The simba pamusoro vanhu - kunyanya kukosha uye mhando

Murairo ikoroji rinoti kutanga - zvose zviri interconnected, pakati kwete chete pachavo asi zvachose zvose. Hazvibviri ambomira danho, kwete kubata chinhu. Man nguva zvinovhiringidza zvakanakanaka zvakatipoteredza. danho rimwe munhu anoparadza dzakawanda Micro-zvipenyu, kunyange zvake dziva, tisingatauri kuvhunduka rezvipembenene vanomanikidzwa vachinje vaitamira migwagwa, nokuderedza yauinayo yavo. Kwezvakatipoteredza rinamakwapa, kwezvinoshandiswa zviwanikwa zviri zvinhu zvipenyu yakafanira chibharo. Zvose izvi rakura kuva dambudziko rose. vanhu vazhinji vari pamahombekombe yokupona. Kana munhu asingadi kuchinja, uye vanhu mungozi vaviri zvizvarwa kunyangarika. Chii vemo uye sei kurondwa nhamba, ichakurukurwa munyaya ino.

Kutsunga vemo

Utachiona vechigaro chete kwemarudzi kuti vanokwanisa kutumirana majini mashoko mukati boka iri, achitora dzakananga nzvimbo dziri nhengo biotic munharaunda uye kushanda mukati maro - kwevanhu hwakanga. It ane nhamba unhu, inova chete mutakuri boka uye kwete kuparadzanisa vanhu kuva boka iri.

The rinomutsa kunobva arambe achirema?

Zvinhu dzakadai rinomutsa zvokuwedzera saizi kunoenderana ayo arambe achirema. Kune mhando nhatu kuyanzva kwakadaro:

• kuwedzera zvazvingava shoma kuwedzera arambe achirema. Fani iyi ndiyo kwakapararira uye inoratidza chikonzero kutsiga vamwe vanhu. By kuwedzera arambe achirema kunoderedza mbereko. Somuenzaniso, kana musi 1 hectare munyika arambe achirema mukuru Tit asingasviki 1 vaviri, zvino mumwe angaverenga dendere anenge gumi Manyana ari arambe achirema 18 nomwe - mune imwe dendere vakarangana kako kuti 8. Zvinofadza kuti simba zvokuwedzera ukuru kunobva arambe achirema nomugumisiro yokuyaruka vanhu. It kunogona kunyatsooneka pane nzou, anokwanisa zvichiberekana vangatongera kuitika pakati pemakore 12 kusvika 18 makore. Kana arambe achirema iri diki, ipapo tinogona kutaura nokuberekwa slononka makore mana ose, nomupirista - imwe nzou mumakore manomwe.
• Mwero kwouwandu hwevanhu yepamusoro panguva paavhareji arambe achirema. Izvi ndezvechokwadi kunyanya mhuka kuti zvave boka maturo.
• Mune mhando rechitatu, iyo anosarudza simba rinomutsa vokuparidzira saizi, kukura prices kuramba kuchinja kusvikira nguva kwakadaro haisati asvika refu arambe achirema, pashure rwunotanga kusviba nehasha. ukama Izvi pachena zvinoonekwa kuti vanhu lemmings. Iye ari nhamba yacho arambe achirema inotanga tama.

biotic zvinhu

The zvakanyatsoenzana vanogara saizi murau kunotemwa zvikurukuru nokuda biotic zvinhu. Chief pakati pavo iyi ndiyo makwikwi mukati rudzi. Muenzaniso unoshamisa: kurwira maberekero (nzvimbo yake). makwikwi kwakadaro kungaita kubata kuvhunduka chirwere (vasiri kushanda). emuchina kwakadaro zvokuwedzera saizi zvakakwana kuchengetwa nemakonzo. Kukwirira arambe achirema vasiri kushanda kunoita kuti vasanyanye wembereko uye kwakawedzera kufa. Ndizvo yevagari saizi iri rikadzokera dzinongoitika wenguva chechetere.

Zvinhu kukanganisa kukura

Kune mamwe marudzi umo vakuru kudya vana vavo. basa kwakadaro zvokuwedzera emuchina uye nhamba yaro inonzi kudya vanhu. It anoita kukura chavagari kutapudzwa. Muenzaniso Fani iyi inogona kushanda knot ari madhamu kuWestern kweSiberia. Zvokudya vakuru inoumbwa 80% remhuru ake chete kwemarudzi. The vaduku chaizvo anodya plankton.

Kutaurirana kwavatori pakati howa vanokosha kudzora arambe achirema zvokuwedzera. Zvikara uye nezvavakatapa, utachiona hwacho uye nehondo dzavo - chinhu chinokosha vemo emuchina kwemarudzi mazhinji ezvinhu zvipenyu. Kubva izvi kazhinji napo vanogara arambe achirema.

Zvimwe zvinhu zvinosanganisira chirwere. Ose nemavhairasi vanokwanisa kuderedza yevagari kwezvimwe kune zviratidzo kuti ingangowanikwa panguva iyoyo inoshandawo. Izvi zvinoshanda zvose zvipenyu, kusanganisira vanhu. The uchitsanya nzira zvirwere kunyenga nevanhu vane yepamusoro arambe achirema.

marudzi emuchina

Sezvo simba zvokuwedzera saizi - kuchinja kwenhamba vanhu irori vakawanda, zvino, kunyange zvakaoma kuwana mbiri zvakafanana (akafanana emuchina) vokuparidzira, asi vanogona kuva pamusoro, nokukanganisa diki, kuderedzwa kune mhando nhatu vokuparidzira emuchina:

1. Yakatsiga.
2. Kwazvo muchikwidza nokuderedza inzwi.
3. Putika.

Description yakatsiga uye kwazvo muchikwidza nokuderedza inzwi mhando

Yakadzikama mhando - kwese shiri dzakawanda huru uye mhuka. Inoshanda pamutemo zvigadziriswe akabatana biotic zvinogona mukati vakawanda, uye mune ukama pakati zvokunze vamwe vanhu, anogona kupa vamwe nokufamba kwenhamba asi zvishoma, kakati, asi haana kurongeka. The huru muchinangwa murau ezvinhu basa interrelation pakati nevanhu nezvikara uye nezvavakatapa uwandu hwevanhu zvigadziriswe uye munyika maitiro akadai munhu akanyatsorongwa, Spatial, uye zvakafanana.

Kwazvo muchikwidza nokuderedza inzwi mhando - nezvekumwe kuti vanhu, nhamba uye arambe achirema izvo anoda maviri matatu mirairo zvikuru. Zvakaneta inertial zvigadziriswe uye intrapopulation makwikwi ezvinhu mutemo nhamba zvipenyu zvakadaro kunokosha chaizvo. Izvi mhando kunoratidzwa Somuenzaniso, vakawanda xylophagous nezvipembenene.

More kuhukura zvipembenene oblong - kwazvo muchikwidza nokuderedza inzwi Nhamba mhando hwevanhu emuchina, kuti kutsenga mai maberere uye mazai avo Siberian larch huni.

In ichi mhando emuchina anoenda kuburikidza matanho matatu:

1. Tupukanana uchirwisa mumwe miti kuti vane shoma kuparadzana nebwe. Ivo secrete mapheromone, kukwezva vamwe vanhu. Ivo cherechedza ndima, uye muti simba mberi. With kuwedzera arambe achirema kunotanga vaitamira kune miti yakavakidzana.
2. zvipembenene arambe achirema kuramba ichiwedzera, uye nenhunzvi kwakaderedza nhamba mazai vakaisa navo. The mazana vanotanga kufa vakawanda.
3. Akaderedza hwevanhu arambe achirema, uye Kudzikamiswa zvokuwedzera kune optimum padanho.

Musi vagari nemakwati zvipembenene vane vakasimudzira zvikuru notupukanana nezvikara. Asi zviri Zvinoshamisa kuti kana uwandu zvipembenene vakaramba yakaderera uye svikiro kwevari kwevanhu kukura riri aparidze kuhukura zvipembenene. nhamba zvipembenene chete kuri kuva huru - ivo kuderedza intraspecific makwikwi, izvo zvinoita kuti tirambe yakakwirira azvipire vemo.

Putika mhando zvayo hunomusiyanisa nevamwe zvinhu

Putika mhando - hunhu nevanhu vane panomuka nevazhinji kubereka, kana nhamba inowedzera achishandisa yakawanda mirairo. Izvi munhu ane hwakanyatsorwisa yakakwirira azvipire biotic kwaniso. Density anogona zvishoma pfuura inogona nzvimbo. Ipapo vakawanda vaitamira inotanga. Izvi anonyanya zvinoreva mhashu, nemakonzo uye vanhu zvakafanana.

Zvakaoma kuona kukosha nokudzidza vokuparidzira emuchina ramangwana yose nyika.

Kana paine vanhu vakawanda kubereka, ipapo kutaura pamusoro kushaya kudzora interspecies ukama. Zvadaro kudzokera mudanga pakusava, nhamba murau kunoitika kunonyanya tichiregeredza intrapopulation zvigadziriswe. The anosiyiwa ndiwo vazhinji chirwere, kana paine compaction vemo.

The simba cho vemo ndiyo homeostasis. Wakaisa ichi chokwadi uye zvikonzero novimba arambe achirema uye kukonzera nadzurudzo. Homeostasis anobvumira nokufamba kwenhamba yevanhu mukati vemo dzemunharaunda (kunodzivisa ari kuparadzwa kwezvakatipoteredza mari). Izvi zvinoita zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza nepakati, biotic uye abiotic ezvinhu.

The hunoshanda kukosha kwevanhu emuchina

In nomumwe nevanhu, nhamba iri dzichichinja. Kana paine zviri pachena kuti nharaunda kuti mureza kutsauka pane nhamba parameters (avhareji), anoratidza nadzurudzo rikurumidze. Dzokai avhareji vakawanda inonzi murau. Density nguva dzose anochinja kukosha kwayo kana ichitapira pakuchinja hwevanhu saizi.

Tinogona kutaura kuti simba rinomutsa zvokuwedzera saizi - vanzwisise kuti anosarudza kwakakura biotic kwaniso.

Igaroziva zvezvakatipoteredza zvinhu pamusoro zvipenyu rega here kuchinja kukura chavagari kunoenderana ayo arambe achirema. Izvi zvinosanganisira ukama uye biotic pfuma yamarudzi abiotic kwezvakatipoteredza zvinhu. Nokupesvedzera zvinhu zvakadaro yakatarwa kwevanhu homeostasis.

Mitemo homeostasis

• Hwaro homeostatic ezvinhu ari dikidiki murau, kuti ndiye. E. Kukanganisa kururamiswa hurongwa.
• Vazhinji zvingatema pamutemo mugumisiro yaitsigira divi, zvainanga vakaomerwa kukura yezviri kwevanhu saizi.
• The nhamba iri yawedzera Akaroromesawo kumanikidzwa murau zvinhu.
• For siyana tsika arambe achirema ari vakawanda anochinja basa akasiyana pamutemo zvinhu.

On sei inoshanda homeostatic zvenhengo zvichienderana norudzi vanogara emuchina nerimwe vemo. In Nemuromo, chero vagari anokwanisa parinogumira kukura vakawanda, kana hakungoitwi nevanhu kwezvakatipoteredza zvinhu. Zvino mwero kuwedzera vanacho pakutsvaga ukuru biotic zvinogona.