Dzhon Neper: Biography hwake. Dzhon Neper yakaitwa?

Dzhon Neper (mapikicha asian yake akaisa pashure munyaya) - Scottish yemasvomhu, munyori uye webhaibheri. Iye akawana mukurumbira kuburikidza pfungwa logarithms ave akarongeka mudziyo kubatsira vari Masvomhu.

Dzhon Neper: Biography

Akaberekwa muna 1550 muna Merchiston Castle, pedyo Edinburgh (Scotland), mwanakomana Sir Archibald Napier uye Dzhenet Botuell. Pazera makore 13, John ndanyoresa paYunivhesiti St Andrews, asi agare zvimwe pakanga pfupi-akararama, iye akasiyiwa pasina dzidzo yepamusorosoro.

About Napier vepakutanga upenyu zvishoma zvinozivikanwa, asi zvinonzi aidavira kuti akafamba kunze kwenyika, sezvo yaiva tsika pakati vana wokuScotland kwamachinda. Zvinozivikanwa kuti muna 1571 akanga atova kumba uye akapedza upenyu hwake hwose mukuzarurirwa Merchiston, kana Gartnesse. Gore rakatevera, Dzhon Neper akawana Elizabeth Stirling, uyo akabereka mwanakomana nemwanasikana uye. Makore mashomanana pashure wake afa muna 1579 Napier amuroora hama Agnes. muchato Second kuroorana gumi, navanasikana zvakafanana. Pakafa baba Napier muna 1608, iye nemhuri yake vakatamira Merchiston Castle muna Edinburgh, apo akaramba kusvikira pakufa kwake.

Theology uye kuvamba

Life Dzhona Nepera pamhemberero chenjera pakati dzechitendero kukakavara. Vaneshungu uye kurerutsa echiPurotesitendi ukama Chechi yeRoma, akanga asiri kutsvaka nyasha uye kwete paaivatambudza parudo. Zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti King James VI Scotland aitarisira kuti accession pakati Elizabeth I kusvika Chirungu choushe, uye vanofungidzirwa kuti akatsvaka rubatsiro Catholic Philip II, Mambo Spain, kuti chinangwa ichi akanga kubudirira. The General Meeting kweChechi Scotland, iyo inofambirana yakanga yakabatana Napier, akakumbira mambo kuti kundorwa makatorike, uye Johani katatu, akava nhengo yekomiti, iyo inotaura kuti mambo nemagariro nekereke uye vakaedza kuti agutsikane kuti zvakakosha konzera kururamisira navavengi kereke yaMwari.

tsamba kuna mambo

Muna January 1594 Dzhon Neper nyaya Mambo Scotland aine tsamba umo yake "A nyore tsananguro vose kuzarurirwa St. John" akanga akagadzira. Basa, waiva kuva zvakasimba chesayenzi Zvave kuti, kufurira zviitiko panguva. It Napier akanyora: "Regai kuchinja vakawanda kukura nyika yako ichava dzose nehanya hwenyu, uye, chokutanga, musha wenyu mambo pachake, kwakabva mhuri uye dare, uye uvayananisire kubva zvose kunyumwira ose papism, kusatendera uye zvematongerwo enyika, izvo zviri zvakazarurwa anofungidzira kuti nhamba yavo inofanira kuwedzera yekudyidzana mumazuva ano okupedzisira. "

Basa hunoratidzwa zvikuru wokuScotland munhoroondo yekereke.

Kugadzira zvombo

Mushure Bhuku "tsananguro nyore" Iye sokuti akatanga kuita pachivande zvombo zvehondo. Zvinyorwa muunganidzwa, ikozvino dzichengeterwe pana Lambeth Palace muLondon, rine gwaro iri chasainwa Dzhon Neper. Kuti akazogadzira wokuScotland yemasvomhu pachena kubva pamazita mano vakasikwa "nenyasha dzaMwari uye basa vatenzi" kudzivirira nyika yavo. Pakati pavo vane zviviri incendiary nezvionioni, chikamu chimwe atirari chidimbu uye chakaumbwa nengoro, paunogona kuita kwepfuti kuburikidza makomba diki.

Mipiro masvomhu

Dzhon Neper makore ake upenyu hwokuzvipira kuna kudzidza masvomhu, kunyanya, pakusikwa nzira aivabatsira dzemaitirwe, yakakurumbira iyo ndiyo nzira logarithms, iro nhasi unobereka zita musiki rayo. Akatanga basa pariri, zvichida mangwanani sezvo 1594, zvishoma nezvishoma kuva hurongwa kombiyuta umo Midzi chigadzirwa uye quotient ari nhamba zvinogona nokukurumidza rinowanikwa nokushandisa mwero tafura ari wakaiswa nhamba rinoshandiswa sezvo nechigadziko.

mupiro wake uyu simba kwemasvomhu chokushandisa chinorondedzerwa muna akadhindwa zviviri: Mirifici Logarithmorum Canonis Descriptio ( «Description anoshamisa chinyorwa logarithms"), rakabudiswa muna 1614, uyewo Mirifici Logarithmorum Canonis Constructio ( «Kuumba anoshamisa chinyorwa logarithms"), yakabudiswa maviri makore munyori afa. Munguva yokudzidza yokutanga akarondedzera wokuScotland yemasvomhu matanho kaienda kuvamba ake.

gadzirisa kadambari

Logarithms vaifanira nyore dzemaitirwe, zvikurukuru chokuwanziridza, chakanga zvakakodzera kuti zvenyeredzi. Napier akaziva kuti hwaro kukarukureta ichi chaiva ukama pakati svomhu kunoita - urongwa nhamba, chimwe nechimwe rinowanikwa nevanhu geometric kufambira mberi mune asati vachiwedzera parutivi kugara chinhu kupfuura 1 (semuenzaniso, kutevedzana 2, 4, 8, 16 ...), kana asingasviki 1 (semuenzaniso, 8, 4, 2, 1, 1/2 ...).

In Descriptio, kuwedzera kutsanangura hunhu logarithms, Dzhon Neper aihuitira yataura munzvimbo dzavo kushandiswa. Akavimbisa kutsanangura nzira okuvaka ravo basa akazotevera. Waiva Constructio, iro rinofanira pfungwa hurongwa kushandiswa grade pfungwa kuti zviparadzanise fractional chikamu nhamba kubva yose. Decimals vave pasi ne Flemish injiniya uye nyanzvi yemasvomhu Simon Stevin muna 1586, asi notation yake yakanga yainetsa. In Constructio kushandiswa sechinhu separator pfungwa. Swiss yemasvomhu Joost Burgi mumakore 1603-1611, pasinei wokuScotland yemasvomhu tega rake nyika logarithms, izvo dzakabudiswa muna 1620. Asi Napier akashanda pamusoro pavo pamberi Burgi uye kukoshesa rakapiwa kwaari pamusana kwokutanga bhuku musi muna 1614.

Rabdologiya uye trigonometry

Kunyange zvazvo nokugadzirwa kwakaitwa logarithms naJohani Napier Kuora kwemwedzi mamwe mabasa ake ose, yemipiro vake masvomhu hakugumiri. Muna 1617 akabudisa ake Rabdologiae, Seu Numerationis yokudengenyeka Virgulas Libri navaviri ( «Rabdologiya kana nhoroondo mabhuku maviri tichibatsirwa nezvimiti", cha1667), umo iye akarondedzera yepakutanga nzira chokuwanziridza uye nokupesana oblong matanda maduku dzakaparadzaniswa transverse mitsara iri 9 akaenzana kupfeka pavo nhamba. mano ava nokuti nhoroondo, rinozivikanwa tsvimbo Napier vaiva akatangira pakati ondomoka utongi.

Akaitawo Mipiro inokosha idenderedzwa trigonometry, kunyanya nokuderedza uwandu equations yaishandiswa kuratidza trigonometric ukama, kubvira gumi kusvika maviri. Anonziwo kuchanzi trigonometric Masvomhu akafanana Napier, asi zvingangoita kuti Chirungu yemasvomhu Henry naVaBriggs akanga mune drafting pavo.

Dzhon Neper akafa musi waApril 4, 1617 mu Merchiston Castle.