Museum-Reserve "Kuznetsk nhare", Novokuznetsk: zvayakaita, description, nhoroondo uye zvinonakidza zvinhu

Anopfuura makumi maviri-hectare hunhu kuchengeterwa, chikuru miziyamu pamusoro Kuzbass - Kuznetsk nhare. The chikuru Chikamu nhare iri paGomo Ascension, inova chikamu anova mangwanani, gomo siyana, yakatarisana guta Novokuznetsk kubva muruwa chete. The miziyamu yakatanga basa rayo muna 1991, kudzidza, chokuchengetedza uye inonakidza chinhu chakadai, sezvo nhare Kuznetsk - inoshamisa Monument nhoroondo pamusoro rusvingo nhaka yeUnited kukosha tsika.

nzvimbo

Ndima harisi chete Kuznetsk nhare, asiwo vamwe dzinongoitika uye nhoroondo sezvivako. Pane kunyange mapopoma akanaka kanjoni pamusoro Verhotomskoye redoubt. Kanenge gumi nevaviri mapurani, zvechiuto uye rusvingo zvinhu zvinogona kuonekwa pamusoro revashanyi vagari uye vaenzi. Ndichengetedze Zvivako izvi yakasiyana, basa kudzorerwa iri kuramba kuitwa.

Pano riri uye matongo nzvimbo - ose pakubhadhara. Investigations vachiri pasi nzira, uye harisi pasina zvakawanikwa. Kuznetsk Fortress adzidza ari kure zvose. The miziyamu kwamagwaro kunoramba achiudza kuburikidza tsvakurudzo kwakadaro. It nhoroondo uto iri nharaunda zvipo, uye anopa mutorongo nzvimbo, nyaya mitsetse kusimbisa, uye nhare mujeri, yakanga munhare, zvakare, kubvira nemanomwe remakore. The miziyamu kunobatsira kusimudzira tsika zvechiuto uye nyika, nekunhonga ngano uye chevarwere tsika nemagariro anotsigira.

miziyamu basa

Muna December 1991, miziyamu yakazarurwa, uye wokutanga mudonzvo wake vakagara mumigwagwa Vanhu vari chakasakara chivakwa. With idzva 1992 yakatanga kwete chete misoro kudzidza nhare kuburikidza zvakachengetedzwa tsvakurudzo uye matongo, asiwo zvikuru muAtlantic mabasa kudzorerwa. Vakaronga ethnographic, matongo uye nhoroondo rwendo kuti mukwanisi mari yacho miziyamu. Sezvo akatangazve yayo Kuznetsk nhare kuberekwazve.

Muchirimo 1993, miziyamu yakatamira muimba dzomutengesi Fonareva mapopoma mumugwagwa, kwaakanga nanhasi. Panguva iyoyo zvakanga kwakatangwa kugadzirwa "Kuznetsk kare" - nenguva dzirikure omunharaunda magazini nhoroondo. Muna 1994, kuti miziyamu akavhura tsvakurudzo raibhurari nemabhuku kubva muThe akiyorojisiti kubva muguta pedyo Prokopyevsk MG Elkina. Panguva iyoyo zvakanga akatamba pashoo rokutanga yakatsaurirwa pemisimboti Siberian art.

mutsidziro

Next vakaumba yamabhuku zvakasikwa uye akaedza zvakasiyana-siyana kuratidzira. Muna 1998, yakatakura kunze kuvakwa muripo - hombe-pamwero basa iri pedutu. Barnaul masuo maviri amabwe polubastiona, yavarwi - zvanzi makapfumiswa ipapo Kuznetsk nhare. Novokuznetsk - guta tsika dzakanaka uye nokubwinya, uye kubva panguva iyoyo akava kare dzakapfuma kakawanda. Rave ichiitwa pano nokuda City Day kupemberera.

Asi kwete kuti zvose zvakanaka zvinhu zvakatanga kuitika munharaunda yacho Kuznetsk wakakombwa. Metallurgists of foundry ZSMK zvinoberekwa gumi isingadhuri yezvifananidzo serfs kwepfuti kuti kare akamira nengoro pano, uye vaviri mumaturi yendarira, izvo vakanga vaiswa pamusoro pamasvingo wakakombwa. Uye muna 2001, ndiye dhipatimendi akapa miziyamu vari vaviri endarira isingadhuri yezvifananidzo Kugorna mumaturi, izvo zvino muNzvimbo zvachose kuratidza. Kwapera gore, nhare yaiva kutarisira chimwe chipo - vakakanda simbi uye mana paundi-paundi mumaturi pamusoro nengoro.

ndangariro

Muna 2002, mumwe musoja wacho yemauto rusvingo, zvakare, akagamuchira chipo kubva foundry: nayo akaisa maviri chokurangaridza mahwendefa, ine mazita vagere Kuznetsk, akanga paakavapa ari George Cross. Uye madziro wakakombwa kamwe zvakare kukasawedzerwa nepfuti mumunda ngoro nesimbi nendarira emiti. Muna 2003 iri munharaunda imwe varinamire bust ne muvezi E. E. Potehina, gare gare ne kukandira simbi, vachikudza refutenendi General PN Putilova.

Bust vaberekawo ari foundry of West Siberian Metallurgical Combine. The miziyamu kwamagwaro kunoramba achiudza pamwe kupikidura zvinhu, vakaronga kuwedzera chokupfeka. Munguva yavarwi, chikamu chose yakatsaurirwa yakakurumbira kuznechaninu - Artist Admiralty, uyo akava nomukurumbira yechipiri yezana rechigumi nemapfumbamwe remakore. Portrait reliefs uye chirangaridzo bwendefa yakabereka zvose zvakafanana metallurgia foundry.

Danho rechipiri kuvakwa

Kwemwedzi mitanhatu 2008 yokutanga yava pedyo yaro yepakutanga chitarisiko Kuznetsk nhare. Novokuznetsk vakabata nguva dzose huru dzinotambudza mabasa kuvaka muripo. nguva ino akadzosera kuchamhembe uye kumaodzanyemba mhando, uye kuvaka inovakwa maererano epakutanga vanodhirowa nomukuru mukuru weimba. Uyewo kwawaiita womuti chapero vakashonga pano mundiro dzakavezwa ake kare. mukuru mukuru akatora musha zvikuru nhoroondo kuratidzwa musi Kuznetsky pfumo, Kuznetsk Kuznetsk nhare uye kuzvidzivirira mutsetse.

Uye yemauto remauto taisa pamwe rakakura kubudirira kuratidzwa pamusoro yekare munhoroondo nharaunda, apo siyana nezvinhu dzakatorwa kubva Zvakafukunurwa akauya nenguva - kubva Paleolithic, iro rinobvisa Fafitera kupinda maviri chemakore BC kusvika matongo nzvimbo pakati nemanomwe remakore AD. The kwamagwaro zvaisanganisira zvemafaro nhoroondo rokuvakazve, izvo akaratidza vekare vaigara nharaunda, pakuonekwa iyo rakadzorerwa ne cranium. Novokuznechane rudo miziyamu yavo.

Kuznetsk nhare

Akavaka nhare kwemakore makumi maviri, kuti regumi namapfumbamwe remakore haisi zvakawanda, kubva 1800 kusvikira gore 1820. Pane acharamba kusimbisa hurongwa, chinangwa chikuru iyo - deterring utsinye of China, uyo aigara achionga nokuchiva (uye uchiri!) On South Siberia uye zviri zvechokwadi yakaorera pasi. Zvisinei, muna 1846 nhoroondo uto iri Kuznetsk nhare rakapera: Dhipatimendi War izvozvo rakabviswa pachiyero pepa. Her redeveloped ne kuronga mujeri matsotsi, iyo yaiva nhare kusvikira 1919. Uye Civil War, zvose zvivako zvevaPolish Penitentiary hurongwa tsarist, vakapiswa.

nhare pacharo rakavakwa kare huru nhare - waiva pakutanga nemanomwe remakore. Its kuvaka uye akabatsira paumbwe yose kuzvidzivirira mamiriro paGomo Ascension (kare rainzi Makuva). Nhare nemanomwe uye namasere emakore akanga muhari kana emapuranga, uye aiva tsika zvikuru avo nguva turret chiratidzo: shongwe dziri kumativi mukomberedzo yeguta, kureva, havana chete akadzivirira nhare.

Isati yavako muguta

Ascension polubastion Kuznetsk nhare yakaramba chikamu parusvingo uye zvasara shongwe dzakawanda. Paguva kusuwa uye nemanomwe remakore vaikwanisa rusvingo urwu zvakafanana sezvo zvakanga reconstructed munguva yedu - mumwe mugero akachera ugodira mugodhi. Zvinozivikanwa kuti muna 1717 imwe muhari wenhare rakanga rakavakwa pamusoro payakangopfuura pegomo. Muna 1689 dzavarwi akanzi guta, mukudzivirira nzvimbo kubva "kurwisa Kirghiz uye Kalmyks" (sezvo vakadana eMongolia, Chinese, iyo Altai uye Shor), rakanyorwa wake mambo Kubvumirana kwake mambo.

Nokuti kunyange dzakavakirirwa mamwe bastions chete kukwira pamahombekombe Tom uye kuchamhembe kweguta pachinhu wechipiri vakaisa wenhare, rakanga kwakabatana kweguta rusvingo yematanda, uye vari denderedzwa panyika kurutivi wakakombwa yakavakwa gobvu matanda vane pamatanda nomuzvanza. Kunyange zvino, sezvo marongerwo of Kuznetsk nhare rusvingo aiva pasuwo masere uye akanga anenge maviri nehafu mamaira. Four mugodhi nhare akadzokorora nemamiriro makomo kwemhenderekedzo Tomi, pamakona kwakakomba kuraswa bastions uye masuo maviri emapuranga shongwe. Inside munhare panguva zvakanga chete chapero, chivakwa chete. All masuo akanga kudzivirirwa pfuti simba. Zvino marongerwo ichi miziyamu anoramba kushanda "Kuznetsk nhare". Novokuznetsk akasarudza kuti recreate vapenyu pashure pakuonekwa shongwe, pamwe dzinonakidza masvingo.

namasere remakore

Pakazopera nemisere earthworks dzavarwi remakore zvachose chakasakara, asi guta Kuznetsk kwaiva kuramba vaine basa rayo sezvo munhare rokumabvazuva parutivi kubva Linear wokumusoro chikuru hurongwa kwenguva - kubva reCaspian kusvikira Altai. Saka, hazvina wakagadzirirwa uye aifarirwa Kesari Paul I ndiwedzere yose Kuznetsk masvingo.

Taifanira itsva earthworks Makuva mujinga megomo uye pamusoro wayo. Muna 1800, basa rokuvaka rakatanga, uye kubudikidza 1820 ndipo chakagadziriswa zvachose Kuznetsk nhare. Novokuznetsk, vane nhoroondo yakatanga uye vakava panguva imwe chete upenyu masvingo ikozvino anodzosa ichi chisarudzo bastions nzvimbo.

Chii chakaitika

The yose Castle akawana chakafanana elongated rectangle, ari mukomberedzo huru miseve izvo dziri redanami, dzakanga kusaswa mukati ramps kuti pfuti. Makuva ari Cape Mount aiva nemamwe mativi redoubt, izvo zvakazoita kuti nhare mugodhi refu pamwe redanom. Panguva makona pangozi vavengi polubastiony yabuda mukati sandstone makubhiti makumi maviri uye vakagadzirira platforms kuti atirari.

Pakati polubastionami nyandu matatu-storied chidhinha wakarindira shongwe. Vakanga vakanyatsosvika kuzvidzivirira inoerera uye miseve. Of-aripo pre zvivakwa chete chapero vakapona. Akavaka uye yoku- Castle vasungwa uye rehurumende mushandi rishande.

vhudzi kare

Vasati 1806, sezvo chine magwaro zvakachengetedzwa Museum-Reserve, Kuznetsk nhare aiva mumwe chete ibwe chivako - nhurikidzwa imwe guardhouse rurefu hipped denga uye dormer hwindo. Pamberi Chivako chaiva yemapuranga dumba kuona kwakawanda muvhu. Guardhouse panguva - kwete sangano kuti kusungwa pfupi, uye guardroom. Chivako ichi yaiva pedyo pamasuo Kuznetsk. Kazhinji mukati meimba akazorora varwi kubva kuchinja varindi.

Muna 1810 imwe guardhouse chakagadziriswa zvakakwana mauto akaisa chidhinha chitofu, akashongedzerwa pamwe emapuranga uriri. Kana chivako akanga abva mamiriro kudzivirira, imba yakasiyiwa, raderera nokukurumidza uye muna 1869 hadzitengeswi chinyorwa. Chete muna 1970 rakavakwazve zvakare. Zvakafanana wekare ndiyo magazini ibwe upfu ane mukoko denga pamwe outbuildings maviri. Around kwaari fenzi simba vakamira kure pamusoro dura. Pevhu denga muna 1810 akarwiswa namabwe Slabs, makateya eaves mvura abudise.

musoja wacho mabharaki

Zviri chidhinha chivakwa pamusoro nehwaro ibwe yakavakwa muna 1808. Ekune mahwindo akaisa pamwe yose kureba France divi, denga kumusoro, mukoko, pamwe mahwindo dormer nhanhatu, yakakamurwa vertically vhendi Musara. yemauto All raiva nezvikamu zviviri, symmetrically dzoga, pamwe yoga napo. Kupopotedzana kamuri Stoves. Pamwe mokupera mubhedha bunks. Zvisinei, kunaka kuvaka haina kunyimwa: achitevedza yose kureba akatambanudza pamadziro yokufeva mawindo.

Ikoko vakaiswa vanhu mazana maviri namakumi manomwe Biysk ravarwi uye urema chikwata. Mushure abolition wakakombwa sechinhu muchiuto kuvaka, yemauto uto rakapiwa kubva 1842 kusvika kwayo zviri vemhosva. Kakawanda okumusoro akanga reconstructed uye kwakagadzirwa uye muna December 1919 mutirongo chakatsva pasi partisans. Saka wekare muchiuto mumabharaki kwenguva refu havasisipo. On matongo ayo mumakore 90 remakore rechimakumi maviri yaiitwa dzakawanda zvakawanikwa pakuchera matongo vakawana zvinhu wakashongedzwa miziyamu.

Ober-imba mukuru

Iyi imba ibwe akararama mapurisa mana Bijskogo rechiuto basa iri ravarwi nhare. Munhu-storey chivako maviri Masuo mahwindo gumi pamusoro huru France yakavakwa nyore, asi, sezvo yaiva tsika mumazuva iwayo, kwete pasina frills. Roof pamwe kufefetedza uye nemaburi ramps, pamwe washrooms, lobbies uye yakanaka mativi vira iri chokugara nzvimbo uchapupu.

In yose, imba yakanga makamuri mapfumbamwe, vashanu vavo dzinogarwa - rumwe rutivi, kicheni uye utility kamuri panorumwe. Negore regumi namapfumbamwe remakore imba mukuru mukuru ikapiwa pamusoro kuchipatara zvechiuto. Chivako vaparadzwa zvishoma, uye muna 1905 panzvimbo yayo imba vakuru uye nemhuri dzavo. Asi imba ino nokukurumidza kupiswa. muna 2000 chete mumba mukuru anovakwazve.