Abramu Room: Biography uye Filmography

Akanga ari tarenda, akawedzera uye anoita mutongi mukuru. Akagara achiedza kuratidza kuswedera kwemunhu, kufumura manzwiro evanhu, nekudaro akasava nehanya nevakawanda zvikuru uye vasina kujairika cinematic. Abhurama Rohm vakaita mafirimu umo maonero ose anotarisa kune mumwe munhu, dambudziko rake uye zvakavanzika zvakavanzika. Panguva imwecheteyo, mutungamiriri aigara achitsvaga kutsvaga mitsva uye mafomu mu cinema, achiedza kuwedzera miganhu yemifananidzo yekare. Abhuramu Romm vakafananidza mutambi wenyanzvi ane master teknolojia, imwe mishonga yakagadzirwa nevanowedzera biomechanics ...

Kwemakore ebasa rake, maguta matatu akazova iye mudiwa wake uye munharaunda: Vilna, Saratov neMoscow. Mune imwe mwana hwake hupfuura, mune imwe nzvimbo akaita matanho ekutanga mune unyanzvi, uye mugore rechitatu akasika mafirimu ake akanaka. Zvisinei, Abhuramu Romm akave akakurumbira kwete chete semutungamiriri, iyewo aiva ane nyanzvi yezvinyorwa. Ndeipi nzira yake yokusika uye mafirimu api akaita kuti azivikanwe nenyika? Ngationgororei nyaya ino muchidimbu.

Ubwana uye huduku

Abram Matveyevich Room yakaberekerwa muBaltic yeVilna. Akazvarwa musi waJune 28, 1894.

Vabereki vake vaiva vapfumi, saka vaida kuti mwanakomana wavo awane dzidzo yakanaka. Mukomana anoenda kuimba yekurovedza, uye pashure anoenda kuPetrograd Psychoneurological Institute. Makore mashomanana gare gare, hondo yevagari vemo inotanga munyika, uye jaya racho rinotora chikamu mairi.

Kutanga kwebasa rokusika

Pakupera kwemakore gumi ezana remakore rapfuura, Abhuramu Iguru iri muSaratov. Pano, pamusangano weTheater of Miniatures iyo yaakazarura, anoisa dhiyabhorosi yake yekutanga kokutanga. Nguva shoma ichapfuura, uye jaya racho richaumba temberi yake yeMelpomene inonzi "Pigeon". Zvisinei, vana vake vachazovharwa, vachiona mubasa reChinhu chezvinhu zvephilistinism, bourgeoisness uye provincialismism. Asi jaya, uyo akadzidza kurapa paYunivhesiti yeSaratov, akaenderera mberi kuita zvekugadzirisa, kutanga sevadzidzisi vebazi rekugadzira nzvimbo, uye zvakare semutariri wepamusoro masangano emasangano emasikirwo emitambo. Zvakanaka, vatungamiri vevana nevanoratidzwa masheatheni vaida Abram Matveyevich kuti vagadzirise zviitiko pamatambo avo, uye jaya racho rakafara.

Pane imwe nguva Lunacharsky pachake paaigara muguta muguta reVolga akaona maitirwo emutambo wechidiki uye akafara zvikuru navo. Vanhu veCommissar for Education ivo pachavo vakataura nemutungamiriri wekutanga uye vakatsigira kuti Abramu Room apinde kuguta guru, kwaanogona kukudza zvizere tarenda yake.

Muna 1923 jaya rinouya kuMoscow.

Basa mumutungamiri

Pakutanga akagamuchirwa semutungamiri muTheatre of Revolution, uye akabva ava mudzidzisi pa Higher Pedagogical School yeAll-Russian Central Executive Committee. Zvishoma nezvishoma, Kamuri inomutsa kufarira mune cinematography. Nokukurumidza jaya rinotora ruoko rwake kune imwe munda.

Basa rokutanga pane rakagadzirirwa

Zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti Abrama Rohm, uyo ane mafirimu anosanganisira zvinopfuura makumi maviri nemaviri anoshandisa mumafirimu, uyewo akashanda pamifananidzo, kupfura kwaro kwakanga kusati kwapera.

Mumakore ekupedzisira ebasa rake akaedza kuteterera kune zvekare.

Basa rake rokutanga ndiro comedy "Race for the vodka" (1924). Pakati pezvenhau inoseka ndeyechecheti-mudzidzi, uyo akakwanisa kuisa kumapurisa avo vanowanzowanzoita. Zvisinei, izvi zvose zvinoitika mukurota. Zvinosuruvarisa, ichi chifananidzo chemaestro hachina kupona kusvikira mazuva edu. Zvadaro zvakatevera firimu pfupi "Chii chinonzi" Mos ", iyi inofungidzira mubvunzo" (1924). Uye basa iri, iro Abrama Rohm akashanda semutungamiriri uye scriptwriter, harina kuchengetedzwa. Chirongwa chemufananidzo chakanga chisati chave chisingazivikanwi.

Muna 1926, maestro akatanga kutema firimu yakazara "The Bay of Death." Zvisinei, nhau yezviitiko zvinotarisana nechikepe "Swan" panguva yeHondo Yenyika, haina kukonzera ruremekedzo kubva kuvatsoropodzi vefirimu. Ndakanga ndisingadi firimu uye Soviet vakuru, avo vakafunga kuti munyori akaedza kubudisa nyaya dzakaoma zvikuru.

Kutanga kubudirira

Kubwinya kwakasvika kuna Abram Matveyevich mushure mekusunungurwa kwe tepi "The Third Meshchanskaya" (1927). Mariri, akaisa munhu nemanzwiro ake mberi. Nyaya yerutatu rwe rudo yakanyanyisa kufara kweSoviet viewer. Abhurama Rohm, vane mafirimu avo vakave mazita emasikirini eSoviet, vakaratidza zvakajeka sezvinobvira kuti mukadzi anogona kunzwa manzwiro evanhu vaviri panguva imwechete, kune varume vanovewo shamwari pakati pavo. Asi mumufananidzo wokupedzisira mukadzi anosiya zvose. Zvisinei, zviremera hazvina kugoverana nekushingaira kwevateereri, vachitarisa mufananidzo uri kure nemafungiro evanhu vanoita zvevanhu.

Mukupera kwema1920 Abrama Rohm, uyo ane chokwadi chakakodzera kubvunzurudzwa zvakasiyana, anobvisa mumwe mufananidzo unonyatsonzwisisika kuvakuru veSoviet. Iyo mubvunzo we "Kuderedza kusingadzoki" (1929). Mune firimu iyi, maestro anoita kuti munyori afunge nezvekuti mumamiriro ezvinhu ari oga kubva munzanga, munhu anokwanisa kuberekwa patsva.

Opal

Mushure mekubudiswa kwemashizha ebhidhiyo "The Third Meshchanskaya" uye "The Bride That does not Come Back", pamwe chete ne "documentary" Bumps ", iyo inotaurira nyaya yehupenyu hwevaJudha vatongi vehurumende, zviremera zvakakwira muChimba.

Somugumisiro, mutungamiriri "akadzingwa" kubva kuMoscow kuenda kune guru reUkraine SSR.

Shanda muKiev

Ikoko maestro akarongwa kuti aite basa remufirimu studio "Ukrafilm". Munguva pfupi, Abrama Rohm, uyo mufananidzo wake waigara uchinyorwa muSoviet press, akatanga kutamba firimu "Austere Youth" (1935). Iyi ifirosofi inoratidzirwa nharaunda pamusoro pe rudo inopinda muhomwe yeCheema cinema. Iyo script yakanyorwa naJuri Olesha.

Philosophical love story

Hapana nguva yakajeka mufirimu: mune zvimwechetezvo, ma "hero" anofa epanguva yakapfuura anowirirana: uyo akapona Fedor Citronov, Dr. Stepanov nevamiririri vezera idzva iro miviri yavo yakaumbwa yakafanana neyevatambi vechiGiriki. Panguva imwecheteyo, vanoedza kuva vakakwana zvose mumuviri uye mumweya, vachiomerera zvakakwana kumitemo yekodhi yekuremekedza, iyo inobva paukukutu hwemweya, manzwiro, kutsungirira, utsvene.

Zvisinei, mufirimu pane imwe yemitemo yemitemo inotungamirira musikana muduku. Kutonga kwake kukuru ndokwekuti: "Kana iwe uchida chimwe chinhu, zvino ita zvido zvako, zvisinei kuti chii. Usarega zvido zvako. "

Mufananidzo wacho wakagadzirwa mumamiriro ekukwikwidza kusingaperi, kurwisana nguva dzose kwekodzero yekuve yakakwana. Pano mari haina kutamba basa chero ripi zvaro, hapana kuenzana kwehutano, uye zvose zvinoitwa kuitira kugadzira rudzi rutsva. Asi zvinoshamisa ndezvokuti kuenzana hakugoni kuvakwa kunyange munzvimbo yakanaka. Iwe unogona kutungamira chero rudzi rupi zvarwo ruzivo, kupa chero rudzi rwekuvaka, asi vanhu vaviri vakafanana havazokwanisi kukura, zvisinei kuti unoedza zvakaoma sei.

Pane rudo rutsva mu "Chidiki Boy". Uyezve mutungamiri mukuru Abram Rohm anomutsa musoro wekutaura kusina tsitsi. Magamba anomanikidzwa kuita sarudzo, pasinei nokuti, kubva pakuona maitiro, zvakaoma. Nokudaro, maestro akajeka pachena - kunyange munharaunda yakanakisisa kune nzvimbo ye rudo rwakasiyana.

Iyi firimu yakazova yefilosofi uye inoshamisa: kwenguva yakareba yaisagona kuuya nezita. Pakutanga, yakapiwa "Discobol", uye "Magic Komsomolets", asi yakashanduka kuva "Strict Youth". Uye muna 1936 magweta aya akarambidzwa kuratidzira mufananidzo wefilosofi pachikwangwani chakakura, achitsanangura izvi nekuti chidimbu chemufananidzo hachisi kure nechokwadi, uye pfungwa yacho haina kunzwisisa. Iyi firimu yakange iri pavharifi kusvikira pakati pemakore makumi matanhatu, uye chete ipapo yakatanga kuratidza kuvanhu vakawanda. Inofanira kuonekwa kuti matambudziko akataurwa mu tepi "Strict Youth", uye nhasi inoshanda.

Creative break

Zvinonzwisisika, mushure mokunge zviitiko zvezviremera zvichiitika mumufananidzo "Austere youth", maestro haakwanise kutarisa akanyarara mukutsoropodza kwebasa rake. Haasi mafirimu, kunyanya kuisa pakudzidzisa.

Asi mushure mechinguva akaerekana aziva kuti kudana kwake kwechokwadi kwaitungamirira.

Mhepo yepiri

Muna 1940, Abram Matveyevich akauya kuzoshandira Mosfilm, kutema firimu zvakare. Panguva ino anoisa mifananidzo inogamuchirwa kune censor. Mafirimu anotevera akatenderwa kuti aone: "Squadron No. 5" (1939), "Invasion" (1944), "Mumakomo eYugoslavia" (1946).

The late stage of Creativity

Muna 1956 Roem yakashandurwa kune musoro wekutarisira vanachiremba avo, pamatambudziko ose, vanofanira kuchengetedza hupenyu. Somugumisiro, firimu "Moyo unorovazve ...". Mumazana makumi matanhatu maestro akatungamirirwa mifananidzo yakabva pamabasa eRussia classical. Kunyanya, isu tiri kutaura pamusoro pemabhiri "Garnet Bracelet" (maererano na Kuprin, muna 1964), "Maruva anongedzerwa" (maererano naKekhov, 1969).

Mimwe Basa

Abhurama Matveyevich akanga asiri iye chete mutungamiriri wemavhidhiyo, asiwo muongorori wemakwikwi emafirimu akadai se "Case No. 306" (1956), "Pamusoro pemarara" (1957). Mumufirimu "Kiss Mary Pickford" akaedza ruoko rwake pakuita semutambi.

Contribution in art

Pasina mubvunzo, Roh akava munyori wehutungamiri hutsva mumitambo. Mazuva ano ma cinematographer angadaidza maitiro ake hyperrealism, ayo akavakirwa pakufungisisa kwezvakatipoteredza, mutambo wemuiti wechinhu chacho, kusimbiswa kune nyika yomukati yevanhu.

Kuti awane ruzivo rwake mune unyanzvi akabatsirwa nemabasa ekugadzirwa kwepfungwa V. Bekhterev uye muongorori wepfungwa yeZ. Freud, anoshanda pachikwata chemaatari, basa remishonga pachigadziro.

Kunze kwebasa

Aiva Abhurama Mudzimba anofara kunze kwebasa here? Upenyu hwehupenyu hwemutungamiriri hwaive hwakanakisisa. Akaroora musikana wemitambo Olga Zhizneva, uyo akazopfura pedyo nemifananidzo yose. Asi pakanga pasina vana vane Abram Matveyevich.

Maestro akapera musi waJuly 26, 1976 muMoscow. Akavigwa muguva reVvedensky (kuGermany), pedyo nemudzimai wake.