Radioactive zvinhu - chii ngozi chaiyo?

All mupenyu uye zvisina upenyu hunhu pasi redu riri pachena kuti radioactive nemwaranzi panguva yayo yose kuvapo. Kudzivisa izvi zvachose hazvibviri.

Radioactive zvinhu zvinogona riri mukati mumuviri uye kunze kwayo - ichi ndiko kunonyanya kukonzerwa pamberi dzinongoitika background, izvo chimiro sezvingatarisirwa kuitika isotopes. Ivo varipo mune membranes ose apasi: pachivande, muvhu, nemvura, mudenga.

Conventionally, radioactive zvinhu inogona kupatsanurwa muzvikwata guru matatu:

1. Isotopes izvo aumba kubva uranium exchange-232, thorium-232 uye 235 actinouranium.
2. Radioactive zvinhu 40 potassium, calcium yakawanda 48, rubidium uye 87, kuti havasi majini ukama boka rokutanga.
3. Isotopes izvo kuumbwa panguva zvenyukireya siyana, kuratidza ichi- munyika nokuda kuona yepasi pose mwaranzi (semuenzaniso, tritium, carbon 14 uye 3).

Uyewo, izvi zvinhu zviri rakakamurwa dzinongoitika uye chakagadzirwa radioactivity. The rwokuzvarwa vane refu isotopes kuti zviripo zvakasikwa mukomboni yacho chinhu. Hwavo hafu-upenyu anoda kubva zana kwemakore ane chiuru.

Chakagadzirwa radioactivity mugumisiro zvenyukireya siyana, achimhanya murume. Somuenzaniso, munguva pakuputika yenyukireya yabereka isotopes anenge 250, izvo 225 vari radioactive. isotopes izvi kuitika somugumisiro nokuda fission kwenyukireya kunzi zvinoriumba "inorema", uye kwavakazoita kuora zvigadzirwa. Basa radioactive fuma iri zvakananga novimba nhamba nuclei kuora pamusoro nguva. Kunokonzera akaumba nuclei, dzakanga basa.

Ngozi nemwaranzi kuti zvipenyu kutakura chepfu radionuclides (Ra 226, Th 228, Pb 21, Ru 106, Na 22, Sr 89, etc.), Izvo zvinosanganisira Batanidzai neerekitironi maatomu plutonium uye uranium exchange - i.e. mugove mafuta zvenyukireya, iyo isingataurwi akapinda mune fission zvakaitwa.

Vanhu akagona kusika chakagadzirwa radionuclides anopfuura mazana maviri uye vakadzidza kushandisa simba renyukireya zvinangwa zvakasiyana-siyana, uye haisi rugare chaizvo. Saka, nesimba pakuputika yenyukireya rinoshandiswa mushonga, zvombo, kutsvaka chicherwa deposits uye kugadzirwa chipa simba. Saka kuwedzera zvachose dose nemwaranzi vagari paNyika.

Kazhinji, vanhu radioactive zvinhu kupinda womunhu kuburikidza zvokudya, mvura uye mhepo. Huwandu uye toxicity kuti radionuclides zviri zvokudya pakutsvaga nemwaranzi ezvinhu kwakasimbiswa munzvimbo.

Plants Sechipanji nemwaranzi kwete chete kubva pasi, asi kubva dzinongoitika kunaya. radionuclides Most uchingounganidza muna makabheji uye beets, uye mudukusa zvose kwavari huri vanhuwo uswa.

Yokunatswa chirimwa kwaizotevera chafariz kurapwa substantially kunoderedza uwandu nemwaranzi mairi. Somuenzaniso, apo kuchenesa matapiri uye beets hwabviswa kusvika 40% kubva radionuclides, uye kana kubika - 10-15%. Kana kubika nyama yemhuka radioactive zvinhu uyewo zvakaitika mu muto (20% kusvika 50%).

Kuderedza zviri radionuclides mu nomukaka zvigadzirwa, zvakanakisisa vari kutendeuka kupinda mafuta uye mapuroteni inonyanya.

Chii ngozi nemwaranzi?

Chokutanga, kunyange mishonga duku kunogona kukonzera ngetani zviitiko pamuviri inotungamirira majini abnormalities kana kenza. Radiation pamatunhu mishonga inoparadza masero uye munyama, kukonzera rufu nhengo. Panguva cellular sandara, kuti mashandiro wakaremara muchitokisi kupesana wayo chromosomal midziyo chakavhara updating pezvakaitwa uye paumbwe masero vane unozotevera patsva kuti munyama.

Chinonyanya kurwadza radioactive zvinhu chiito mumwongo thyroid, gonads, uye chirwatata - kureva nhengo idzo zvinoda kuramba updating masero uye munyama.