngaarumbidzwe - iri tsika Orthodox uye mudzidzisi Nyasha - mu Catholic) - chinoshamisa muzivi, mumwe havaoni echiKristu dzidziso. Akaberekerwa mugore 354 vari mugari Numidia Roman mumhuri-yevahedheni, asi mai vake Monica aiva muKristu. Sezvo mhuri chaiva yakapfuma, Aurelius-makore 17 akatuma kudzidza zvinotaurwa nevezvematongerwe pa muCarthage. Pane chomurevereri yeramangwana Chitendero itsva rudo nomukadzi, uyo akararama makore 13. Aiva amai mwanakomana wake - Adeodata. Zvisinei, nokuda musiyano mumagariro kumashure Augustine haana amuroora.

Pandaidzidza zvinotaurwa nevezvematongerwe, Augustine weHippo akafarirawo zvouzivi. Akabvuma Manichaeism, asi nokukurumidza vakabviswa dzidziso Mani. tsvakurudzo Spiritual uye matambudziko amai vakauya naye kuna pachipfuva chiKristu. Kunotsvaka basa duku aifambira kunosiya African muruwa hweRoma muna 384, nzvimbo iri mudzidzisi kwakarungwa kwounyanzvi muna Mediolanum (zvino Milan). Vakazopinda pedyo Villa Kassitsiakum nomuzivi akasika mabasa ake okutanga kuchikosha: "Ndakatsamwira renyanzvi," "On kusafa kwomweya", "On Rudzidziso Rwechokwadi" uye "On Rwokusarudza". Danho iri rokutanga okugadzira zvinhu huzere zvikuru kuchinja vanozviti ndivanachamangwiza pfungwa yezvechitendero.

Pashure Easter 387 Augustine akabhabhatidzwa muna Mediolanum Saint Ambrose, akatanga nguva okugadzira zvinhu zviri chomurevereri Christian wechipiri. Akatengesa zvinhu zvake, akapa kure zvinenge zvose kuvarombo uye akaenda naamai vake Africa. Asi womuOstia, Monica akafa. Vasvika mutaundi rokumusha Tagaste, muzivi, akavaka rechitendero nenzanga mamongi. Saka, iye anonzi muvambi yemamongi hurongwa Augustinians. Iyi zvakanyorwa mabasa vakazvipira dzechitendero uye Ecclesiastical uye exegetical nyaya ( "The Book Genesisi"), kududzirwa mutsamba hwoMuapostora Paul, mumwe bhuku pamusoro Donatists. Panguva iyo kwaiva akudzwa mufundisi "vanoreurura."

The zvibereko kupfuura inonzi nguva yechitatu (410-430), apo musayendisiti akagadzwa presbyter pakutanga, uye gare gare Bishop weHippo (guta hweRoma muna North Africa). Panguva iyoyo muuzivi Avgustina Blazhennogo zvasvika soro kukura kwayo. Yezvechitendero zvakafanana kutarira shure kumugariro wavo zvavanodavira, uye achitsoropodza Anoongorora kwavari ( "Revision"). Mibvunzo pamusoro yechikristu (yevanhu kana raMwari hunhu waKristu) zvinoratidzwa nemabasa "On Utatu" uye ichitanga akadhindwa pamusoro Pelagius. Basa kukosha mufundisi anonzi basa «De Civitate Dei» -. «City waMwari"

Mabhuku 22 ose basa webhaibheri kutanga kuedza kuongorora rose nhoroondo muitiro, kunzwisisa chinangwa munzanga uye nzira kwayo kukura. Naizvozvo Augustine vaiona muvambi nezvenhoroondo uzivi. upenyu Social chiri chokuita noUmambo hwaMwari, somunhu (chisikwa) noMusiki. Zvisinei, nokuda kuwa Adam, vanhu vari vakawanda, vakaparadzaniswa naMwari, asi kunogona kudzoka kwaari nenyasha dzaIshe, - anoti St. Augustine. Uzivi yezvechitendero ichi anoona kukura nzanga sechinhu mberi kufamba kubva pamupata misodzi, izvo vakadzingwa Adhamu naEvha, kuburikidza Guta Earth (the state) kusvika Castle hweKudenga (apo pakusingaperi tsika kukwana yaakatonga).

Saka, St. Augustine akatarisa nhoroondo tichitarisa Linear nguva. Ichi chidimbu pane urefu, nekuti hapana nguva mukusingaperi. Mwari anorayira nhoroondo - zvose kuti hazvina kudaro, chikamu urongwa nevavariro Musiki. Hurumende iri mupfungwa iyi, anoita somunhu zvakakodzera Danho okukura. Muzivi inobva kudzidza Bhaibheri rinotaura epochs nomwe evanhu pakukura: shanu wekutanga - ndiyo nyaya vechiJudha asati azvarwa Kristu. Anogamuchira wechitanhatu yaitonga, izvo zvinofanira kupedziswa Kwekupedzisira, uye ipapo uchatanga sezvinorondedzerwa naJohani Revelation kwechikuva wechinomwe, kana vose vakarurama vachagara nokusingaperi Heaven muJerusarema. vanhu wayo kukura iri kutama kubva muzvinhu zvenyika kupinda esangano raitungamirwa machinda Church. Dzidziso iyi Augustine wabatwa sehwaro yeRoma Katurike mukurwa nokuda investiture.