2 per mille doro ndiro doro rakadini muropa?

Kuti uwane doro iri muropa, chikwata chinoshandiswa pamamiriyoni. Munhu wose akambonzwa pamusoro peizvi, asi haasi munhu wese anoziva kuti chinyi ichi chinoreva. Semuenzaniso, havasi vose vanozopindura mubvunzo wekuti 2 ppm doro ndedzei doro riri muropa. Ingano iyi ine ngozi here? Ngationgororei pane zvakadzama zvinorehwa neshoko iri, vangani vanosanganisira imwe unit rimwe nerimwe, uye zvinorehwa neMutemo pamusoro pei kana zvine ngozi kugara pasi phiri, pamutengo upi. Ndezvipi zvakabvumirwa kunwa doro uye zvinobvumirwa zvachose kana uri kuenda mumugwagwa?

Promille - chii ichocho?

A unit of ppm inogona kugadzirisa kuti inonzi doro iripi muropa. Chikamu chikamu chewaini chinoratidza huwandu hweethanol muropa. Chiratidzo chinokubvumirawo kuti uwane kuti doro rakadhakwa sei.

Kusangana neiyo unit of measure ndeye nyore. Vanhu vazhinji vanoshandiswa kushandisa zvikamu kubva nhamba yose - hafu, yechina, yechitatu, chegumi. Kazhinji, zvikamu zviduku zvikuru zvinodiwa, saka chikamu chakaonekwa, ichi ndicho chikamu chezana chezana. Mumishumo uye kuongororwa kwebasa iri chikwata ichi chinowanzoonekwa. Nzira yekunzwisisa, 2 per mille doro - iyi ndiyo yakawanda sei doro muropa?

Ichi chiratidzo (ppm) chikamu chiduku kudarika chikamu - chikamu chimwe chezvinhu. Nokudaro, kana tikarondedzera chikamu uye ppm, zvakakosha kuziva kuti mune imwechete yezana - gumi pamamiriyoni. Promille ishumi yezana.

Mune mamiriro ekuraira, iyo inodhaka yakagadziriswa inoshandisa imwe unit ppm (‰), nokuti chikamu (%) chikuru kwazvo. Chiyero chinotaridzika muzana zana, zvegumi zve ppm, saka, somuenzaniso, chiratidzo mu 2 ppm chakawanda.

Zvakakosha kufunga kuti mhuka inomunhu mumwe nomumwe, kuonekwa kwewaini mukati mevakadzi nevarume vanosiyana. Saizvozvowo, zvinokonzerwa nehupfu hunowanikwa maererano neshoko rimwe chete. Mumuviri wevakadzi, ppm inowedzera nokukurumidza kudarika varume.

Nzira yekuverenga iwe pachako

Kuverenga mu ppm, mumutemo, hakusiyana nekuverenga muhuwandu, asi mufananidzo wakazara haudziviriri kunzwisisa izvi. Sezvatatotaura kare, inoratidzirwa ne ppm se ‰, yekuyeuchidza%. Havana kufanira kuvhiringidzwa. Kutaura nezvehuwandu hwezvinodhaka, shandisa hukama hunotevera:

• 1/1000 = 1 ‰ inokwana 0.1%;
• 1 = 1000 ‰ = 100% - kuumbwa kwezvinhu zvisina kuchena;
• 0.4 = 400 ‰ = 40%;
• 0.00024 = 0.24 ‰ is 0.024%.

Nzira yekuverenga, 2 per mille doro - iyi ndiyo yakawanda sei doro? Kubva pane hukama hwepamusoro, hazvisi zvakaoma kuita izvi: 2 ‰ iri 0.2% = 1/2000.

Misiyano pakati pepakati neyiri yemami inenge ichinzi zita. Mushure mekunwa doro kwehafu yeawa gare gare, nheyo yehuwandu hwayo inouya. Nekubatsira kwekuverenga, kuziva chimiro, unogona kuwana mazano anotevera:

• Doro inogutsikana mushure menguva.
• Bhuku doro rakatorwa.
• Zvinotora nguva yakareba sei kubvisa doro?

Kuti uverenge zviyero izvi, iwe unoda zvakare deta:

• Zera, kurema, zvepabonde zvemunhu.
• % Ye fluid mumuviri.
• Doro rewaini raishandiswa pakutanga.

Muenzaniso kuverenga

Kuremera kwomurume uyu 82 kg. Inwa 500 ml yevodka 40%.

Muvarume, mvura kubva muhukuru inenge 70%, izvo zvinoreva, kune muenzaniso uyu, ndeye 57.5 kg. Uwandu hweethanol isinganzwisisi ndewe 0.79. Somugumisiro, 500 x 0.4 iri 200 ml, tinoshandura 200 magamu 0.79 magamu 158 g. Zvinyorwa zvehuni yakachena ndeye 158 g - 10%, tinowana 142.4.

Saka, kuwanda kweethanol kubva kunwiwa ndiko 142.4: 57.2 = 2.5 ppm.
Iye zvino zvakajeka, 2 per mille doro ndiyo yakawandisa doro. Chiratidzo chacho chakakwirira chaizvo.

Muenzaniso unoratidza kuti kuverenga kwemaundi imwe chete kunowanikwa kune vose. Nokuti kuverenga hakudi deta yakawandisa, chimiro chacho chiri nyore. Cherechedza kuti tsika dzakapiwa dzakagadziriswa, asi kwete zvachose. Mushure mezvose, doro rinoshandiswa rinoitika nenzira dzakasiyana, zvishoma nezvishoma. Ethanol mumuviri inoshandiswa kwenguva yakareba. Tinofanira kuita kuderedza pazera, hutano hwehupenyu hwomunhu.

Dhiyabhorosi muropa

Mubvunzo unonyanyozivikanwa wevatyairi unofungidzira kuti doro rakawanda rinowanikwa sei mumvumo inokwana 0.16 ppm. Chokutanga, mutemo unotaura nezvehuwandu hwewaini mug kuburikidza nemhepo yakakwana neawa imwe yemhepo, iyi haisi yekuisa muropa. Chechipiri, kukosha uku kuri kuenzaniswa ne alkotester, kukanganisa kwechigadzirwa ichienderana nehuwandu hunopiwa. Nokudaro, kunyange munhu anonyatsoziva, anogona kurara mumuganhu uyu.

Nokuti mifananidzo yakazara iri pasi iri tafura yewaini muropa pamitambo yakasiyana.

Kunyangwe doro rinokanganisa sei maitiro

Zvichienderana nehuwandu hwewaini muropa, maitiro akawanda ekudhakwa anosunungurwa. Pachitamba chekutanga - kudhakwa kuduku, ipapo - kuoma kwakanyanyisa, danho rokupedzisira ndiro rakanyanya kukura, rinogona kutungamirira ku coma uye kunyange rufu. Chiremera che kg kune munhu mumwe nomumwe chirwere chinouraya.

Yeuka kuti muzvikamu - 10 ppm. Nhamba yehutano yega rimwe nerimwe mu% inopiwa:

• Kusvikira ku 0.03 - kudhakwa hakugadziriswi.
• Kubva kubva ku03 kusvika ku06 - kudhakwa.
• Kubvira pa06 kusvika ku166 - danho rekutanga kana kudhakwa nyore.
• Kubvira pa116 kusvika ku226 - chiyero chechidimbu kana kudhakwa kudhakwa.
• Kubvira pa2: 26 kusvika ku3.3 - dhigirii yechitatu inodhakwa.
• Kubva kubva ku33 kusvika ku6.6 - yakanyanya kukwirira kwazvo iyo iyo coma uye kunyange rufu inogona kuitika.
• Kubva pa 0,6 kusvika ku65.65 - doro rinoparadza doro.

Saka, mamiriro omunhu anogona kutariswa nehuwandu hwekuvapo kwewaini muropa.

Migumisiro shure kwegumbo

Munhu wese anoziva kuti iwe unoda kugara mumamiriro ekudzivirira mushure megumbo. Asi zvakadaro, chii chiri muganhu, chii chinokonzerwa nedoro muropa chine ngozi? Funga kuti mufambiro wemunhu unochinja sei nekuwedzera kwe mille.

• 0.2-0.51 . Kunyangwe pamwero wakadaro ane zvikanganiso, pane pfungwa yezvitubu zvekufamba chiedza. Yakaderera pasi kuongororwa kwemamiriro emugwagwa. Panguva imwecheteyo, pane chido chokukurumidza kufambisa. Mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, mutyairi anodarika kasi, asi panguva imwe chete, kutarisira uye kutendeseka zvinotambura. Motokari inowedzera kune vamwe. Mutyairi haaoni chikamu uye nguva.
• 0.51 - 0.81 . Mutyairi haanzwi ari kure nechocho chinhu, chikamu chinoputsika, zvikanganiso zvinowanikwa mukufambisa. Zvakaziva kukanganisa pakuongorora mamiriro acho ezvinhu. Zviratidzo zvisingaoneki zvakaonekwa, kure.
• 0.81 - 1.21 ‰. Kunononoka kuitika mumuviri. Nzira yekuona inoderera, mutyairi ane simba rakaoma pane zviri kuitika zvakapoteredza, zviito hazvina kururama uye hazvina simba, kunyanya kutarira kunowira. Mutyairi ane ngozi kune vamwe.
• 1.21 - 2.4 . Nokudhakwa kwakadaro, munhu anorasikirwa nekuziva zvakajeka. Chiratidzo chacho chinokanganiswa kusvika kumugumo, ruzivo rwakatsauka zvachose. Nokudaro zvakajeka kuti kudhakwa 2 ppm kune ngozi zvikuru, uye haugoni kungogara pasi phiri.

Dambudziko rinouraya

Ndeipi inonzi doro inogona kunzi kuurayisa? Hapana mhinduro isina chokwadi, imwe nhengo ine simba rayo. Iwe unogona kuita chifungiro bedzi chete zvichienderana nehuwandu hunokosha uye zviratidzo. Iyi nhamba inogona kungoratidza kuti doro rinoregererwa uye chii chinofanira kudziviswa.

Ongororo dzakawanda dzinoratidza kuti 5-6 ppm chirwere chinodhaka chinodhaka. Doro rinonyanya kusimba rinotanga ku 2 ppm. Vanhu vashomanana vanonzwisisa zviyero izvi, vazhinji vanoona doses mumatare. Mubvunzo unomuka: 2 per mille doro - iyi ndiyo yakawanda vodka? Tichaita zviyero zvakaringana.

Muna 0.5 litre yevodka ine doro yakachena 200 ml - izvi zvinosvika ku 2.5 ppm. Somugumisiro, chirwere chinouraya chichava mabhodhoro matatu = 1.5 litita. Asi rufu runogona kuuya chete kana iyo yakawanda yakadhakwa kwenguva pfupi. Somuenzaniso, awa imwe chete. Kana iwe uchicherechedza kwenguva yakareba, chingwa, ipapo kuchava nekudhakwa kwakasimba, asi kwete rufu.

Newaini newaini, mamiriro acho ezvinhu anotarisa. Doro rine zvishoma. Dza rinouraya pano riri guru zvikuru. Mukuwedzera, muviri unodzivirira kurwisa kudhakwa - kurutsa, asi huwandu hwewaini huchabviswa.

Chigumisiro chinouraya chinokanganisawo nekuyera, zera, uye kukanganisa kwayo kunwa doro. Zvinowedzera mamiriro ezvinhu eropa, hono, mudumbu, pamwe nehuhu hwehudha.

Mvumo inokwanisika yekudhakwa

Maitiro ezviratidzo muna ppm muna 2017 akasiyana zvikuru kubva muna 2010 kusvika ku3, apo zero ppm chete yakapiwa. Hapana huwandu hwezvinwiwa zvinodhaka zvakabvumirwa mumhepo yakanyarara. Mutemo wakadzokororwa nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakawanda. Kune michina isina doro, asi pamushonga unokosha unoratidza zviduku zvishoma pamamiriyoni. Kwavari zvinokwanisika kutakura:

• Kvass;
• Chocolate;
• Kwete-doro doro;
• Yoghurt;
• Yogurt;
• Warm warm juice;
• Oranges;
• Sandwich rine chingwa chine mutsvuku uye sausage;
• Overripe banana;
• Kufara kumuromo;
• Mimwe mishonga;
• Cigaretti.

Nhamba shomanana yekudhakwa inowanikwa mune zvigadzirwa izvi inodedzwa mushure mechinguva chiduku. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, mutemo wakabvisa zero per mille. Pamberi pacho, mutyairi uyo aishandisa girazi rekvass kana kefir, anogona kurasikirwa nekodzero dzake kusvikira makore maviri. Izvi zvakakonzera kukakavara kwakanyanya, uye muna 2013 vakapfuura mutemo. Nekutanga kwechiito chacho, chimiro chinogamuchirwa chewaini chakava 0.16 ppm mumakumbo maviri akabatanidzwa, izvo zvinokwana 0.35 muropa. Kuvandudzwa kwemutemo uyu kunowanikwa muMitemo yeMugwagwa.

Nzira dzokuranga

Kana nhamba ye ppm inopfuura iyo inotenderwa, ipapo mutyairi anotakura zvinotevera:

• Kuona kwekutanga: yakanaka ye 30,000 inotemwa, uye mutyairi anoremekedzwa kodzero kwenguva inenge 1.5-2.
• Sekondari kukanganisa: chirango chichaita 50 zviuru, mutyairi anoremekedzwa kodzero yemakore matatu.

Kana munhu asina ruzivo akawana shure kwegumbo, anotarisana kusvika kune mazuva gumi nemashanu.
Usavimba nekutakura kwako kune mumwe munhu, zvikuru kune munhu ane doro rinodhakwa. Paunotumira vatungamiri munyaya iyi, muridzi wemotokari inowanikwawo yakanaka ye 30 000 uye iye anoregererwa neisensi yekutyaira kwemakore maviri.
Nokukurumidza zvinotarisirwa kuti mutemo uchagadziriswa uyo uchawedzera kusimbisa zvinodikanwa nevatori vanodhakwa. Ivai vakangwarira!