The chafariz conductivity chainge chakagadzirwa nesimbi uye kushandiswa kwayo

Metals - a fuma ane sekristaro mamiriro. Kana neshungu, vanokwanisa itye, kureva, rive zvimvura-mvura mamiriro. Vamwe vavo vane yakaderera utsotso pfungwa: vanogona achanyauswa nokuisa zvake chipunu uye vachichengeta murazvo mwenje. kutungamirira ichi uye gaba. Vamwe vanogona muchanyauswa chete chinokosha yamavira. High utsotso pfungwa vane mhangura nesimbi. Nokuti rutapudzo yayo kuti simbi chirungiso kutaurwa. The vakawana alloys (simbi, ndarira, vakakanda simbi, nendarira) kuva utsotso pfungwa kuvatumwa mubereki simbi.

Kubva chii anoita utsotso tembiricha iri simbi? Vose vane mamwe maitiro - kupisa kugona uye chafariz conductivity chainge chakagadzirwa nesimbi. Kupisa vanokwanisa ndiyo mano kupedza kupisa kana neshungu. Its kusanganiswa indekisi - chaicho kupisa. Pasi riri svinga simba rinokwanisa kupinza munhu chikwata guru simbi iro neshungu nokuda 1 ° C. Kubva mufananidzo uyu zvinoenderana chinotsva kudyiwa mu muchidziisa resimbi workpiece kuti tembiricha achida. The dzakananga kupisa nesimbi ndechokuti mukati kuwanda 300-400 J / (makirogiramu * K), simbi alloys - 100-2000 J / (makirogiramu * K).

The chafariz conductivity chainge chakagadzirwa nesimbi - ndiko kutapurirana kupisa kubva chaizvo kuti kutonhora nezvimedu nomurayiro Fourier muupenyu hwavo macroscopic kutadza kufamba. It zvinoenderana nemamiriro acho, ayo makemikari anoumba uye rudzi interatomic chisungo. In nesimbi, kupisa kutapurirana rinoitwa nevanhu maerekitironi, zvimwe zvikukutu zvinhu - phonons. The chafariz conductivity nesimbi iri yepamusoro, zvikuru akakwana crystalline maumbirwo zvavanazvo. The zvakawanda simbi netsvina iri, zvikuru asina kururama rekristaro yekamuri, uye rezasi yacho chafariz conductivity. Alloying kuita kusarurama kwakadaro mune simbi mamiriro, uye zvinoderedza ari chafariz conductivity noruremekedzo kuti mubereki simbi.

ndiyo simbi All yakanaka chafariz conductivity, asi mumwe kupfuura vamwe. Muenzaniso nesimbi dzakadaro - ndarama, mhangura uye sirivha. Lower chafariz conductivity - netini, aruminiyamu nesimbi. Vakawedzera chafariz conductivity chainge chakagadzirwa nesimbi iri nani kana kuvamirira, zvichienderana kutsanangurwa zvavo kushandisa. Somuenzaniso, zvinoda resimbi mbiya kukurumidza kudziyisa zvokudya. Panguva iyoyowo, kushandiswa nesimbi dzakakwirira chafariz conductivity nokuda kwezvifananidzo zvaAtemisi cookware Pazvibato kunoita zvakaoma kushandisa - kubata zvakare nokukurumidza pakutsamwisana uye kwavari hazvibviri kubata. Naizvozvo, achishandisa insulating zvinhu pano.

Chimwe hunhu kukanganisa simbi zvivako ayo - chafariz kuwedzera. Rinooneka sezvo kuwedzera Vhoriyamu simbi kana nenharo uye kudzikira - panguva kutonhora. Fani iyi kunokosha kufunga zviri kugadzirwa nesimbi zvigadzirwa. Somuenzaniso, pani lids kuti invoices, kubva Teapots akapawo mukaha pakati pabutiro uye dzimba kuitira kuti kana nenharo butiro haina wavharwa.

Nokuti mumwe simbi akanga vakaverenga coefficient pamusoro chafariz kuwedzera. Zvinonzi kunoyerwa kudziyisa pana 1 ° C bvunzo yokuenzanisira kuva kureba 1 m. Kudeuka coefficient vari kutungamirira, zingi, netini. Kuderera nayo yemhangura uye sirivha. Kunyange yakaderera - yesimbi uye goridhe.

By kwemakemikari ehupfumi ari nesimbi vakakamurwa mumapoka akawanda. Pane basa simbi (semuenzaniso, potassium kana yavaibvisa) anokwanisa pakarepo kuita pamwe mhepo kana mvura. The matanhatu nesimbi kupfuura basa vanoumba boka rokutanga periodic table dzinonzi alkaline. Vane shoma utsotso pfungwa uye saka nyoro kuti vanogona kubviswa nebanga. Kusanganisa nemvura, vanoumba alkaline zvinogadzirisa, saka zita ravo.

Boka rechipiri kuchibva alkaline pasi simbi -. Calcium, magnesium, etc. Ivo zvinowanika zvicherwa zhinji uye refractory hwakasimba. Mienzaniso nesimbi izvi, wechitatu uye chechina mapoka aigona kushanda mutobvu uye aruminiyamu. Zviri zvikuru nyoro nesimbi uye inowanzoshandiswa alloys. Kuchinja nesimbi (simbi, chromium, nickel, mhangura, ndarama, sirivha) vari sekwaserera, mumwe nokuchengetedza, uye kazhinji kushandiswa maindasitiri mafomu sezvo alloys.

Nzvimbo imwe neimwe simbi Napamusara basa ndozvavava kukwanisa zvayo sei. The zvakawanda kushingaira chicherwa, nyore otora oxygen. Ndivo zvakaoma chaizvo kuti vaparadzane yeimwe, apo pasi basa mhando nesimbi anogona kuwanikwa kwayo yakachena chimiro. The kupfuura vanoshingaira vavo - potassium uye yavaibvisa - Chengetai eparafini kubva mairi vakabva oxidized. Pakati simbi inoshandiswa indasitiri, nemhangura muduku zvinoshingaira. Kwazviri kuti matangi uye inopisa mapaipi emvura uye magetsi waya.