Nezvipi zvinokonzerwa nei carbon monoxide 4 inogadzirisa? Nezvinhu zvipi zvinoita carbon dioxide?

Carbon dioxide, inozivikanwawo sek carbon monoxide 4, inopindirana nehuwandu hwezvinhu, ichiumba zvakasiyana-siyana mukugadzirwa uye makemikari zvinowanikwa mumutumbi. Yakagadzirwa kwete ye-polar molecules, iyo ine simba kwazvo intermolecular bonds uye inogona kunge yakafanana nenzira yegesi kana kutonhora kwakakwirira kudarika 31 degrees Celsius. Carbon dioxide ikemikari inoumba ine imwe carbon atom uye maviri maatomu eokisijeni.

Carbon Oxide 4: Murairi uye Mashoko Akakosha

Carbon dioxide iripo mumhepo yepasi pano pakaderera zvakanyanya uye inoshanda semhepo inopisa. Ikamu chemakemikari yaro iri CO ₂ . Pakutonhora kwakanyanya kunogona kuvapo chete muga gaseous. Mamiriro ayo akaoma inonzi yakaoma ice.

Carbon dioxide chinhu chinokosha che carbon car cycle. Inobva kune zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvisikwa zvepanyama, kusanganisira volcanic degassing, kupisa kwezvinhu zvakasikwa uye kuporesa zvirongwa zvekurarama aerobic zvipenyu. Anthropogenic mhepo ye carbon dioxide inowanzobatanidzwa nekupisa kwezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinoshandiswa magetsi uye kutakura.

Iyo inobudiswawo nema microorganisms akasiyana-siyana kubva kunwaya uye kuputika kwemasero. Zvirimwa zvinoshandura carbon dioxide kune okisijeni panguva yekuita inonzi photosynthesis, kushandisa zvose carbon uye oksijeni kuti zvive nemahydrohydrates. Mukuwedzera, mbeu dzinosunungura okisijeni mumhepo, iyo inoshandiswa kufema heterotrophic zvipenyu.

Carbon dioxide (CO2) mumuviri

Carbon monoxide 4 inogadzikana nezvinhu zvakasiyana uye ine gaseous tsvina kubva mumetabolism. Izvo zvinopfuura 90% zvayo muropa nenzira yeBicarbonate (HCO ₃ ). Zvose zvinogona kuparara CO _2, kana carbonic acid (H2CO ₃ ). Nokuda kwekuenzanisa kwezvinoumba izvi muropa, nhengo dzakadaro sechiropa uye neitsvo zvine basa. Bicarbonate ikemikemikari inoshanda sechinhu chinokanganisa. Iyo inochengetedza pH imwe yeropa panzvimbo yakatarwa, kudzivisa kuwedzera mu acidity.

Maitiro uye zvinhu zvekhabhoni dioxide

Carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) ikemikari yakawanda iyo gas inotonhorera yepamusoro uye pamusoro. Inosanganisira imwe carbon atom uye maviri maatomu eokisijeni. Vanhu nemhuka vanobudisa carbon dioxide pavanenge vanyura. Mukuwedzera, inogara ichiumbwa apo chimwe chinhu chinopisa. Miti inoshandisa carbon dioxide kuti ibudise zvokudya. Izvi zvinonzi photosynthesis.

Iyo ye carbon caroxide yakadzidzwa neScotland scientist Joseph Black muma1750s. Icho chinomera chemafuta chinopisa chinogona kutora kupisa simba uye kunopisa mamiriro ekunze uye mamiriro okunze pamusoro pepasi redu. Ndiye iye anokonzera kupisa kwepasi uye kuwedzera kwekushisa kwenzvimbo yePasi.

Biological role

Carbon monoxide 4 inogadzikana nezvinhu zvakasiyana uye ichi ndicho chigumisiro chokupedzisira mune zvipenyu zvinogamuchira simba kubva pakuparadzwa kwemashuga, mafuta uye amino acids. Iyi nzira inozivikanwa semhepo yekufema, inozivikanwa nemiti yose, mhuka, dzakawanda fungi uye mamwe mabhakitiriya. Mumhuka dzakakwirira, carbon dioxide inofamba muropa kubva mumatumbu emuviri kusvika kumapapu, uko inopera. Zvirimwa zvinogamuchira kubva kumhepo kuti zvishandiswe mu photosynthesis.

Dry Ice

Dhiya yakaoma kana yakasimba carbon dioxide yakasimba ye CO ₂ gasi pamusana wekushisa -78.5 ° C. Mune maitiro ayo chaiwo, chinhu ichi hachiwaniki mune zvakasikwa, asi chinobudiswa nevanhu. Haina muto uye inogona kushandiswa pakugadziriswa kwezvinokonzerwa necarbon, sechinhu chinotonhora chiri mumidziyo ne-ice cream uye mu cosmetology, somuenzaniso, nokuda kwemafuro akaoma. Vapors yemvura yakaoma inokonzera kugadzikana uye inogona kutungamirira kurufu. Kuchengetedza kunofanira kutorwa kana uchishandisa yakaoma ice uye unyanzvi.

Pazvinokonzerwa, hazvizonyungudwi kubva kune zvakasimba kusvikira kune mvura, asi zvinopfuurira zvakananga kubva pakasimba kusvika kune gasi. Izvi zvinonzi kushandiswa kwemhepo. Ichasiyana zvakananga kubva pakasimba kusvika kune gasi pane chero hutoro hunopfuura kutonhora kwakanyanya. Dry ice is sublimated pamhepo yakakwana yekushisa. Muchiitiko ichi, kabhoni dioxide inosunungurwa, iyo isina unhu uye ruvara. Carbon dioxide inogona kuvharidzirwa pamusana wepamusoro pe 5.1 atm. Iyo gasi inosunungurwa kubva kune yakaoma yechando inotonhora zvikuru zvokuti kana yakavhenganiswa nemhepo inopisa mvura yemhepo mumhepo kune fog inotaridzika semuchena wakachena utsi.

Kugadzirira, makemikari zvinhu uye kugadzirisa

Mumakambani, carbon monoxide 4 inobudiswa nenzira mbiri:

1. Nokupisa mafuta (C + O ₂ = CO ₂ ).
2. Nokuputsika kwemafuta emakestone (CaCO ₃ = CaO + CO ₂ ).

Iko yakawanikwa inokonzera kabhoni monoxide 4 inonatswa, yakasvibiswa uye inoputirwa muzvigadziri zvakakosha.

Kuva acidic, carbon monoxide 4 inogadzikana nezvinhu zvakadai se:

• Mvura. Kana yakapedzwa, carbonic acid (H ₂ CO ₃ ) inoumbwa.
• Alkaline solutions. Carbon monoxide 4 (chigadzirwa CO ₂ ) inogadzikana nea alkalis. Panguva imwecheteyo, midzi yepakati uye asidi (NaHCO ₃ ) inoumbwa.
• Basic oxides. Mune maitiro aya, carbonate salts inoumbwa (CaCO ₃ naNa ₂ CO ₃ ).
• Carbon. Apo kabhoni monoxide 4 inopinda nehuni carbon, carbon monoxide 2 (carbon monoxide) inoumbwa, iyo inogona kukonzera uturu. (CO ₂ + C = ₂ CO).
• Magnesium. Kazhinji, carbon dioxide haibatsiri kupisa moto, asi pamatunhu akakwirira zvikuru inogona kugadzirisa nezvimwe zvimbi. Semuenzaniso, magetsi anojekesa acharamba achipisa mu CO ₂ Munguva ye-oxidation-kuderedza kupindura (2Mg + CO ₂ = 2MgO + C).

Izvo zvinogadzirisa zvinoitwa nekbon monoxide 4 zvinoratidzwa nekupfuura nemvura yeminestone (Ca (OH) ₂ kana kuti kuburikidza nemvura yebhari (Ba (OH) ₂ ) _. Tinogona kuona kuvhara uye kunaya kwemvura, kana mushure mokunge ichingopfuurira kupisa carbon dioxide, mvura ichavazve yakajeka , Sezvo insoluble carbonates inoshandurwa kuva yakasvibiswa hydrocarbonate (acidic salts ye carbonic acid).

Carbon dioxide inoumbwa nokupisa zvose zvinokonzera carbon-containing, zvakadai semethane (gasi chaiyo), petroleum distillates (petrooline, diesel, kerosene, propane), charashi kana huni. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, mvura inosunungurwa zvakare.

Carbon dioxide (carbon dioxide) inosanganisira imwe carbon atom uye maviri eatomu eatomu, iyo inobatanidzwa pamwechete ne covalent bonds (kana electron fission). Carbon yakachena haigoni chaizvo. Inowanikwa mune zvakasikwa chete mumhando yemaminera, graphite uye diamond. Pasinei neizvi, ndiro chivakwa chehupenyu, icho chinosanganiswa neHyidrogen uye okisijeni inoumba makemikari makuru, ayo zvinhu zvose zvakanyorwa pasi.

Mahydrocarboni akadaro seamalahle, mafuta uye gasi rechisiko ndiwo mashizha ane hydrogen uye carbon. Ichi chinhu chiri mu calcite (CaCo ₃ ), maminera mu sedimentary uye metamorphic matombo, limestone uye marble. Icho chinhu chinosanganisira zvinhu zvose zvinokonzerwa nezvinhu-kubva pane zvisikwa zvemafuta kusvika kuDNA.