Chiwi cheTasmania, Australia. Mamiriro eTasmania

Australia neOceania ndiyo chikamu chiduku zvikuru chenyika. Inosanganisira renyika inonyanya kutaurwa uye ine zvitsuwa zviduku zvuru gumi zvakapararira kumadokero nepakati pepakati pePacific Ocean. Nzvimbo yose yenharaunda yacho inodarika chikamu chemamiriyoni makiromita maseremita. Panharaunda yaro kune vanhu vanenge mamiriyoni 34 vanogara.

Gwaro rinotsanangurwa reAustralia

Australia ndiyo chitsuwa ichochowo kondinendi duku kudarika nyika. Nemhaka yenyika yakaoma kwazvo, magwenga nemasaga akaoma anowedzera pano. Kureba kwemhenderekedzo yegungwa, kutarisa mubhuku reTasmania nedzimwewo zvitsuwa zvinenge makiromita makumi matanhatu emakiromita. Kumusoro, kondinendi inogezwa neArafura neTimor Gungwa, kumaodzanyemba nekumavirazuva neIndia Ocean, uye kumabvazuva ne Tasman naCoral Seas. Sezvo nyika yakabva yatanga kuve inogaramo chete muzana remakore rechimakumi maviri, ndima yaro haina kusimbiswa zvakanaka. Kuwanda kwehuwandu hwevanhu pano kune vanhu vaviri chete pamakiromita anokero. Australia ndiyo chete kondinendi munyika, iyo inotorwa nehurumende imwe chete. Yakaumbwa muzana remakore ramakumi maviri remakore, rakaparadzana kubva kuBritain, uye ikozvino iri pakati pevakanyanyogadzirwa uye vakapfuma panyika.

Nyika yacho yakakamurwa kuva nharaunda mbiri uye zvitanhatu. Ikutanga yeunyanzvi yehurumende ndiyo Australian Capital Territory uye Northern Territories. Ihurumende yeAustralia iVictoria, Queensland, New South Wells, South uye Western Western, uyewo Tasmania. Iyo yekupedzisira inokurukurwa zvakadzama uye ichakurukurwa gare gare.

Geographical location

Hurumende haisanganisi chete chiwi chezita rimwechete, asiwo mashoma mashoma masango mashoma - Macquarie, Flinders naMambo. Musoro waro ndiro guta rechipiri guru rehurumende, rinonzi Hobart. Kutaura nezvenzvimbo yeTasmania, zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti chitsuwa chiri panzvimbo iri kure nemakiromita 240 kubva kumaodzanyemba (kusvika kumaodzanyemba kwaro), iyo yakakatsanurwa neBass Strait. Chikamu chekumabvazuva chacho chakashambidzwa neGungwa reTasman, uye kumaodzanyemba nekumadokero neIndia Ocean. Zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti chitsuwa ichi chiri chimiro chekuenderera kweGreat Australian Watershed Range, uye nhamba yakawanda yezvikepe yakaumbwa pamahombekombe ayo.

Discovery

Tasmania yakawanikwa kare kare Australia isati yasarudzwa. Ichi chitsuwa chakashanyirwa muna 1642 nechifambiso chakatungamirirwa naArt Tasman mugungwa weDutch . Ava ndivo vaEurope vokutanga vakashanyira pano. Zvino nyika iyi yakatumidzwa zita remutungamiriri-mukuru weEast Indian koloni, Van Diemen. Maererano nehumwe ruzivo rwezvakaitika kare, ndiye ndiye akatumira rwendo urwu kutsvaga ndima itsva.

Kudzidzisa

Kufanana nedzimwe nyika dzeAustralia, chitsuwa chacho chakatanga kunzwisiswa nevanhu veBritain vaitonga mumakore ekuma1900. Vokutanga veChirungu vakauya pano muna 1802. Gore rakatevera akaparidzirwa wechipiri kuBritain muAustralia. Zvadaro zvakasarudzwa kuchinja nzvimbo ino kuva chitsuwa chevatongi. Musha wokutanga unozivikanwa munharaunda yawo wakavakwa muna 1830 nechisimba chevasungwa vePort Arthur. Nharaunda yaro yakagoverwa muzvikamu uye yakachengetedzwa zvakanyatsotarisirwa, sezvo yakagarwa nevanhu vakaita zviito zvakakomba zvemhosva. Vakanga vakagadzirwa nechipatara, temberi uye post office. Ijeri rakavharwa chete mumakore makumi manomwe nemakore gumi nemapfumbamwe ezana remakore regumi nemapfumbamwe. Muna 1856 chiwi cheTagmania chakagamuchira zita rayo razvino. Ichisarudzo chakaenderana chakaitwa nehurumende yeBritain. Mune imwe nyika, yakasimbiswa muna 1901.

Population

Vanenge hafu yemamiriyoni vanogara munharaunda yehurumende. Vakawanda vavo vanoverengwa seAnglo-Australia, mune mamwe mazwi - vana veBritain vanobva kune dzimwe nyika. Chikamu chimwe bedzi chevanhu vomunzvimbo iyoyo ndechevanhu vemunharaunda. Maererano nenhoroondo yezvakaitika kare, vagari vomunharaunda vanogara pano kwemakore makumi mana emakore. Pachivako kune maIndia, Chinese uye mamwe marudzi. Chirungu pano chinoonekwa sechando. Panguva imwecheteyo, inofanira kuonekwa kuti ine mhando yekunyorera kwepanyika. Vagari vomunharaunda, kusanganisira vanaAborigines, vanowanzoreva chiKristu. Vazhinji vavo ndevaKaturike, vanoteverwa nevashumiri vechechi yeChirungu, vaPurotesitendi uye Orthodox. Inenge 4% yevanhu vanozviti Buddhism uye Islam.

Mamiriro ekunze

Australia neOceania inoonekwa seimwe yenharaunda dzakaoma pasi. Mvura shoma shoma inowira munharaunda yavo. Pasinei neizvi, vagari veTagmania vane mukana wekuwana nguva dzose. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuti chikamu chikuru chemuganhu waro chinoratidzwa nemamiriro okunze anononoka. Yakaumbwa pasi pekutungamirirwa kwegungwa uye makungwa achichenesa chitsuwa. Nokudaro, hapana hutonho hwakaoma, kwete kupisa kunopisa. Mumwe haakwanisi asi anongotora chokwadi chokuti nyika ine mvura yakawanda muAustralia. Mune chikamu chekumadokero cheTagmania, nhamba yegore yegore ndeye 1000 mm, uye kumabvazuva-600 mm.

Chitubu chiri pachiwi kubva kuSeptember kusvika November. Mamiriro okunze panguva ino inotonhora uye mhepo. Ivhareji inotonhora mumwaka wezhizha ine 23 degrees Celsius. Pane dzimwe nguva apo senyeredzi ye thermometer inokwira kune chiratidzo chemadrigiri makumi matatu. Zvisinei, izvi zvinowanzoitika kune imwe nzvimbo iri kure kure negungwa. Kutora muTasmania inguva yakanyarara, iyo inoratidzirwa nehusiku hwakanaka uye yakasviba, masikati. Inofanira kuonekwa kuti nguva ino inonzi yakakosha yekushanyira nyika nevashanyi. Mumwaka wechando pane kazhinji kune mamiriro okunze echando uye akajeka. Inowanzowira chando. Chero chii chakanga chiri, panguva ino mhepo ino inonzi inove yakachena kupfuura Pasi rose.

Nature

Chimwe chinhu chikuru chinosiyanisa chimiro cheTasmania, inofungidzirwa kuti yakaumbwa mamiriyoni emakore akapfuura uye mumufananidzo uyu wakapona kusvikira nhasi. Munzira dzakawanda, masayendisiti anotaura izvi kune zvakasikwa zvekuumbwa kwechitsuwa chacho. Anenge mamiriyoni mazana maviri emakore apfuura, pamwechete neAustralia, yakanga iri chikamu chekondinendi huru inozivikanwa seGondwana. Akabva atora hafu yepasi, iyo yakafukidzwa nemasango emvura. Mazuva ano, mamiriro ezvinhu haana kuchinja zvakawanda. Iye zvino nharaunda yechitsuwa ichi inomirira nzvimbo dzakakwirira nematare. Inenge hafu yeharaunda yaro yakafukidzwa nemasango asingagoni kuwanikwa, akawanda ayo asati achiripo. Zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti paPasi iyi ndeimwe yekupedzisira makona akadaro.

Panharaunda yechitsuwa ichi kusvikira nhasi, vamiririri vashoma vemafudzi nemhuka zvakapona, izvo zvave zvichange zvisingachaitiki mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzenyika. Pakati pezvinomera mumusango wemoyo unogona kuona eucalyptus, cypress uye awned anthroxis, maodzanyemba emaodzanyemba nemimwe miti. Mukuwedzera, isu hatigone asi tarisai kuvepo kwezvisikwa zvisingadikanwi zvezvinyuchi nemasses. Masango emunharaunda akazova nzvimbo yevakawanda, pasina imwe nzvimbo yakawana vamiriri vemhuka. Mhuka dzinonyanya kuzivikanwa uye dzisinganzwisisiki zveTagmania ndeye koalas, dingoes, maduku penguin, opossums, echidna, kangaroos, madhimoni eTasmanian, mhumhi dzomusango pamwe nevamwe. Mukuwedzera kune avo, pane anenge 150 marudzi e shiri pane zvitsuwa. Izvo zvisingadikanwi pakati pavo ndezvenyeredzi-yakabatana, iyo inodzivirirwa nemutemo muAustralia. Nharaunda uye makungwa emunharaunda zvinoputika nehova.

The Economy

Upfumi hwechitsuwa chacho hunobva mune zvekushambadzira nekurima. Kunyanya, nzvimbo yacho yakafuma mumaminerari akadai sezinc, tin, iron uye nemhangura. Mukuwedzera, pamusorosoro wekusimudzira pano pane masango. Sezvo nyika inoratidzwa nemamiriro okunze ane unyoro, sezvakataurwa pamusoro apa, mamiriro ezvinhu akanaka akasikwa pakugadzira minda yemizambiringa nemichero yemichero, uyewo nekurimwa kwezvirimwa zvakawanda. Inenge makumi maviri kubva muzana yenyika iripo inonzi ndeyemapaki uye nzvimbo dzakachengetwa, naizvozvo hazvibviri kuita zvekurima. Kufanana neAustralia yose, Tasmania inoshandisa hutano hwakanaka hwakatengeswa. Zvarakagadzirwa kubva muna 2001 uye kusvika zvino zvinokurudzirwa nemamiriro akanaka ehupfumi munharaunda yenyika, kusanganisira matikiti mashoma ezvikepe uye zvitsva zvinoshandiswa zvinopa hutachivhisi kushanda kune chitsuwa ichi. Vagari vemo vakawanda vanoshanda mumasangano enyika. Mumwe mushandi akakomba pano ndiyo kambani The Federal Group, iyo ine mazita akawanda emahotera uye makasinos, uye inobatanidza nehuni kushandiswa.

Musoro

Nyika nechitsuwa cheTagmania vane dzimba dzavo. Iri ndiro guta rekare kupfuura ose muAustralia mushure meSydney, guta reHotart. Yakatangwa muna 1804. Kubva nhasi, vagari varo vanopfuura 210 000 vanhu. Guta harisi chete nzvimbo yekuchengetedza, asiwo nzvimbo yezvemari yeTagmania, iyo tsika dzakare-kare dzakabatana zvakabatana nehupenyu hwemazuva ano hune simba. Hobart iri kumaodzanyemba-kumabvazuva kwechitsuwa ichi mumuromo weDerwent River. Inobva pano kuti mafambiro eAustralia neFrench anoenda kuAntarctica.

Attractions

Nezvekuvapo kwezvinonzi iyo yakaoma peji pebasa mumashoko echitsuwa cheTagmania, zvisikwa zveizvi zvakakosha zvikuru kune vashanyi. Hazvishamisi kuti zviuru zvevatashanyi vanoshanyira guta raimbova nhare nejeri panguva imwe chete - Port Arthur Historic Site. Nzendo dzakawanda dzinozivikanwa dzinobatanidzwa nenharaunda yemunharaunda nemapaki. Panharaunda yeSouthwest Reserve unogona kugadzira nzvimbo yepamusoro, panguva iyo vatashanyi vane mukana wekunakidzwa nemasango asina miti anotonhora, mvura ine mvura uye gorges. Iko kunewo nzvimbo inokura waini pedyo nechitsuwa ichi nemahombekitari ayo makuru.

Chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha zveguta guru iSarammanca Arts Center, iyo ine dzimba dzakawanda, kusanganisira zvidzidzo zvekudhiro, mabhii nemakamuri emakonti. Yakakurumbira muHotart ndiyo Museum of Monuments of the Ancient World, yakakomberedzwa neminda yemizambiringa iri kure nemakiromita gumi nemaviri kubva kumiganhu yeguta. Zvivako zvemuganhu zvakare zvekukosha kwetsika. Zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti kupfuura makumi mapfumbamwe ezvo anodzivirirwa neNational Society yePeservation of Monuments.

Tourist attraction

Chitsuwa cheTasmania chinoshandiswa nevakavakwa zvakanaka. Munzvimbo yakashanyira maguta ayo uye nzvimbo dzisina zvinetso iwe unogona kubhadhara imba yehotera, uye vadzidzi vanopiwa sarudzo yakanaka yehostels. Mumwe haakwanisi asi kungoona kuvepo kwenhamba huru yezvivako zvekurenda motokari. Munzvimbo dzekutengesa mabhizimisi vanotengesa vanogona kutenga chero zvipi zvese zvenyika uye zviyeuchidzo. Muzvizhinji, chitsuwa chacho chinogona kuwanika varaidzo kune chero ruzivo chero rupi zvarwo-kubva kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzekuenda kune diving. Chinhu chikuru chekuyeuka pamusoro peizvi ndechekuti pamavhiki ekudyira uye mabhizinesi akavharwa pano.

Mhedziso

Kutaura muchidimbu, zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti chiwi cheTagmania nzvimbo yakanaka kwazvo, iyo yakawanda inoshandiswa nemapaki emarudzi. Vose vari pasi pekuchengetedzwa kwenyika. Icho chiri chinenge chinhu chose chinogona kufarira mufambi wemazuva ano - nzvimbo dzinotyisa dzinotyisa, makomo, mapani, mvura zhinji uye mvura yakachena yegungwa.