Buffer Nzvimbo Dzine (SPZ): tsanangudzo, miganhu, mutemo

Nyaya kuparadzana makambani ari njodzi makirasi uye kugadzwa zvakakodzera buffer munyika dzine rinoshanda vazhinji kugadzirwa mamaneja uye okutengesa masangano. Nzvimbo iyi iri nokudzorwa anoverengeka mabasa pamutemo. The chikuru kwavari makabuda SanPin 2.2.1 / 2.1.1.1200-03.

zvoupenyu chikumbiro

utsanana zvikamu mitemo inoshanda pakuvaka, mukuronga, nekutumirwa kwemauto, oparesheni, dzichangobva kuvakwa, yagadziridza huripo zvirimwa maindasitiri uye zvivako. Mitemo anechekuita okunze kukurukurirana uye chokufambisa, vezvokutengeserana network, Eenhede, utilities uye zvokurima, mutyairi wendege kugadzirwa. Vose vave manyuko kukanganisa utano hwevanhu uye rwakapoteredza zvakatipoteredza.

zvinangwa

Rules tsanangura:

1. Hazard kirasi kugadzira zvivako uye anokuridzira indasitiri.
2. Zvinodiwa kuti nharaunda kuchengetedzwa nzvimbo, zvinhu zviri dzokororo yavo.
3. The nzira uye nzira iyo chigaro miganhu utsanana zvikamu nomumwe nezvinobvamo kana zvavo zvivako.
4. Rairambidzwa kushandisa chaiyo kudzivirira nzvimbo.
5. Nzira kuti sangano uye kuzadziswa nenharaunda.
6. Zvinodiwa Kuti mashoko utsanana atsamwira ngozi (njanji, Mapaipi, mugwagwa, mhepo, nezvimwewo).

zvidzidzo

Chiripo mitemo utsanana kunofanira kuteverwa pamutemo uye utano vanhu vane basa chokuita placement, kuvaka, kuronga uye kushandiswa. Approved zvinodiwa uyewo aiendeswa mitumbi mvumo kushandisa mamiriro anotarisira.

SanPiN: utsanana zvikamu

Kuti vave nechokwadi rakachengeteka vagari, sezvakatenderanwa Federal Law №52 kubva 30 March 1999, kumativi zvinomera uye ezvirevo kuti vave manyuko kukanganisa utano hwevanhu uye zvakatipoteredza, kusika chaiwo chikamu chete rinokosha hurumende kushandiswa. Size utsanana mapazi vanofanira kuderedza kukanganiswa chaiko, kemikari, utachiona zvainoita mhepo mukati zvimwe parameters. By functionality nzvimbo idzi dzinoshumira somuganhu kufambisa pokugadzwa yakakodzera voruzhinji kuchengeteka pamwero panguva nokushanda maindasitiri pezvakaitwa kana mamwe mamiriro mune kuipa nzira.

urongwa

Kunosanganisira pakuverenga utsanana mapazi uye kupembedza Zvinofungidzirwa nzvimbo yaro maererano anokarirwa mhepo nokusvibiswa uye zvakadini rwomuviri kushanda paari. The zvichiguma Nhamba rinofanira kwechokwadi migumisiro kuyerwa uye tsvakurudzo. utsanana zvikamu chirongwa ari mune mumatanho maviri:

1. Rokutanga Danho. Kugadzirira mapepa maererano mhepo kusvibiswa kupararira kukarukureta uye panyama zvinofurira (vibrations, ruzha, Ichimura, etc ..).
2. Final danho (yakatarwa). Utsanana nzvimbo iri kurongwa maererano nemigumisiro munda zvakawanika, bvunzo uye pakuyera kuzosimbisa parameters vakagamuchira kwokutanga.

mamwe pfungwa

Chokuratidza, iro rinotaura nzvimbo utsanana zvikamu, - exceedance pamusoro dzavo dzokunze miganhu uye kunze vaifanira (Max) bvumidzwa pfungwa (MPC) nokuti mhepo kusvibisa yeimwe namagariro uye bvumidzwa mumatunhu (RC) rwomuviri maturo. For mapoka maindasitiri nezvinobvamo kuroora kuisa utsanana kudzivirira wenharaunda (SPZ) pamwe mukuru chinoratidza choutsi dzichitangira zvose mukati chete ndima. Laboratory nokuti Air Research uye kuyerwa wokutevedzera rinoda payo vakatakudzwa kubva pamitsetse hwakagadzwa anokosha zvikamu, mune dzimba kuchamuka masangano abvumirwa munzira nachiremba aurayiwe mabasa akadai.

muganhu nzvimbo

Utsanana kuchengetedzwa wenharaunda (SPZ) yakaiswa mukati zvimwe, maererano anobuda unhu. Maererano chokuratidza ichi, akabvumira nzira mbiri rokuumba migove dzakadaro:

1. Kubva zvinyorwa kuti muviri, makemikari, utachiona chaizvoizvo pamberi svikiro uye yakakwirira zvinhu, kugadzira kupopotedzana choutsi.
2. Kubva nomunda mitsetse kungova kugadzirwa zvoupfumi mabasa uye akaurayiwa maererano yemafambisirwo ezvinhu, kusvikira kuchivanze muganhu mune akafanorongerwa divi.

The yokupedzisira, akavapindurawo, utsanana Enterprise Zone yakasimbiswa:

1. From kurongwa uye chepamutemo zvinyorwa. Ipfungwa iri rinoshandiswa kana panze nzvimbo kwacho michina.
2. Kana sangano okuwana pamwe zvinyorwa akagoverwa mhiri maindasitiri nzvimbo.
3. In pamberi yakaderera uye pamusoro zvivako uye zvivako, akatakura kutonhora choutsi avhareji yakakwirira.

Mizhinji Permissions

Munzvimbo dzine makuriro prices kwazvo Utsanana zvinodiwa, pekugara zvivako, sevapristi kusvibiswa anopa uye migumisiro utano hwevanhu havabvumirwi. vavakezve kana redevelopment akapa richikwidibira siyana inokanganisa kuna MPC mu chaivo uye zvemakemikari nhamo, uye kure kuzvidzora mumuviri zvinhu vanobvumirwa kuti huripo zvivako kuti maindasitiri kushandiswa.

Utsanana kuchengetedzwa munyika dzine uye utsanana kupatsanura akaitwa

Kana mismatch nzvimbo dzinokosha dzine kurondedzerwa pasi Zvinofungidzirwa uye kunoguma ngozi tinyatsonzwisisa munda kuferefeta uye kuyerwa mumuviri, zvoutachiona uye makemikari migumisiro mumhepo, kusarudza kumisa pakunogumira pasi rakatorwa musimboti maererano iyo kunovimbisa kunonyanyisa kuchengeteka utano vanogara mu ine vagari pfungwa. Utsanana kuchengetedzwa munyika dzine uye utsanana kupatsanura makambani takatsunga maererano nekugona, anodawo mamiriro, mari uye zvakaita yeimwe akasunungura mumhepo, kunotangira vibration, ruzha uye zvimwe nematambudziko zvinhu. Zviratidzi uye mapoka ari kuumbwa uyewo tichifunga envisaged matanho kuderedza nemigumisiro utano hwevanhu uye nderemagariro. Zvinotevera kupatsanura utsanana kudzivirira zones:

• 1 masero. - 1000 mamita.
• 2 cl-. - 500 m.
• 3 cl-. - 300 metres.
• 4 masero. - 100 m.
• 5 cl-. - 50 mamita.

Zvinofanira akati kuti muzvirevo Rules utsanana zvikamu kunge kaviri. Somuenzaniso, nokuti kirasi yokutanga -. 2000 M Temporary rutapudzo mukurima vhoriyamu haaiti sepokutangira kuongorora kuti akagamuchira nzvimbo. Utsanana mapazi ari chinhu kusvikira vanodhirowa (Zano miganhu kuronga, mukuru urongwa eguta uye zvichingodaro.) Kunze maindasitiri nzvimbo segwapa chaizvo mashoko zviratidzo.

The kuwedzera munyika

The Rules pane zvinhu zvakati pasi iyo zvebhizimisi utsanana nzvimbo zvinogona akawedzera. Kuwedzera kwenzvimbo kusanganisira hapana zvinopfuura katatu. Utsanana zvikamu anogona zviwedzerwe kubvunzana miviri uye kuvakwa utsanana Inspection:

1. Zvichienderana kubudirira zvinogoneka kana akapa mweya womumwe kudzora matanho.
2. Kana zvakakodzera, vanoisa chokugara kukura mune kudivi leeward noruremekedzo kuti maindasitiri kugadzirwa munharaunda imwe zvichibvira nemhepo yakasviba.
3. Pasina achine yokuzvinatsa nzira.
4. Zvichienderana mhepo negwara uye dzimwe kwakaomarara nomunzvimbo dzine mamiriro.
5. Kana hazvibviri kuderedza vibration, ruzha, remagetsi RF mafungu uye dzinoodza zvinhu vanopinda zvakatipoteredza, kusvikira miganho waiti iri mirayiro.
6. Pakuvaka itsva, insufficiently akadzidza zvakatipoteredza nezvinobvamo.

kupedza

Utsanana zvikamu kana zvikamu zvayo, rirege kushandiswa kuwedzera maindasitiri nzvimbo. Area inofanira greened uye landscaped. Kuti aite izvi, chirongwa chinokosha kunokudziridzwa. Wakaitwa panguva imwe chete chirongwa patsva kana kuvakwa okuwana. Kana kuronga uvandudze ne chokugara nharaunda (nharaunda placement chokugara kwemauto, tsika zvivako, uye zvichingodaro.) Ko pakuraramisa munhu ubvise miti uye makwenzi kudyarwa. Yakafara inofanira kuva asingasviki 50 metres, apo upamhi buffer mapazi ari 100 M - kwete asingasviki 20 M kuitira zvakakodzera pamwero kwezvakatipoteredza tsime inopiwa Mitemo zvinhu kunogona wakaiswa mukati migove inokosha, uyewo zvakananga pamusoro maindasitiri nzvimbo.

renyukireya kwezvivako

Utsanana zvikamu zvenyukireya zvivako inopiwa nokuti Art. 31 Federal Law nhamba 170. Zvasikwa kuitira kudzivirira utano vanhu vanogara munzvimbo renyukireya simba chirimwa, nemwaranzi panobva kana kuchengetera nharaunda radioactive zvinhu uye zvinhu. Area uye muganhu dzakadaro anotsanangurwa muurongwa maererano nemirau waiti mumunda renyukireya kushandiswa. Akabvuma utsanana Inspection miviri uye aifarirwa nemamiriro hurumende dzematunhu.

mitemo

Act kumusoro hazvigoni raitenda mukati zvinhu buffer wongoramba yakajeka. Izvi zvinosanganisira kusanganisira ruzhinji uye dzinogarwa zvivako, kutarisira mwana nzvimbo, utano uye kutandara building, Eenhede, kugadzira, utility, uye nezvimwe zvivako purazi, havasi kushanda nokushanda rokugadza yenyukireya uye kwete akapa ari anotenderwa urongwa mundima. Maintenance kwezvivako zviripo mukati mapazi kuti zvinangwa zvoupfumi apo iwe kushandura hunhu hwavo kushandiswa anobvumirwa pamusoro mharidzo imwe kambani basa Kufambisa pamwe pehurumende kutarisira uye kuchengeteka mauto.

Mijenya pamusoro pakuongorora

Kudikanwa kumisa zvikamu zvakadai, nemiganhu dzavo uye dzine rinorondedzerwa muurongwa maererano zvinoitwa kuchengeteka zvenyukireya zvivako. The parameters akabvumirana mitumbi utsanana Inspection. On nzvimbo Zvaanoona zvinogona kumanikidza vamwe rairambidzwa yechiitwa zvoupfumi zvinhu yechinangwa mitemo yaivapo. Kana nzvimbo iyi mhando vanobatanidzwa utsanana zvikamu, akaenzaniswa socio-zvoupfumi muripo kuna zvizvarwa. Dzinovavarira muripo nokuda okuwedzera zvinokonzera njodzi. Vagari uyewo kufukidzwa zviyero kuti kuronga zvaipa. Muripo kuti kukuvadza kunokonzerwa pakagadzwa vachiongorora nhepfenyuro uye utsanana kuchengetedzwa rokufambira, rinoitwa opareta iri gadziriro mumutemo ano.

Kusimudzira hydrological hurumende

Munzvimbo dziri yakabatana mvura munzizi, madhamu nedzimwe pamusoro gidroistochnikov, akagadza utsanana mvura wongoramba. Vari pasi rinokosha hurumende zveupfumi uye mamwe mabasa. It nechinangwa kudzivisa silting, hutachiona, kusvibiswa uye Kuparadzwa zvinhu, kuchengetedza dzinogarisana mhuka uye zvinomera. zvikamu vakadaro vakaumba sechikamu zvezvakatipoteredza matanho zvainanga Kusimudzira hwokugadzira ezvinhu uye hydrological utongi, kuvandudzika anopa uye kumahombekombe nemitsetse. Mukati zvikamu yakasimbiswa shelterbelts, mukati izvo dzimwe matanho zvinhu nezvevanakomana.

The chaizvo rokururamisa mitemo

Coastal nzvimbo uye murindi muganhu zvisungo uye kudzivirira zvikamu mvura manyuko, avo kushandiswa muoti akatsunga maererano ivhu, mumuviri, nenzvimbo, hydrological uye zvimwe zvinhu zviri kufamba. Izvi zvinotora Nhoroondo for kuchinja coastlines. Border nzvimbo uye inofanira kunotenderwa remunharaunda Executive hurongwa pamusoro pfungwa Basin nemamwe Regional miviri yokudzora kushandiswa uye kudzivirirwa hydrological Ministry of Natural Resources Fund, akabvumirana zvikuru mvumo nehurumende nemasangano mumunda kwezvakatipoteredza kudzivirira, utsanana-epidemiological madhipatimendi uye dzemapazi Federal Border Service, mukati kugona kwavo.

parameters

Inosimbisa zvinotevera shoma upamhi kudzivirira munyika dzine uye kumahombekombe unodzivirira rinoparadza:

1. For munyanza, nzizi uye oxbow madhamu - kubva nemvura pamucheto pane zvinoitika azvipire backwater.
2. For anezvimiti - kubva kumiganhu yavo (razero kudzama peat deposits).
3. Nokuti makungwa - kufadza panogumira vavimbezve.

Shoma upamhi runodzivirira kudzivirira mapazi kuti rwizi nzvimbo, wakareba kubva kwaibva:

1. 10 km - 50 mamita.
2. Kubva 10 kusvika 50 km - 100 m.
3. 50-100? Km - 200 metres.
4. 100-200? Km - mamita 300.
5. 200-500? Km - 400 metres.
6. 500 uye zvakawanda - 500 m.

Key zvinhu

Simbisai chaiwo ezvinhu kuonekwa pakusarudza upamhi romumhenderekedzo yegungwa mutsetse madziva, nzizi uye reservoirs. Zvinhu izvi zvinosanganisira mhando dzacho dziri yakabatana bhuku, steepness pakati mawere. Somuenzaniso, noupamhi yegungwa pa razero kana kuzvishandura kutsvetera pamberi nyika arable yakaiswa mukati 15-30 m, nemiti uye dondo - 35 mamita. Apo madhigirii anopfuura matatu materu., In pamberi chete pedyo midziyo, daro inowedzerawo kuti 55-100 m.

wairambidza mabasa

The Regulation pamusoro kudzivirira mvura kudzivirira munyika dzine vane rairambidzwa aurayiwe mabasa. Kunyanya, akarambidza mabasa akadai:

1. Kushandiswa mishonga uye nzira kurwisa chirimwa zvirwere uye zvipukanana, kutsakatisa masora.
2. Chokupika mhepo-namakemikari mabasa.
3. Kushandiswa fetiraiza mupfudze eko.
4. Placement pamusoro fetiraiza depots, lubricants, makemikari, platforms nokuti achidira midziyo ngozi zvinhu, mombe mapurazi uye zvivako, kwetsvina nzvimbo uye kuchengetera okurima, maindasitiri uye mudzimba tsvina, tsvina mvura kuchengetwa, kuvigwa chikonzero uye makuva.
5. Refueling, kugadzira uye kuchenesa motokari, michina.
6. Storage tsvina uye mupfudze.
7. Accommodation horticulture uye Suburban nzvimbo, kana upamhi runodzivirira mapazi mvura panobva idukusa 100 m, uye steepness pakati mawere pedyo munzvimbo - kupfuura madhigirii matatu.
8. Achiita achicheka huru kushandiswa.
9. Achiisa senga nzvimbo, kusanganisira mukati zvegadheni uye Suburban munzvimbo.
10. Implementation Zvokuvakazve uye kuvaka zvivako, zvivako, kukurukurirana uye nezvimwe zvivako, migodhi, earthmoving uye mamwe mabasa pasina mvumo yemuridzi gona zviremera.

Mode mashandisiro kumahombekombe mitsetse

Mukati zvisungo izvi kuwedzera pamusoro apa zvisingakwaniswi wairambidza:

1. Dzichirima.
2. Kushandiswa fetiraiza.
3. Storage semirwi kwakakanganisa ivhu.
4. Sangano kwemafuro chirimo nezvipfuwo zvigare, kunze kushanda nzvimbo zvetsika achidiridzira.
5. Kugadzwa pamwaka tented mapoka, pekugara yokumunda uye Suburban mapurazi, ichijekesa nzvimbo nomumwe redzimba kuvakwa.
6. Movement pamusoro nematarakita anofamba uye nedzimwe motokari, kunze chaiwo chinangwa michina.

Land mumiganhu ari mumhenderekedzo yegungwa mitsetse inogona akagovera placement zvinhu:

1. Recreation.
2. Hunting uye Fisheries.
3. Mvura.
4. Hydraulic uye chiteshi ezvirevo pamberi mvumo yokushandisa zvinyorwa, rinotaura chaiye zvinoda abvume kuchengeteka muoti.

Kuramba kumahombekombe rinoparadza uye mvura kudzivirira munyika dzine rinoitwa panhengo. Varidzi venyika uye navamwe varidzi, ane runofarira dziri pamusoro mundima idzi inofanira kuita zvinoenderana vavashandire. Pokugadzwa mvura kuchengeteka munyika dzine hakudi kushaya kuti mumapasuru kubva akakodzera varidzi dzavo, kurambidza pamusoro kwema navo, kunze muzviitiko inopiwa mutemo.

County sanohrany

Yakasimbiswa somumwe akaenzaniswa kudzivirira rwokuzvarwa zvokuporesa pfuma, zvokurapa vapore nzvimbo plesieroorde. nzvimbo idzi zviri kunyanya kudzivirirwa. Ivo akasimbisa kunzwisisa pamutemo hwechiKomonisiti. On Mabatirwo zviwanikwa nzvimbo nhema havabvumirwi kugara uye Implementation pakubhadhara zvose nemhuri. basa. Anosiyiwa vari kushanda kudzidza uye kushandisa zvivako kuti utano zvinangwa. Izvi zvinofanira kushandiswa rationally uye zvakatipoteredza ushamwari ruzivo. Ånd kuti nzira iyi basa vanoshandisa. Izvi zvinosanganisira masangano (pamutemo uye panyama), mubasa kukura uye kushandiswa dzairamba zvokurapa zvinhu maererano rezinesi. On the kuzvivaraidza munzvimbo haabvumirwi kunzvimbo zvivako uye zvinhu zvisina chokuita paumbwe uye kukura nokure Spa mishonga uye kutandara zvakananga. Also wairambidza basa, vane inokanganisa zvakatipoteredza, zvichiita kuti kuparadzwa, kusvibiswa zvinhu varipo pasi.