Semiconductor Lasers: mhando mudziyo, ari uchishandisa pfungwa, kushandiswa

Semiconductor lasers vari quantum emagetsi yakavakirwa semiconductor vanoshingaira unosvikirwa, sezvamakaropafadzwa Manyiminya amplification kubudikidza dzinovhurika achine akasikwa ari kuchinja pakati quantum simba mumatunhu ari mukuru wevasungwa rusununguko vebasa vatakuri munharaunda.

Semiconductor Laser: musimboti oparesheni

Kazhinji, vakawanda maerekitironi iri valency chechetere. Panguva kusvika photon simba kwazvo simba bhendi pakakoromoka, mumwe semiconductor, maerekitironi kupinda mamiriro excitation, nokuputsa wakarambidzwa vematunhu, vasapinda chokungopa vematunhu, vonyanya panguva yayo yakaderera mucheto. Panguva imwe chete, buri yakaumbwa muna Valence pamwero, achifumira ayo repamusoro kumuganhu. Maerekitironi ari akasununguka mapazi recombine yakabvooka, zvichiratidza simba akaenzana simba iri atsamwira mapazi, muchimiro photons. Recombination inogona dzinowedzerwa photons pamwe yakakwana simba pamwero. tsananguro kusanganiswa rinoenderana Fermi kugovera basa.

mudziyo

The semiconductor Laser mudziyo uri Laser diode pumped simba maerekitironi uye maburi munharaunda S.-N-Kuchinja - pfungwa neVadzidzi conductive semiconductor p- uye N-mhando. Uyezve, pane semiconductor lasers pamwe Manyiminya simba mazano umo danda achiumbwa kubudikidza Absorção de Água pamusoro photons chiedza uye quantum Pazvinoitika lasers, iyo inotorwa kuchinja mukati zvikamu.

mamiriro

Typical yeimwe akashandiswa semiconductor lasers uye dzimwe optoelectronic namano, sezvinotevera:

• gallium arsenide;
• gallium phosphide;
• gallium nitride;
• indium phosphide;
• indium gallium arsenide;
• gallium aruminiyamu arsenide;
• gallium-indium-gallium nitride;
• phosphide, gallium-indium.

wavelength

yeimwe izvi - zvakananga-gwanza semiconductors. Indirect- (nesilicon) asingadi emit chiedza pamwe yakakwana simba uye kunyatsoshanda. The wavelength pakati ari mwaranzi yacho diode Laser kunoenderana simba pamusoro photon simba anosvika boka pakaputsika chaiyo akakura. The 3- uye 4-chinoumba semiconductor yeimwe simba bhendi pakakoromoka kungava ichi- siyana pamusoro-siyana. At AlGaAs = Al _x Ga _1-X Kana, somuenzaniso, kuwedzera aruminiyamu tigutsikane (kuwedzera x) ane zvakakonzerwa yakawedzera simba bhendi pakakoromoka.

Nepo inonyanya semiconductor lasers anoshanda ari pedyo michini chikamu chakarondedzera, vamwe emit tsvuku (gallium indium phosphide), zvitema kana nezvishava (gallium nitride) mavara. Avhareji michini semiconductor Laser (vatungamirire selenide) uye quantum Pazvinoitika lasers.

Organic semiconductors

Kunze apa inorganic yeimwe angashandiswa uye Organic. Kumbomira Michina ichiri pasi kukura, asi ayo kukura anovimbisa kuti kuderedza mari kugadzirwa lasers. Saka kure, chete yakatanga Organic lasers pamwe Manyiminya simba kwezvavakaisa mukuru-waivako emagetsi pombi haisati dzamboparidzirwa.

mhando

By imwe muzvizhinji kuti semiconductor lasers vane zvakasiyana parameters uye chikumbiro ukoshi.

Small Laser diodes zvinobudisa danda kubva yepamusoro zvokuimba nemwaranzi ane simba neeSultan kubva mashomanana zana kuti milliwatts mazana mashanu. ari Laser diode Chip chinhu mutete rectangular mundiro, iyo inoshanda sezvo waveguide, sezvo mwaranzi achingopiwa imwe nzvimbo diki. Crystal doped pamwe mativi kuti pave PN-kuchinja imwe nzvimbo huru. The yakabwinyiswa Migumo uvhure Manyiminya resonator imwe Fabry - Perot interferometer. Photon nomunyika mhango kuti recombination nemwaranzi uchawedzera uye achatanga chizvarwa. Ivo zvinoshandiswa Laser Pointer paCD-uye DVD-nyonga, uyewo internet optic.

Low simba lasers uye lasers hwakasimba ine zvokunze mhango nokuda generating pfupi pulses anogona synchronize zviitiko.

semiconductor lasers ane mhango zvokunze Kunoumbwa rimwe Laser diode, iyo wakakurira ingaita kuti Kuronga pfuma svikiro zvikuru Laser-resonator. Inokwanisa kuchinja wavelengths uye vane yakatetepa achine bhendi.

Jekiseni lasers vari semiconductor kumiganhu nemwaranzi nenzira yakafara bhendi, anogona vaunze mumwe kbps bango simba anoverengeka Watts. Inoitwa nhete vanoshingaira rukoko anoda pakati p- uye N-layer wezvamatongerwe heterojunction kaviri. The mashandiro vakapfigirwa chiedza muna lateral mirayiridzo chinoshayikwa, chinoguma yakakwirira danda ellipticity uye unacceptably yakakwirira pachikumbaridzo dzenzvimbo.

Simba diode arrays, zvinosanganisira inofa diodes, Broadband, aigona kubudisa danda kubva mediocre yepamusoro simba wezviuru watts or.

Simba maviri-dimensional arrays ose diodes vanogona vaunze mumwe simba mazana ezviuru watts or.

Pamusoro-emitting lasers (VCSEL) emitting chiedza goho danda unhu mu milliwatts akawanda perpendicular kuti ndiro. Musi nemwaranzi pose resonator girazi rinoshandisirwa muchimiro akaturikidzana mu dynes ¼ chinozunguzirwa nedzimwe refractive indices. On rimwe Chip inogona kuitwa zvakawanda zana lasers, izvo dzakazonaka mukana vakawanda kugadzirwa.

C VECSEL lasers Manyiminya simba chiyamuro uye zvokunze resonator aigona generating danda rakanaka simba watts or akawanda akanaka panguva imwe nzira nokukiya.

Basa semiconductor Laser quantum Pazvinoitika mhando yakavakirwa kuchinja mukati zvisungo (vakasiyana interband). mano aya emit pakati munzvimbo michini chakarondedzera, dzimwe nguva ari terahertz siyana. Ivo anoshandiswa Somuenzaniso, sezvo gasi analyzers.

Semiconductor lasers: application uye chikuru chokuita

High-simba diode lasers pamwe zvikuru electrically pumped pa mwero voltages anoshandiswa sezvo zvikuru vanobudirira nzira vachigovera simba chikukutu ehurumende lasers.

Semiconductor lasers anogona kushanda zvikuru zvakawanda frequencies kuti rinosanganisira chinooneka, pedo michini uye pakati michini chikamu chakarondedzera. Created mano Dzinochinjawo izducheniya kakawanda.

Laser diodes anogona kukurumidza chinja uye modulate ari Manyiminya simba rinoshandiswa muna internet optic kukurukura mitsetse zvinotakura.

maitiro aya makaita semiconductor lasers ndivo yemazuva ano chinonyanya kukosha mhando maser. Ivo anoshandiswa:

• mumwe telemetry sensors, pyrometers, Manyiminya altimeter, rangefinders, zvisakamboonekwa holography;
• mu faibha Manyiminya hutachiwana gadziriro uye date kuchengetwa, coherent kutaurirana hurongwa;
• Laser vaidhinda, mavhidhiyo projectors, dzapiwa, bhaa Bumbiro scanner, mufananidzo scanner, CD-nyonga (DVD, CD, Blu-Ray);
• vakachengeteka hurongwa, quantum cryptography, kushandisa michina, zviratidzo;
• mune Manyiminya metrology uye Spectroscopy;
• muna vavhiyiwa, dentistry, cosmetology, kurapa;
• mvura yokunatsa, zvinhu pakugadzirisa, kupomba zvokufonongonwa ehurumende lasers, kudzora nemakemikari mu maindasitiri Sorting, maindasitiri michina, kuvesa hurongwa, uye mhepo kudzivirira enyika.

kufamba kweropa goho

Most semiconductor Laser zvinowanisa danda kuramba. Nokuda pfupi dzokugara nguva maerekitironi ari conduction pamwero havasi akakodzera chaizvo nokuti generating munhu Q-kushandisa pulses, asi quasi-kuramba nokushanda kwadzinoita anogona yekudyidzana kuwedzera quantum jenareta simba. Uyezve, semiconductor lasers angashandiswa Chizvarwa ultrashort kupomba muoti-rakakiyiwa kana nokuchinja kubva inopfumisa. Average simba pfupi pulses, kazhinji chete munhu milliwatts shoma kunze VECSEL-optically pumped lasers, iro goho wattage akayera picosecond pulses vane kakawanda munzvimbo makumi ezviuru gigahertz.

Kusiyanisa inzwi uye Kudzikamiswa

Kunakisa pfupi dzokugara Erekitironi ari conduction boka semiconductor lasers ndiyo kukwanisa modulate yakakwirira kakawanda vane VCSEL-lasers kukasapfuura 10 GHz. Rave kushandiswa Manyiminya date yedzimudzangara, Spectroscopy, Laser Kudzikamiswa.