Akagadzawo nemwaranzi chengetedzo mitemo. Bvumidzwa nemwaranzi zvazvingava

Munguva zvombo zvenyukireya uye renyukireya hakusi nyore kugara kure chii chiri kuitika, uye nei nemwaranzi kuchengeteka mitemo vakatodzidza chinokosha yokukurumidzira. ruzivo rwavo zvingabatsira kuongorora mamiriro, izvo angamuka iri chiitiko nenjodzi yenyukireya. Pasinei nokuti Hondo Yamashoko refu pamusoro, njodzi zvombo zvinoparadza havana kurega svoogo kuvapo uye rugare atomu Kakawanda kwakatungamirira chinotyisa nemigumisiro. Chinonyanya Zvinosiririsa muenzaniso ndiye paChernobyl tsaona, kana bvumidzwa nemwaranzi mitemo kuwedzeredza kakawanda, kana kwete asina kufungwa nezvazvo. liquidators zhinji uye vanobatwa nayo hapana chandaiziva.

Munguva Russian Federation, Ukraine uye dzimwe nyika dzakawanda akasimbisa kwakajairika nemwaranzi chengetedzo mitemo. Ivo enshrined mu mitemo uye nesangano mitemo. Chokutanga, mwaranzi chengetedzo mitemo chokuita vashandi zvenyukireya simba anosima, nemwaranzi-kuchengeteka muchiuto uye zvimwe zvinhu.

Kubva generalized ruzivo remitemo ichi, unofanira pakarepo zvaizobatsira kuataura. Directories Most anobata nemwaranzi chengetedzo mitemo sezvo dose miganhu yevanhu kugara nemwaranzi, izvo vaiona kuti vashoma vasiri utano. In zvesayenzi Mupfungwa, vane Advisory zvakasikwa. Kunyanya, mitemo yakadaro unosimbiswa noruremekedzo integrable nemwaranzi dose kubva mumabhuku ose nemwaranzi, iyo kunokanganisa munhu rose gore.

Radiation mishonga vari akayera mu Grays uye rads. Uyu zvakanaka generalized dzakabatana, tichifunga kuti zvinokonzerwa zvakafanana dosages pakubhadhara siyana nemwaranzi zvinoreva siyana chaivo kukuvara. Somuenzaniso, imwe dose 1 rad Alpha nemwaranzi kunokonzera mukuru anenge ka20 zvipenyu kukuvadzwa pane 1 rad wegamma kana Beta nemwaranzi. nemwaranzi chengetedzo mitemo zvakafanana utachiona anokonzerwa kusiyana rinowanikwa nokushandisa unhu chinokonzera pamusoro mwaranzi mhando (the hama chaivo efficacy) - ukoshi iyo anenge akatsidza.

A yakawanda Chinangwa kunyatsoongorora zvakakonzerwa nemwaranzi kusvika chaiyo chipenyu muviri rinoitwa kufungisisa unonzi yakaenzana (kunobudirira) dose. Zvinonzi kunoyerwa vachiwedzera kuti Wakanyura dose (mu rad) nokuti nemwaranzi yepamusoro coefficient (CC), ayo kure-hurongwa chikwata vaiona zviri zvipenyu. equiv. Farai (ber). On SR hurongwa kunoratidzwa vakaenzana dose sievert (Sv). 1 Sv = 1 J / makirogiramu = 1 Gy 1 Sv = 100 ber. zvazvingava kunogamuchirwa nemwaranzi zvichienderana pazvinhu zvinodiwa kuti munhu haasi kupfuura 0.1 ber (kunze dzinongoitika manyuko nemwaranzi). Nyanzvi uchishanda chakagadzirwa nemwaranzi manyuko (vashandi vane simba renyukireya zvinomera, somuenzaniso) hazvifaniri kugamuchira irradiation nokuti gore zvinopfuura 5 waAzuri.

Saka, unofanira kukwanisa kuverenga uye akaenzanisa nemwaranzi mitemo. Panewo yakawanda nomumwe achishandisa nemwaranzi kuyerwa, rinowanika akasununguka kutengeswa. Kana paine njodzi yenjodzi ezvinhu hunobatanidza mungozi nemwaranzi, zvakakosha kuyeuka kudiwa pachake unodzivirira zvokushandisa uye sorbents.