Voluntarism. Chii mune zvematongerwo enyika, zvepfungwa uye uzivi?

Voluntarism. Zvinorevei izvi? Kushandurwa kubva rechiLatin rokuti voluntarism (voluntas) - inzira enyika basa yenyaya, iyo inobva zvido uye zvinotarisirwa, uye hanya chinangwa Dzidziso zvoupenyu enyika. Voluntaryists funga mitemo muitiro zvisarudzo kwatangwa dzisina kuvakirwa papurogiramu zvinhu.

Voluntarism - chii? Iyi pfungwa ndizvo enyika ane Linear kufamba pfungwa uye kuita, izvo zvinoodza Gloss pamusoro yakafanira, asi zvikurukuru musimbise. Ichi ndicho chikonzero voluntarism sezvo mutemo ari mune zvokunyama achabatwa enyika kusangana uye nenzvimbo, uye vose zvavo chinhu rinoparadza.

Ko shoko "voluntarism" mune zvematongerwo enyika?

Political voluntarism zvinobva zvokunze determinants evanhu kukura. Asi kunyanya kuzvibvisa vanhu, magariro mapoka uye strata mabasa enyika uye hurumende ndiyo midzi yakadaro chekubuda sezvo voluntarism. Chii ichi kana kwete yokunyanyisa zvairatidza yetsika chinja, kwakavakirwa yetsika rusununguko womunhu? Shoko rokuti "voluntarism" yakatanga kutaurwa German nyanzvi tenesi ari XIX remakore. Asi pfungwa voluntarist tsika kuisa mberi adarika. Panongotanga kuwedzera kupokanidzana pakati wacho uye nzanga, kunzwisisa voluntarism kwazova kwakakurumbira.

Shoko "voluntarism" iri kwepfungwa uye uzivi

Izvi kuitika uzivi uye zvepfungwa anoshora nemaune mavambo chikonzero uye mitemo chinangwa zvakasikwa uye vanhu. Kutaura zvazviri, voluntarism anoti kuzvimirira kwevanhu kuda kubva chokwadi, idealizes basa unhu munhau, uye sei zvinokanganisawo nyika yakatipoteredza. Pfungwa kuerera dzinogona kurondwa kubva Middle Ages. Asi pfungwa "voluntarism" iri zvepfungwa akaonekwa chete mukupera XIX remakore, akavonga W. Wundt - wepfungwa German, chiremba uye physiologist.

Zvinotevera zvokuzvivaraidza voluntarism mu kwepfungwa:

• shoma kuziva ndechokuti kuchatoitika qualitatively rakasiyana chakajairika pakati zvimwe mupfungwa pezvakaitwa;
• achitaura kuti zvose dzinobva kuda vamwe vasiri pezvakaitwa uye mananara voluntaryism - kuti zvichaita chaizvo inomiririra kwokutanga vachikwanisa, izvo zvinobva chete pamusoro yacho uye vasina chinangwa hwaro.

Vatsigiri voluntarism

Maererano uzivi German uye zvepfungwa Wundt, mupfungwa zvikonzero runoratidzwa nesarudzo chiito, kunyanya apperceptions. Muzivi uye wepfungwa James akapikisa kuti maitiro evanhu ndiye hakuna nzira nokuda pemhondi chisarudzo. kwepfungwa German H. Münsterberg vakafunga kuti ruchavapo pamusoro navamwe mupfungwa kwendangariro. pfungwa dzake vanotsigirwa nevamwe vanachiremba Western nguva. Havana kurega kuparidza chii tinoberekwa murume anogona kusarudza chinangwa chavo uye nzira kuita izvozvo. Muchiitiko chino, voluntarism anoshanda sezvo nezvaizoitwa chiito, riri shure mabasa rinokosha nekunamata.