Chii musimboti kunotozowedzera. talion musimboti: tsika kugutsikana

Akakurumbira ebhaibheri "ziso neziso, zino nezino" ane rimwe zita wokurera mumurairo, - nheyo kutsiva. Zvaanoreva chinobva, kushandisa mazuva aya sei uye kupi?

tsananguro

Talion musimboti chinoreva chirango mhosva, chiyero iyo inofanira bereka hwokukuvara vakatambura.

Zvingava zvinhu uye kwokufananidzira. Kana wokutanga zvinokonzerwa kurangwa zvakaipa kuburitswa chaizvo, uye wechipiri - wakaenzana mhosva nokudzorera inoitwa pfungwa.

The kwaita nheyo kutsiva chokuita nekukura kwevanhu yeruramisiro apo dzisingadzorwi ropa daka vasisiri sezvarayirwa zvinodiwa nokururamisira. Saka, chinangwa chacho ndechokuita kuti kudzivirira wacho nemhuri yake nhengo kuedza kuita zvakaipa kusina basa wacho nemhuri yake.

Chirango pamusana kutsiva munguva prehistoric nguva

Kwakatangira pfungwa tsotsi mutongo kuti equalize kukuvadza vakatambura, dzakabuda makore akawanda apfuura mumamiriro muvanhu. The chinyakare chimiro musimboti ichi rachengetedzwa dzimwe tsika kuti nhasi. Saka, vagari Guinea, murume ane mudzimai akanga nemhosva upombwe aiva nekodzero kurara nomudzimai akakuvadza, uye muna shona mukoma kana mumwe munhu ane hama wemufi pamusana nomumwe munhu hanya kuwa pamuti, aigona panguva chete ezvinhu sezvo iye vachisvetuka kubva kumusoro pamusoro unwitting avatadzira.

talion musimboti Hammurabi

Mambo uyu yeBhabhironi, anozivikanwa nokuda kwouchenjeri hwake uye kufanoona zvaiva mberi, akasika mitemo nawo kururamisira yaifanira yekwake uye munharaunda dziri vakakunda nyika. Mitemo Hammurabi ane 3 chirango ehove

• .. The chirango hwokufananidzira ushe kutsiva, kureva panheyo "ziso neziso";
• Utongi rokufananidzira (mwanakomana akarova baba vake akagura ruoko rwake, mumwe chiremba kuti kundikana kuvhiyiwa - munwe uye vamwe.);
• ushe pamusoro girazi (kana padenga reimba yakadhirika uye vakauraya vamwe nhengo vehondo mhuri, akatengesa muvaki rufu hama).

Ndinoshamisika kuti munhu worudzii zvenhema aigona pangozi kuuraya. Zvikurukuru, chakadaro akanga vaifungidzira, kana nhema akanga pasi norufu.

MuJudhiya uye muRoma yekare

Mukurumbira yezvechitendero Filon Aleksandriysky vakarwira nheyo pakati nepakati kutsiviwa sezvo chete akanaka nzira kuranga mhosva. Aiva mumwe nevafungi vechiJudha kutanga vaiona mukana muripo kuti kukuvara.

Basa panheyo kutsiva wakaiswa mumitemo Rome yekare. Munguva imwecheteyo muJudhiya akuvara aigona kusarudza pakati pokushandisa chete kukuvara mhosva uye mari muripo, zvakanyorwa muTestamende Yekare (cf .. Eks. 21:30). Zvisinei, pashure penguva vanyori Talmud dzakasarudza kuti vakakodzera talion toga kukuvara kunogona kuonekwa chete muripo wemari. Vakanga wakarurama ichi nokutaura kuti kururamisira kunotozowedzera hazvigoni sechinoitika vechokwadi ziso anogona kuva diki kana hombe, VANOONA kana nemaziso vasingadzoreki, uye zvichingodaro. N.

Saka, pakutanga izvozvo chibharo nheyo yokuenzana kunotozowedzera, uyewo nezvaro Yekare, kubatana mutemo vose.

The Bible

MuTestamente Yakare nhungamiro kutsiva wakatangwa kumisa cheni mhosva pamusana ropa daka pakati mhuri, izvo zvinogona kugara kwemakore. Asi akashandisa nheyo zvakaenzana kutsiva. Uye mutemo izvi zvichiitirwa kushandiswa navatongi, kwete vanhu. Ndokusaka vasayendisiti vari kudana kwete kufunga emubhaibheri musimboti wokururamisira "ziso neziso" sezvo foni dzokutsiva, sezvo muTestamente Yakare Book raEksodho (21: 23-21: 27) ndiko chete chirango maererano mhosva vakaita.

Gare gare Kristu anonzi "kuisa zvakarurama dama," saka kuita yechimurenga vanhu pfungwa. Zvisinei, nheyo kutsiva harisati rapera, asi yakashandurwa kuva "kutonga yendarama kwetsika" iri yepakutanga mashoko richiti kuti hazvibviri kuita kune vamwe sezvo haudi kuita kuti iwe, uye ipapo zvokudya kupinda muchimiro rudano chiito.

Mune Korani,

In Islam, chirango panheyo kutsiva zvinogoneka dzimwe nguva mari kukuvadza rudzikinuro.

Kunyanya, Korani ushandiswe mirroring mubayiro vaya vakaurayiwa (mukadzi - mukadzi, muranda - muranda), asi kana mhondi yakanga nokukangwanwira hama (hazvo vaMuslim), ipapo achizoripa rudzikinuro vakakodzera vakatambudzwa. The Kutonga wokupedzisira ari touted se "zororo uye tsitsi," uye nokuda kwayo kutyora rinovimba kunorwadza chakasimba.

The Maitiro kukanganwira muna Sura 5 runoonekwa kuva chiito, zvivi rokudzikinura. Zvisinei, kangamwiro kwakanyorwa chete varumbidzwa, asi haamanikidzwi. Panguva iyoyo vari chinotevera Surah, unogona kuwana pfungwa mubayiro chakaipa nechakaipa pacharo wakadaro, saka rokuti atsive anoenzanisa kune akaipa.

Saka, muna chiIslam, talion haana kurambwa sezvo zvakasimba sezvo chiKristu. Kunyanya achicheka zvinodiwa mutsauko mukubata "yavo" uye kurwisa infidels nokuda mhosva iyo kunodiwa kusangana chete.

The Russian kodzero

Pfungwa kutsiva munyika huripo kusvikira muzana remakore rechi18. Saka, muna Council Code 1649 chirango panheyo kutsiva zvinoreva kuti vauye pamwe akutadzira saizvozvo sezvaakaita. Murayiro rinotaura zvakajeka kuti zvinokosha "nokukurumidza iye chete." Nokuti meso gouged kunze Uyezve, wamatsotsi aigona vakatambudzwa panguva mazororo, sezvo vaishanda kumhanya nyaya vhiki yose.

Oddly zvakakwana, asi Taleon rakachengetedzwa mumitemo Peter I. Kunyanya, kupenda uto kubva 1715 vakarayirwa kuti kupisa aine simbi vanomhura mutauro inopisa kuti nhema akagura zvigunwe zviviri, uye nemhaka yokuuraya musoro.

Zvisinei, nokufamba kwenguva marudzi aya kunotozowedzera havachasungirwi kushandiswa. Izvi ainyanya nokuti kuti zvakaoma zvikuru siyana kwemhosva, chirango uye girazi zvava hazviiti.

Kubva pfungwa etsika

Zvinofungidzirwa kuti nheyo kutsiva ndiyo yokutanga mu nhevedzano nemwero vanhu vanobvunza zvikuru rwevanhu mashoko pamusoro sei zvinofanira nokudzorwa reshiyo zvakanaka uye zvakaipa. Mune mamwe manzwi, izvozvo kunotangira panowanikwa yetsika. Zvisinei, kuti chidzoke wenyika, vakatora pamusoro mashandiro kururamisira, vakadzokera kunyika Taleon kakasaririra kare uye vakamurova kubva mazita mirayiridzo inokosha murau nemhaka yetsika.

Zvino imi munoziva tsika zviri nheyo kutsiva, uyewo nokududzirwa uye zvinoshandiswa tsika dzechitendero uye netsika dzakasiyana.