Chii anonzi muviri mvura. Ocean mvura makore

Uyewo mhepo nzvimbo, mvura ndiyo inhomogeneous wayo zonal marongerwo. Inonzi muviri mvura, tichakurukura munyaya ino. Ziva pfungwa mifananidzo, uyewo kuziva kiyi unhu hydrothermal yomugungwa mvura.

Chii chinonzi mvura guru nyanza?

Water yomugungwa gobvu - iri vanganzi guru yomugungwa mvura akaturikidzana vane zvimwe zvivako (udzamu, tembiricha, arambe achirema, opacity, uwandu munyu ine etc) zvakananga kuti mhando mvura nzvimbo. Inotungamirwa ehupfumi vamwe mhando mvura makore kunoitika pamusoro refu kwenguva, unoita kuti vashoma kugara guru uye mvura anonzwisiswa sezvo rimwe chimwe.

The chikuru unhu gungwa mvura makore

Water yomugungwa gobvu panguva kudyidzana pamwe muchadenga kuwana unhu siyana, akasiyana zvichienderana dhigirii dzokuteerera uyewo paumbwe wechoto.

1. Tembiricha - mumwe mukuru zviratidzi iyo pakuongorora kwacho kunoitika mvura makore munyanza. Sezvingatarisirwa, kuti pose tembiricha chegungwa mvura anowana yaro zvakanyanyisa panguva Equatorial latitudes, sezvo kure iyo tembiricha mvura iri ashaye.
2. Salinity. On salinity mvura iyerere sei mwero mumhepo kwemvura, kwemvura mwero uye uwandu mvura yakachena kusvitsa kubva makondinendi muchimiro nzizi huru. The soro salinity rinonyoreswa muGungwa Dzvuku bheseni: 41 ‰. Map salinity mvura mugungwa hunonyatsoonekwa zvinotevera nhamba.
3. The arambe achirema mvura gobvu zvakananga kunobva kudzama kubva wegungwa ivo. Izvi zvinotsanangurwa maererano mitemo wefizikisi, maererano iyo denser, uye nokudaro zvakawanda rinorema mvura iri akatura pazasi nemvura kuti ezasi arambe achirema.

Nzvimbo huru kwemvura makore nyanza

Complex zvechadenga mvura makore vanotungamirirwa kwete chete spatial chikabviswa pamwe okunze, asiwo nokuda nokusanganisa dzakasiyana mvura ndokuyerera. Okumusoro akaturikidzana mugungwa mvura yakawanda kubatwa nokusanganisa uye simba zvomumhepo, pane chakadzama mvura mbiru imwe nzvimbo mudunhu. Nokuda chikonzero ichi, mvura negurumwandira nyanza muzvikamu makuru maviri:

1. Ocean troposphere - rokumusoro, saka anonzi pamusoro mvura akaturikidzana, rezasi muganhu izvo rinosvika 200-300 uye dzimwe nguva 500 metres udzamu. Akasiyana zvikuru asingatani kufurirwa kubva ekunze, tembiricha uye mamiriro okunze. Vane dissimilar Unhu zvichienderana miganhu utongi.
2. Ocean stratosphere - yakadzika pasi mvura pamusoro akaturikidzana pamwe yakatsiga zvikuru zvivako uye unhu. The ehupfumi mvura makore stratosphere yakatsiga zvikuru, nekuti hakuna simba uye kwakakura kufambira mvura inoyerera kunyanya wehunyambiri chikamu.

Types mvura Oceanic troposphere

Ocean troposphere achiumbwa pasi pokudzora kwomudzimu uwandu hwezvinhu zvose zvabatanidzwa. guru zvinhu: okunze, kwemvura, uye vavimbezve Continental mvura. Panyaya iyi, pemvura vari kakawanda tembiricha nokufamba mukati salinity pamwero. The kwebasa mvura zvavo kubva mumwe zvinowanisa Latitude pakugadzirwa inodziya uye kutonhora dzenzvimbo.

In pemvura ane chikuru kupfuma upenyu siyana muchimiro hove uye plankton. Mhando Oceanic mvura negurumwandira ari troposphere zvinogona dziya maererano nenzvimbo latitudes pamwe rakajeka raidudzwa okunze chinhu. We mazita zvihombe:

• Equator.
• Tropical.
• Subtropical.
• Subpolar.
• Polar.

Mamirire Equatorial mvura makore

Miganhu zoning Equatorial mvura makore Rinotaura nenzvimbo bhendi kubva 0 kusvika 5 kuchamhembe Latitude. The Equatorial ekunze kunoratidzwa ne zvinenge zvakafanana yakakwirira tembiricha mamiriro rose karenda gore, saka mvura zvavo munzvimbo kudziyirwa kumusoro zvakakwana, tembiricha zvasvika padanho 26-28.

Nokuda kunayisa kwemvura uye inflow kwerwizi mvura yakachena kubva yakaoma Equatorial yomugungwa mvura salinity vane chikamu chiduku (kusvika 34,5 ‰) uye rakadzika zvimiso arambe achirema (22-23). Saturation of aqueous svikiro munzvimbo okisijeni anewo yakadereresa mwero (4.3 Rine mamiririta / l) nokuda mukuru avhareji tembiricha.

Zvinhu dzinopisa mvura makore

Zone dzinopisa mvura gobvu kunoda mapoka maviri: 5-35 kuchamhembe hemisphere (kuchamhembe-achitsva mvura) uye 30 Southern (mvura mvura Southern). Kuumbwa peculiarities okunze uye mhepo makore - nemugwagwa mhepo.

Summer tembiricha kunonyanyisa anoenderana Equatorial latitudes, asi munguva yechando, nhamba iyi anosiya kusvikira pachiyero 18-20 pamusoro razero. Zone kunoratidzwa ne vachikwira mvura Rwako kubva kudzika 50-100 M panguva kumadokero Continental romumhenderekedzo yegungwa mutsetse nokuburuka dzinoyerera pamwe rokumabvazuva pemhenderekedzo yakaoma.

Tropical marudzi mvura makore vane kupfuura Equatorial vematunhu, mwero salinity (35-35,5 ‰) uye pachena arambe achirema (24-26). Okisijeni saturation mvura mvura Rwako inoramba anenge chete pamwero kwakaita Equatorial bhandi, asi saturation kwazvo phosphates: 1-2 ug-maatomu / L maringe 0.5-1 g-atomu / L mumvura ine.

Subtropical mvura makore

The tembiricha rose gore subtropical mvura mapazi anogona kudzikiswa kusvika 15. dzinopisa mvura rusununguko rwokuzvisarudzira desalination kunoitika kune muduku zvakadini pane mamwe okunze dzinodengenyeka, kubva pano inowira pasi kunonaya, apo kutaura ndichibvunza kwemvura.

Pano salinity mvura inogona kusvika 38 ‰. Subtropical mvura negurumwandira penyanza apo kutonhora munguva yechando mwaka kupa yakawanda kupisa, nokudaro zvichiita kuti rakakura richipisa nyika.

Miganhu yacho subtropical mapazi uchisvika anenge 45 kumaodzanyemba hemisphere uye 50 N Pane kuwedzera saturation kwemvura okisijeni, uye nokudaro zvipenyu.

Mamirire Sub-polar mvura makore

Apo kutamira kure ichinaya mvura tembiricha kunodzikira uye dzinosiyana-siyana zvichienderana nemwaka. ^о С. Sezvo ndima aqueous Sub-polar vakawanda (50-70 uye 45-60 kuchamhembe Latitude S) munguva yechando tembiricha mvura anodonhedza kuna 5-7, uye muzhizha ichiwedzerwa kusvika 12-15 ° ^C.

The salinity mvura kunoita kutapudzwa kubva subtropical mvura makore kurutivi matanda. . Izvi imhaka kunyunguduka icebergs - fresh kunonwa mvura.

Unhu zviri polar mvura makore

Localization polar yomugungwa guru - okolomaterikovye polar nezasi nzvimbo saka voga oceanologists pamberi Arctic uye Antarctic mvura makore. Zvinoita zviri polar nemvura, Chokwadi, yakadereresa tembiricha kuverengwa: muzhizha, paavhareji 0, uye munguva yechando 1.5-1.8 pazasi zero, iyo rinokanganisa arambe achirema - pano ndicho chikuru.

Kunze tembiricha, salinity uye zvinyorwa pasi (32-33 ‰) nokuda kunyunguduka mazizaya Continental yakachena. Water polar latitudes vakapfuma kwazvo oxygen phosphates, izvo zvakanaka kunokanganisa kusiyana pamusoro makemikari nyika.

Types uye zvivako mvura makore Oceanic stratosphere

Ocean stratosphere oceanographers conventionally akakamurwa zvitatu mhando:

1. The zvenguva mvura anosanganisira mvura mbiru imwe kudzika 300-500 M kusvika 1000 m, uye dzimwe nguva mamita 2000. In nomumwe maviri mhando mvura makore stratosphere, ari zvenguva wokutanga kupfuura zvakavhenekerwa, ichidziya uye zvakawanda akapfuma okisijeni uye phosphate uye nokudaro dzakapfuma pemvura plankton uye siyana mhando hove. Pasi pokudzora munharaunda nemvura nzizi pamusoro troposphere, panguva iyo magetsi nokukurumidza rikunde mvura vakawanda hydrothermal unhu uye kuerera velocity mvura unyatsoshanda zvenguva rukoko rine simba zvikuru. The vakawanda kuitika kufamba mvura zvenguva kuonekwa mugwara kubva kumusoro latitudes kuti neequator. Pakukora ari zvenguva rukoko pamusoro stratosphere Oceanic kwete chete pose pose, vakwanise rukoko yaiitwa polar dzinodengenyeka.
2. The yakadzika vane kuparadzirwa nharaunda, kutangira kubva kudzika 1000-1200 m, uye kungapfuurira 5 km pasi pegungwa, uye dzinoratidzwa dzose hydrothermal mashoko. Munguva chinjikira mvura Rwako ndiyo ndoda kuti rukoko urwu uye zvenguva mvura 0.2-0.8 masendimita / s.
3. A pasi rukoko mvura mudukusa vadzidza masayendisiti zvomumvura kubva kwayo inaccessibility, nokuti riri pane imwe kudzika zvinopfuura 5 km kubva pemvura. The chikuru zviri pasi rukoko iri substantially kuramba pamwero salinity uye yakakwirira arambe achirema.