Bvumidzwa nemwaranzi dose vanhu

Radiation - chinhu kubatsira zvipenyu chisingazivi ungahuziva. Kunyange vanhu havana nevamwe receptors, izvo vakanzwa kuvapo makuriro mwaranzi. Vanamazvikokota vainyatsoongorora mugumisiro nemwaranzi pamusoro utano hwevanhu uye upenyu. Ivo zvakasikwa uye Namano nawo waivako inogona wakaiswa. munguva nemwaranzi dose pamwero nemwaranzi, achifuridzirwa iyo munhu waiva kosi kwegore.

In chii nechiyero nemwaranzi?

The World Wide Web, unogona kuwana zvakawanda mabhuku pamusoro radioactive nemwaranzi. Zvinenge ose kunobva pane uwandu nemwaranzi dzemunharaunda uye nemigumisiro nekusazvidzora kwavo. Kuti tinzwisise kujeka dzakabatana haagoni pakarepo. Zvakawanda mashoko kunozivisa kufadza bvumidzwa mishonga kuruzhinji, anogona kuvhiringidza nyore uye ruzivo munhu. Chimbofunga pfungwa shoma uye unyatsonzwisisa akamboona.

In chii uyere nemwaranzi choutsi? The pamazita variables rakanyatsojeka hunoshamisa: Curie, rad, Gray, becquerel, rem - ndiko chete zvainyanya chikuru mwaranzi dose. Nei vakawanda? Ivo inoshandiswa vamwe minda mushonga uye kudzivirira zvakatikomberedza. Per chikwata nemwaranzi kuona rimwe fuma achitora kunyura dose - 1 Gray (Gy) 1 J / makirogiramu.

Achifuridzirwa nemwaranzi pamusoro zvipenyu zviri kutaura vakaenzana dose. Zviri akaenzana woga dose ari nyama dzomuviri, inobva chikwata gobvu, kane nhamba kukuvara. The kuramba iri dzinounzwa mumwe nhengo ane yayo. Mugumisiro yaunganidzwa kadambari nhamba chairema pamwe mutsva - sievert (Sv).

Pahwaro atogamuchira mashoko pamusoro zvainoita nemwaranzi kubva ane nhengo rinenge riri pakutsvaga inobudirira noenderana dose. parameter ichi rinowanikwa nevanhu vachiwedzera rapfuura nhamba iri sievert pedyo coefficient iyo anofunga kusiyanisa nehanya kuti munyama kuti nemwaranzi. kukosha kwayo unopiwa kuongorora zvipenyu kwaiita nhengo uwandu simba kunyura.

Ndeipi zvinobvumidzwa dose nemwaranzi uye pavanosvika ikoko?

Radiation chengetedzo nyanzvi pachishandiswa mashoko pamusoro mugumisiro nemwaranzi utano hwevanhu zvave kunonyanyisa zvinobvumidzwa tsika simba kuti anogona nyura nomuviri pasina kukuvadza. Maximum zvinobvumidzwa dose (PDD) vari kuti kuroorwa kana mazhinji irradiation. Muchiitiko chino, nemwaranzi kuchengeteka mitemo kufungawo zvainyanya vanhu pachena kuti zviito mwaranzi background.

Kusiyanisa zvinotevera Categories:

• A - Persons achishanda ionizing nemwaranzi zvinyorwa. Nokufamba kuita kwavo basa mabasa kupesvedzera nemwaranzi.
• B - kunotsanangurwa vokuparidzira nzvimbo, vashandi vane mabasa asina chokuita nemwaranzi chionekeso.
• In - yevagari venyika.

Pakati mudonzvo Munokudzwa mapoka maviri: Vanobata kudzorwa nzvimbo (nemwaranzi dose mukuru 0.3 gore negore SDA) uye mudonzvo uri mapazi yakadaro (0.3 of SDA haina kupfuura). Mukati mishonga vari 4 mhando dzakaoma nhengo, i.e. avo munyama vane kuparadzwa achengeta kupfuura nhamba muna ionized nemwaranzi. Tichitarisa dzakanyorwa Mapato vanhu vemo uye vashandi, uyewo dzinonetsa zvomukati, nemwaranzi kuchengeteka unopisa SDA.

Kokutanga dzokupisa miganho vakanga akatanga muna 1928. Huwandu negore Absorção de Água nechekumashure nemwaranzi kuti 600 mSv (mSv). Rakavakwa kuti utano nenyanzvi - radiologists. Kudzidza ionizing mwaranzi nezvainoita kureba uye kunaka kwoupenyu makasimba mirayiro. Nechekare muna 1956, wonamatidza wacho wakaderedzwa kusvika 50 mSv, uye muna 1996 nayo yakaderera kusvika 20 mSv International Commission pamusoro Radiation Protection. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti pakagadzwa motokari mitemo rega kufunga kwomuzvarirwo Absorção de Água pamusoro ionized simba.

rwokuzvarwa nemwaranzi

Kana iwe udzivise radioactive okunze uye nemwaranzi yavo ichiri zvimwe zvichibvira, yepanyama kumashure haazopukunyuki. Natural vachiona nechimwe kumatunhu ane munhu zviratidzo. Rakanga nguva dzose mumakore haangavi kunyangarika, asi chete rinoungana.

kwomuzvarirwo nenhanho nemwaranzi kunoenderana zvinoverengeka on:

• kukwirira pamusoro pegungwa kubva chinoratidza (rezasi, duku necheseri, ndiEzekieri);
• ivhu unaku, mvura uye matombo;
• chakagadzirwa zvikonzero (kugadzirwa, renyukireya simba zvirimwa).

Man anogamuchira nemwaranzi kuburikidza zvokudya, ivhu chiedza, zuva, panguva kuongorora zvokurapa. Zvimwe zvinyorwa dzokuteerera vari mukugadzira zvinomera, simba renyukireya zvinomera, bvunzo nzvimbo uye airfields launchers.

Nyanzvi tenda zvikuru yakakodzera dzokupisa chisingazivi kupfuudza 0.2 mSv paawa. Uye yokumusoro panogumira nemwaranzi dzemunharaunda raanotaura 0.5 microsieverts paawa. Kwapera nguva dzamarudzi kuona ionized zvinhu bvumidzwa nemwaranzi dose vanhu vakawedzera kusvika 10 mSv / h.

Maererano vanachiremba, upenyu hwake hwose ari munhu anogona kugamuchira nemwaranzi pamwero vasina zvinopfuura 100-700 mSv. Kutaura zvazviri, vanhu vanogara dzemakomo, kupesvedzera nemwaranzi akawanda pezvose guru. Average Absorção de Água pamusoro ionized simba kuita mugore riri pamusoro 2-3 mSv.

Tsoziva nemwaranzi chinobata masero?

Vanoverengeka makemikari vane nemwaranzi pfuma. Ko chinoshingaira renyukireya fission maatomu, iyo inosvitsa nokubudiswa yakawanda simba. simba ichi anokwanisa chaizvoizvo ringakweva maerekitironi kubva maatomu fuma mumasero. Masero pacharo unonzi ionization. Atomu, iyo kwave kuchiita nzira yakadaro, anochinja ehupfumi dzayo, iyo inosvitsa nokuchinja rose maumbirwo nyaya. Nokuti maatomu ari Morekuru vanochinjwa, nokuti mamorekuru ari mukuru zvivako zviri tishu mupenyu. With kuwedzera ekisiposha pamwero ichiwedzerwa uye uwandu masero dzakachinjwa, zvichiguma pose nokuchinja. Nezvenyaya iyi, uye vakanga akaverenga zvinobvumidzwa nemwaranzi dose kuvanhu. Chokwadi chokuti kuchinja mumasero mapenyu uye zvazvinoita morekuru reDNA. The rokuzvidzivirira iri kushingaira paanodzorera nyama uye kunyange kukwanisa "kugadzira" ukama DNA. Asi vanenge zvaikosha nokufumurwa kana kuvhunika muviri dzokuzvidzivirira vari kukura chirwere.

Up kureva mukana wokuti chirwere kuitika panguva cellular pachiyero, mune chakaipa Absorção de Água zvakaoma mwaranzi. Kana chinobudirira dose (anenge 20 mSv pagore nokuda indasitiri vashandi) akapfuudza yakarumbidza mukufambisira kakawanda, kunopindirana utano ipfupi kwazvo. The rokuzvidzivirira kutadza, iyo rinobatanidza pave nezvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana.

mishonga Large nemwaranzi, iyo inogona kuwanikwa somugumisiro tsaona pa simba renyukireya miti kana mabhomba bhambu, hahuenderani upenyu nguva dzose. Zvinyama vakadhakwa masero zvakachinjwa vanofa vazhinji uye havambokwanisi nguva kuti ndipore iyo rinobatanidza kutyora anokosha. Kana chikamu zvinyama anodzokororwa, ipapo munhu achava mukana wokugadzirisa.

Zviratidzi bvumidzwa nemwaranzi mishonga

Maererano nemwaranzi yakachengeteka nezvinodiwa kufadza zvinobvumidzwa kwazvo ionizing mwaranzi pagore. Funga manhamba anopiwa tafura.

Sezvinogona kuoneka kubva petafura, bvumidzwa dose pagore vashandi vane ngozi maindasitiri uye simba renyukireya miti yakasiyana chaizvo kubva inofananidza hwokurara Dzavose utsanana anodzivirirwa zvikamu. The ndechokuti chete kwenguva refu Absorção de Água pamusoro ionizing mwaranzi akabvumira muviri kukurira nenguva kuzoita masero pasina kukuvadza utano.

mishonga dzevanhu ekisiposha Single

A kuwedzera nechokumashure nemwaranzi kunotungamirira zvakawanda zvakakomba kukuvadza munyama, uye saka vanotanga atadze kushanda zvakanaka kana kunyange kuramba miviri. The dzinonetsa wehurumende kunoitika chete kana kugamuchira guru uwandu ionizing simba. A zvishomanana nekumwisa zvavakabvumirana mishonga inogona kutungamirira zvirwere zvinogona kurapwa.

Imwe-nguva okutambirwa yakawanda nemwaranzi kwakakanganisa kunokanganisa mamiriro ezvinhu muviri: sero yava kuparadzwa, hapana nguva kuti ndipore. Kunokonzera dzokupisa, zvikuru pane ari maronda.

Kukura nemwaranzi kurwara: Zvinokonzera

Radiation chirwere anonzi mukuru ezvinhu muviri, kwakakonzerwa simba nemwaranzi kupfuura SDA. Maronda vari chaichengetwa zvose hurongwa. Maererano nemashoko neInternational Commission musi Radiological Protection, ari irradiation dose, kuchikonzera nemwaranzi kurwara, kutanga mabasa 500 mSv panguva kana mSv anopfuura 150 pagore.

Kukuvadza kunoita mukuru kuchinyanya (500 mSv yakawanda imwe-nguva) zvauya kubva kushandiswa zvombo zvenyukireya, kuongorora kwavo njodzi nevanhu, ane ndichibvunza irradiation kurapwa pakurapa kenza, rheumatic zvirwere uye nezvirwere ropa.

Kukura chisingaperi mwaranzi kurwara pasi vanachiremba vari dhipatimendi nemwaranzi mishonga uye Diagnostics, uyewo varwere vari kazhinji pasi X-ray uye radionuclide zvidzidzo.

Kupatsanura nemwaranzi kurwara, zvichienderana nemwaranzi dose

The chirwere kunoratidzwa pachishandiswa worudzii ionizing mwaranzi dose murwere kugamuchira uye kuti akanga achienda refu. Single kuona kunotungamirira kuti rikwanise ezvinhu, uye kuramba achidzokorora, asi zvishoma hombe - chirwere kwacho.

Funga inokosha chimiro nemwaranzi kurwara, maererano kugamuchira chete ekisiposha:

• nemwaranzi kukuvadzwa (asingasviki 1 Sv) - reversible kuchinja kuitika;
• mwongo fomu (1 kusvika 6 Sv) - ane madhigirii mana, zvichienderana dose yakagamuchirwa. Rufu mu chirwere kwakadaro kunopfuura 50%. Kwakaita masero mumwongo. Mamiriro anogona kunatsiridza transplantation. refu kupora kumwedzi;
• gastrointestinal (10-20 Sv) kunoratidzwa zvikuru ezvinhu, sepsis, gastrointestinal ropa;
• Zvemwoyo (20-80 Sv) - akacherechedza hemodynamic vachivavhiringidza uye kwazvo kudhaka;
• chepfungwa (80 Sv) - dzinouraya mukati memazuva 1-3 nokuda chepfungwa edema.

Mukana kupora uye kunaya varwere mwongo vane chimiro (hafu nguva). mamiriro More chakakomba haigoni kubatwa. Rufu kunoitika mumazuva mashomanana kana mavhiki.

For chenjera nemwaranzi chirwere

Ndapedza dose nemwaranzi vakagamuchira uye nemwaranzi dose yakasvika 1-6 Sv kuva rikwanise nemwaranzi kurwara. Doctors vagovane mamiriro, vanotevera mumwe mu 4 nzendo:

1. Primary reactivity. It kumbowanikwa rokutanga maawa pashure irradiation. It hwokuratidza muutera, pasi BP, kuda kurutsa uye kurutsa. Irradiation pane 10 Sv makabva pakarepo kuti wechitatu danho.
2. The Isimba rakadini rinogona kubudiswa kumwedzi. Shure kwamazuva 3-4 mushure dzokuteerera uye kusvikira mwedzi nemamiriro anovandudza.
3. Zvakawedzerwa zviratidzo. Anoteverwa rwarisa, neta neta, intestinal, Hemorrhagic syndrome. mugariro wake wakanga guva.
4. Recovery.

Chenjera ezvinhu ikarapwa zvichienderana yezvakaita kunotoda mufananidzo. Vakawanda Muzviitiko basa detoxification kurapa nokuda kwokubatsira nevamiririri izvo neutralize radioactive zvinhu. Kana zvakakodzera, akaita kuwedzerwa ropa, mwongo transplantation.

Varwere vanogona kupona vhiki 12 weboka rikwanise mwaranzi chirwere wokutanga, kazhinji vane zvakanaka fungidziro. Asi kunyange kwakakwana kudzorerwa vanhu vakadaro kunowedzera ngozi kenza, uyewo mwana pamwe nemagene abnormalities.

Chisingaperi nemwaranzi chirwere

With kuramba uchinzwa nemwaranzi panguva yakaderera mishonga, asi kwazvo dzinokwana mSv 150 pagore (kwete kusanganisira zvepanyama kumashure), anotanga chirwere muchimiro nemwaranzi kurwara. kukura kwayo anoenda mumatanho matatu: inotungamirwa, kupora mugumisiro.

Danho rokutanga anotora nzvimbo pamusoro akawanda (kusvika 3). Kwokuomerwa mamiriro anogona tsunga kubva nyoro kune zvikuru. murwere kana iwe kupfigira kubva panzvimbo okutambirwa nemwaranzi, ipapo kwemakore matatu panozouya pakupora danho. Pashure paizvozvo, zvichida kunaya yakazara kana nekusiyana, pamwe kukurumidza kufambira mberi chirwere zvinouraya.

Ionized nemwaranzi yenyukireya anogona kuparadza masero ari nguva muviri uye anorishandura unusable. Ndokusaka zvaidiwa panogumira nemwaranzi mishonga chinhu chokuratidza kukosha pabasa ngozi runyararo uye kurarama pedyo simba renyukireya zvinomera, uye bvunzo dzinoshanyirwa.