Nyika Iceland: tsanangudzo uye chokwadi chinonakidza

Nyaya yekuongorora kwedu nhasi ndiyo Iceland. Tsanangudzo yenyika, zvinonakidza zvisikwa, zvitsva - zvose izvi mumashoko ari pasi apa.

General information

Iceland ndiyo chitsuwa uye nyika. Nharaunda yenharaunda iyi 103 mamiriyoni mita. Km, iyo inogara kune vanhu vanenge 322 zviuru. Guta guru ndiro guta reReykjavik, uko chikamu chechitatu chevanhu vose venyika yacho chakanyanyisa, uye kupfuura hafu nemasuwa. Mutauro wemutauro weIcelandic, uye mari ndiyo Icelandic krona, iyo yaive muna 2016 yaiva 122 kroons kwe 1 USD. Iceland is repamende republic inotungamirirwa nemutungamiriri wenyika akasarudzwa kwemakore mana. Kuti vapinde munyika, vagari veRussia vanoda pasipoti uye visa yeSchengen.

Nzvimbo

Iceland, nyika yechando, iri kumucheto kumucheto kweAlantic Ocean, uye hakuna nzvimbo dzakawanda dzenyika kusvika kuNorth Pole. Chikamu chayo kuchamhembe chiri pedyo neArctic Circle.

Ichi chitsuwa chiri kure neEurope yose: kubva kune Faroe Islands iri pedo ne420 km, kubva kuUk kusvika ku860 km, uye kubva kunzvimbo yakapoteredza yegungwa reNorway ne 970 km. Chinhu chinonakidza ndechokuti, pasinei neizvi, Iceland ndeyvenyika dzeEurope, kunyange zvazvo iri pedo nechekuchamhembe kweNorth America yeGreenland - ne 287 km.

Iceland: chokwadi chinonakidza pamusoro penyika

Kuwanikwa kweIceland kwakadzokera shure kwezana remakore rechisere nemamongi eIrish, uye shure kwavo vaNormans Nadod naBelki vakasvika. Kutevera zviitiko izvi, pakupera kwezana remakore rechitanhatu, chitsuwa chacho chakatanga kuve chichigarwa nevaVikings vanobva kuNorway, avo kwemazana makumi emakore vakakwanisa kudzidzira zvese nyika yakakodzera yekurarama uye yehupfumi.

Muna 1264, Iceland yakanyongedzwa kuNorway, uye muna 1381, iri chikamu cheDenmark. Rusununguko rwayo rwakagamuchirwa muna 1944 chete.

Vagari vomuchitsuwa ndivo vanhu vane ushingi uye vanozvikudza, maererano nezvenhoroondo yavo yekare uye tsika. Kunyanya kune yakare kuIcelandic nhau - sagas, kurondedzera pamusoro pemakakatanwa ekuberekwa, zviitiko zvinonakidza, pamusoro pevane elves, gnomes nezvimwe zvinoshamisa zvisingazivikanwi, mukuvapo kwevamwe vanhu vachiri kutenda.

Chinhu chinonakidza pamusoro penyika yeIceland ndechekuti pane zvisiri mhosva pano - kune jeri rimwe chete, uye rine vanhu vanopfuura gumi nevaviri. Mapurisa pano anoenda asina zvombo, hondo haina.

Nheyo yehupfumi hwemazuva ano ndeyemabhizimisi maviri - aluminium nekugadzira uye kubata hove. Nenzira iyo ichati ihwohwo gore rega rekubatwa kwevadzidzi vepachivande iri repiri kuNorway kubva kunyika dzeEurope.

Iceland iri pakati penyika dzakabudirira. Saka, muvhareji wega wega wega wega wegore wega wega kune $ 39 000 (maererano nemitemo yedu - pano vose vanogara, kusanganisira mwana, mamiriyoni).

Nature

Nyika yeIceland, nokuda kwehukuru hwayo hukuru, ndicho chiwi chikuru pane zvenyika, ine mhepo inopisa. Kuzorodzwa kwechitsuwa chacho ndeye makomo, mihombekombe inoputika uye ine makomo anoputika. Iyo yakakwirira pane imwe yenhare yeHwannadalshnukur (2110 m), iri kumaodzanyemba-kumadokero kwegungwa. Nzvimbo yakaderera zvikuru iri pedo - iyi ndiyo gungwa re glacial lake (0 mamita pamusoro pegungwa).

Zvizhinji zvezviputi zvinoputika nguva nenguva zvinotaura ivo pachavo simba rakaputika. Nzvimbo yakakura yegomo iri ndiyo yakakurumbira Hekla (mamita 1488), iri pedyo ne "Great Reykjavik" uye yaityisa vanhu vayo nekuputika kwayo muna 2000.

Rwizi rurefu rwechitsuwa chacho ndiTjoorsau (237 km). Pamwe mimwe mitumbi yemvura, mazaya emvura uye mazaya emvura akawanda, anowanikwa kwose kwose uye asingaverengeki.

Iceland inowanikwa mune zvakasiyana-siyana zvepanyika. Pamusoro pekuya kwemvura, nzvimbo yenyika yakafukidzwa munzvimbo dzakawanda neminda yevava. Geysers uye matsime anopisa anowanzowanika munzvimbo idzi. Pachiwi chiripo kune matombo ematombo akavharwa nemasviki uye mashizha, zviwi zvemasango eBharch nemafuta emakwenzi euswa. Mvura inopisa inopa nzvimbo inokosha inzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzechitsuwa chacho. Kumhenderekedzo yekumadokero kunaka kwayo kunorohwa nefjords dzakawanda. Paruwa dzeZimbabwe dzakasikwa kuti dzidzivirire unhu hunoshamisa hwenyika.

Mamiriro ekunze nemamiriro ekunze

Iceland ndiyo nyika yekuchamhembe isinganyatsotsananguri zita rayo. Kunyorera mvura yaro inopisa, kunyanya kubva kumaodzanyemba kweGulf Stream, usabvumira kuti ive denga rakaoma, rakaoma.

Zvitsva zviri pano zvinenge zvitsva, uye inopesheni yekupisa kwemwedzi kwe1 ° C, iyo inogona kugodora vazhinji vekumaodzanyemba kweRussia. Zvisinei, mune dzimwe nguva dzenguva ino, mhepo inotonhorera inowanzoitika, iyo pamwe chete nekuunganidza kweActictic ice, inonyanya kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva, kunokonzera kutonhora kwakanyanya kunonaya -30 ° C. Nguva yezuva rechiedza haisi maawa mashanu.

Zhizha pano haisi kupisa. Ivhareji yekushisa kweJuly ndeyei12 ° C chete. Icho chinopisa zvikuru kumhenderekedzo yekumaodzanyemba ichikwira kusvika ku20 ° C, uye yakakwirira kusvika ku30 ° C. Muzhizha, chitsuwa chose chinovhenekera kumativi ose neawa, uye pano kune masikati machena anoenderana nemararamiro emaronda.

Kunaya pamusoro penharaunda yechitsuwa kunoparadzirwa zvisina kufanana. Somuenzaniso, kumahombekombe ekumadokero, nhamba yavo inopararira kubva pa1 300 kusvika 2,000 mm gore, nechokuchamhembe kwekumaodzanyemba kumadokero yavo inowanikwa kusvika 750 mm, uye munzvimbo ine makomo yenyika dziri kumaodzanyemba inogona kuva inokosha kusvika 4000 mm.

Mamiriro ekunze pano ari nyore kwazvo, uye pasina kuwedzerwa, tinogona kutaura kuti inogona kuchinja mumaminitsi mashoma. Zvainge zvitsva uye zuva, apo kamwe-kamwe denga rakazara, uye kunotonhora, mhepo yakanyarara. Vagari vomunyika vane joko vanoti kune vaenzi vavo uye vatashanyi: "Kana kamwe kamwe musingadi chimwe chinhu mumamiriro ekunze, usaora mwoyo, kumirira hafu yenguva, uye ichachinja."

Reykjavik Attractions

Reykjavik ndiro guta guru, guta guru reIceland. Ndeipi nyika isingagoni kuzvirumbidza nemhando dzakawanda dzezvikwereti? Saka Iceland ine chimwe chinhu chinoratidza vatashanyi. Kunyanya, guta rayo guru ndiro dzimba uye zvigadzirwa zvemasvingo, musamuziyamu uye masangano emazuva ano. Pakati pavo, vatashanyi vanokwezva ne:

• Temberi yeHatggmskirka ichitendero chechiLutheran chivako chemakore ekumazana nemazana makumi maviri nemakumi maviri, nenzira yekuputika kwemakomo. Nechomukati chikamu chikuru. Pamberi pechechi pane chifananidzo chaLeif Eriksson Anofara.
• Kereke, iyo ndiyo temberi huru, yakavakwa munguva yekupera kwezana remakore rechina.
• Chivakwa cheAlthing (paramende) mumutauro weklassicism, yakagadzirwa muzana remakore rechina reXIX.
• Pearl, kana pearl, rinoratidzika se daisy rine dome rebhuruu. Inowanikwa pachikomo chakakwirira uye ine purogiramu inotenderera kuona panorama yeguta racho. Muchivako chacho pane Museum of the saga, munda wechando, geyser yekugadzira, mabhizimisi mapafiri uye nzvimbo dzekutoro.
• "Kaffi Reykjavik" - iyi bar inoshamisa pakuti inoumba yakasimba mazai evha, uye zvinwiwa zvinoshandiswa zviri mumagalazi echando.
• Chikorodzano Hall "Harp". Masvingo aro ane mavara-mavara emagetsi, ayo ane rubatsiro rwema LED, anofadza vashanyi nekutamba kwemavara.

The Blue Lagoon

Lagoon inzvimbo ye geothermal uye nzvimbo yekugara nezvose zvakakosha. Iyi ingangodaro nzvimbo yakakurumbira uye yakashanyira mazana ezviuru evashanyi. Lagoon - yakagadziriswa gadzika uye inogara yakadziya ye 40 ° C. Iyi ndiyo nzvimbo bedzi pane imwe nyika iyi iyo yakazara nevashanyi gore rose. Zvinonzwisisika kuti kushambidza mumvura yegungwa, kupfuma mumaminerari, kunobatsira kuporesa kubva kuzvirwere zveganda.

Mupata weGehazi

Yakabva muna XIII yemakore shure kwekudengenyeka kwenyika kwakasimba. Nzvimbo huru, inonzi Great Geysir, inokanda ruzivo rwemvura yakadzika yepamusoro kusvika kune yakakwirira mamita makumi manomwe zvichibva pakadzika kupfuura mamita zviuru zviviri. Kufungisisa kwechimiro ichi chinoshamisa kunosiya kusimba kwakasimba. Kunewo nzvimbo dzekushambira mune zvitubu zvishoma zvitsva. Vagari vanoshandisa kupisa kwemazuva emhepo kunopisa dzimba dzavo.

Seljyalandsfoss waterfall

Mvura inopinda iri kumaodzanyemba kwechitsuwa uye inozivikanwa chaizvo nevatashanyi. Mvura inomhanyisa kubva pakakwirira mamita makumi matanhatu. Iyo inoyerera ichibva kumahombekombe, ayo aimbova gungwa, asi iye zvino mupata wakaisvonaka wakagadzirwa panzvimbo ino. Runako rwemvura (inosanganiswa nenyika yakapoteredza) hapana akaenzana. Ndokusaka mifananidzo yake yakaiswa pamakendenderi nemakadhipupu.

Fura makomo

Munguva inotonhora yegore munyika yepaki Landmannalaugar unogona kuona kuona kunoshamisa - makomo ane mavara. Masango emakomo anoonekwa nemavara asina kujairika - maronda, machena, pink, bluu, violet, tema, machena uye madema. Chikonzero chechiitiko ichi chinosanganiswa nemhepo inoputika yematombo. Nzvimbo yepaki iri pedyo nemakomo eHekla inoita kuti ive imwe yenzvimbo dzinozivikanwa dzevashanyi venyika.

Vatnayöküld National Park

Ndezvipi zvimwe zvandingareva pamusoro peIceland? Chokwadi pamusoro penyika, zvose zvayo zvinonakidza hazvikwanisi kuverengwa pane imwe nyaya. Asi zvakadaro ndinoda kutaura nezvepaki iyi. Yakasikwa muna 2008. Nharaunda yaro inenge 12% yenharaunda yeIceland, uye ndiyo yakawanda muEurope. Chinhu chinonyanya kukosha chepaki ndiyo eponymous glacier ine nzvimbo inosvikira 8100 sq. Km. Km neyando yechando kusvika mamita 500. Pasi pezvombo zvake kune mazai akanaka emapako, pamwe chete nemakomo manomwe anoputika.

Sezvokudya zveVatnayöküdl, vatashanyi vanogona kutora kufamba munzvimbo dzakanaka, kudzidzira mitambo yechando, asi kushambidza mumatsime anopisa, ari mukati memahombe echando, inoda zvikuru.

Pasina mubvunzo, ichi chinongova chikamu chiduku chezvisikwa zvenyama munyika yeIceland, pane zvinyorwa zvayo zvevashanyi kune zvimwe zvakawanda zvinonakidza uye zvisinganzwisisiki.